‘A Community of Sciences’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Kiddey
Keyword(s):  
Homeless People ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Homeless people are among the most marginalized in the UK, where homelessness—or vagrancy—has been ‘the classic crime of social status, the social crime par excellence’ since the 1349 Vagrancy Statute sought to deal specifically with the ‘wandering poor’. People who are homeless are those ‘swept into the vortex of political practices, socioeconomic assumptions, values and expectations bearing on the phenomenon of “home” as we understand it today and negatively put on “homelessness”’. But regardless of how they are legally and politically defined, homeless people have to exist somewhere. They have to find shelter, food, and other resources. They have the same physical, bodily and emotional needs as everyone else. It isn’t pretty or polite but homelessness has been documented in the UK for over eight hundred years, and it continues to shape and inform the world around us. Homelessness leaves material traces and a rich intangible heritage in the form of lexicon, folklore, and memories, making it an appropriate subject for archaeological study. The practice of applying archaeological approaches to the contemporary world—or, contemporary archaeology—is a comparatively recent development in the history of the discipline of archaeology. As Graves-Brown, Harrison, and Piccini note in the introduction to their edited volume, the contemporary archaeologist’s subject matter is ‘not just the buried remains of past societies, but as often as not the circumstances of living people’. An important question to bear in mind is this: For whom do archaeologists practise archaeology and what right do they have to make claims about the past or decisions about what should happen to data in the future? Archaeologists have a moral responsibility to ‘bear witness’ to other human lives regardless of whether the people concerned have been dead for thousands of years or they stand beside us, alive and kicking. To undertake an archaeological investigation of contemporary homelessness is to consider the ways in which homeless memory is constituted through objects (places and landscapes) as a form of bearing witness to the human experiences to which they testify.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Unlearning and Consent in the UK Fire and Rescue Service

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110311
Author(s):  
James Brooks ◽  
Irena Grugulis ◽  
Hugh Cook
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Human System ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
Rescue Services ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Uk

Why does so much literature on unlearning ignore the people who do the unlearning? What would we understand differently if we focused on those people? Much of the existing literature argues that unlearning can only be achieved, and new knowledge acquired, if old knowledge is discarded: the clean slate approach. This might be a reasonable way of organising stock in a warehouse, where room needs to be created for new deliveries, but it is not an accurate description of a human system. This article draws on a detailed qualitative study of learning in the UK Fire and Rescue Services to challenge the clean slate approach and demonstrate that, not only did firefighters retain their old knowledge, they used it as a benchmark to assess new routines and practices. This meant that firefighters’ trust in, and consent to, innovation was key to successful implementation. In order to understand the social aspects of unlearning, this research focuses on the people involved as active agents, rather than passive recipients or discarders of knowledge.

scholarly journals Employing neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in cross-cultural accounting research

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Mark Linsley ◽  
Alexander Linsley ◽  
Matthias Beck ◽  
Simon Mollan
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory, developed by the Durkheimian institutional theory, as developed by anthropologist Mary Douglas, as a suitable theory base for undertaking cross-cultural accounting research. The social theory provides a structure for examining within-country and cross-country actions and behaviours of different groups and communities. It avoids associating nations and cultures, instead contending any nation will comprise four different solidarities engaging in constant dialogues. Further, it is a dynamic theory able to take account of cultural change. Design/methodology/approach The paper establishes a case for using neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in cross-cultural accounting research by specifying the key components of the theory and addressing common criticisms. To illustrate how the theory might be utilised in the domain of accounting and finance research, a comparative interpretation of the different experiences of financialization in Germany and the UK is provided drawing on Douglas’s grid-group schema. Findings Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory is deemed sufficiently capable of interpreting the behaviours of different social groups and is not open to the same criticisms as Hofstede’s work. Differences in Douglasian cultural dialogues in the post-1945 history of Germany and the UK provide an explanation of the variations in the comparative experiences of financialization. Originality/value Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory has been used in a wide range of contexts; however, it has been little used in the context of accounting research. The adoption of the theory in future accounting research can redress a Hofstedian-bias in accounting research.

Challenging Norms Supportive of Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
Obediah Dodo
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ways Of Life

Norms have a contribution in determining violence: how it starts, is unleashed, and its effect on the entirety of the society. They are important in moulding the behaviours of the people. However, they may be problematic and instigate violence. Realising an upsurge in violence emanating from some of the norms in Zimbabwean cultures, the study sought to understand all the various forms of norms, their functionalities, and how they influence violence before seeking to craft means of challenging them. The study is guided by the social norms approach. The study found out that social and cultural norms have over a period grown to define most societies' ways of life. However, there are elements that always try to create conflicts. To attend to the disruptive elements, there are interventions that may be applied to challenge some of these norms, usually combined with other methods, legislation and policies, education, adoption of contemporary world standards, communication, and inclusive lobbying and advocacy, among others.

Bearing Witness

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-217
Author(s):  
Santana Khanikar
Keyword(s):  
State Of Exception ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Common People ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This chapter discusses conflict and violence in Lakhipathar, over a period of two decades, drawing on oral histories from the people of Lakhipathar. Listening to the narratives of past sufferings here has worked not merely a tool to know what happened to the narrators in the past but it also gives a key to analyse why and how they live in the present. Apart from offering evidence towards the larger argument of the work, this part of the book has also aimed towards opening a conversation on some buried and forgotten moments in the history of the Indian state that resemble what could be called an Agambenian ‘state of exception’. The dense narratives give a picture of the collaboration and deceit, revenge and violence, suspicion and fear in war-torn Lakhipathar and how the common people negotiated their ways through these.

scholarly journals A brief history of contact in fostering and adoption: practice and power, and the coming of the mobile phone

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-284
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Simpson ◽  
Gary Clapton
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Family Time ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Looked After Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Birth Family ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Children In Care

This article charts the UK history of contact in fostering and adoption as it relates to looked after children and their birth relatives. It builds on a recent publication in this journal by one of the authors based on her research on the use of social media by children in care. Here we look at previous practices relating to the question of whether or not contact ought to be ‘allowed’ in which words such as ‘access’ were used, betokening the child as object. We also come up to date with reference to contemporary efforts to recast contact as ‘family time’ that is significant in the child’s continuation of understanding of self. Other words in the lexicon are problematised, including ‘contact’ itself. Attention is also devoted to the social work profession's conception and management of contact. We argue that a critical history of contact reveals the various ways that formal and informal power operates to both regulate and discipline those involved, most centrally the child and birth family members. Drawing upon emerging research relating to social media and contact, the article concludes with a discussion of how young people’s access to, and use of, social media has altered, how contact is managed and ‘policed’, and how this has shifted the balance of power in contact towards greater egalitarianism.

Walter Bagehot and Liberal Realism

1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Easton
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Contemporary Liberalism

In the decline of his life, a disappointed man might well ask himself what destiny would have held in store for him if at some crucial juncture of his maturity he had accepted the earnest advice of a solicitous friend or even of a keen-sighted foe. Today liberalism is confronted with a similar question. It is on the defensive in all parts of the Western world except in the United States. Even there its position is deceptive. Perhaps it survives tenuously under the artificial protective canvas of postwar inflation. Today one can hardly question this threatened eclipse of liberalism. Because of this foreboding, disturbing questions haunt the liberal. What deficiency in liberalism is leading to the abandonment of its tenets throughout Europe? Was there counsel offered and ignored in the past which might have retarded the infirmities of age?The answer to the first question has long been apparent. Yet in practice contemporary liberalism, both of the progressive and nineteenth-century varieties, has never assimilated its essential meaning. Following the French Revolution and the English Reform Act, liberalism began its long history of divorcing theory from practice. In the splendor of Victorian industrial success, this separation was not driven into the consciousness either of the intellectual leaders or of the people. But with the tension, domestic and international, of the eighties, liberals themselves, like T. H. Green and then Hobhouse, undertook the task of correcting some of the glaring discrepancies between the doctrine and the reality. In the light of the basically abstract character of liberalism, these collectivist renovations now appear like amateurish tinkering with a vastly complex apparatus.Liberal doctrine had indeed long been suffering from a negative attitude toward the state. But this was simply a diagnostic symptom of an even deeper defect: liberalism's unconscionable indifference to the material conditions of society, and its ensuing failure to put its theories to the test of the social reality.

Tools for Academic Research on Human Rights in Latin America: the Inter-American Human Rights System

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Orrego Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe article below, which is written by Gloria Orrego Hoyos, presents an overview of the Inter-American Human Rights System, its main instruments, its organs for the protection and promotion of human rights in the Americas and the available tools for the academic research and the activism in the vindication for human rights in the region. This information is presented from the contextualization of the system within a history of violation of human rights in the region, and the role of both the Inter-American Convention and the Inter-American Court in the transformation of the social, political and institutional realities of the people of the continent.

scholarly journals Casa din zori

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
Lorin Niculae ◽  
◽  
Ana-Dora Matei ◽  
Alecsandru Vasiliu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Essential Dimension ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

„House of Dawn” is the name of a project pertaining to the Arhipera trademark. It follows the same line of action of the group, namely the practice of social participatory architecture. The project concentrates on assuming the human capital that is in the limit situation of privation of shelter and tries to integrate it in a program that involves qualification and professional conversion in the construction field; the goal of the program is the „overnight” building of a minimal dwelling. The solutions for this category of persons in state of difficulty, situated at the extremity of the society, entails the configuration of varied typologies of minimal evolutive dwellings; as in the previous projects, the solutions aim at a democratic architecture obtained by using the „bottom‐up” model. In addition, the project proposes an ecological approach of the design, a durable development of the dwellings and puts a strong emphasis on the sustainability. From a topological point of view, the plots for building the dwellings for the homeless people will be connected with the existent urban tissue in order to achieve the social integration of the participants in the program; the choice of the plots focuses on unconventional spaces with regard to social habitation. A possibility that has been carefully considered from scratch is the reprocessing of unused urban spaces, including the recycling of the initial architectural function. Through the manifest of this program we propose the conversion of certain unfinished spaces of the totalitarian architecture of The People’s House/The Palace of Parliament into spaces for social dwellings destined for unsheltered people. In this particular case, the architectural recycling transforms the Totalitarianism into democracy and restores The People’s House to the people itself. The project is based on the norms of common law regarding the right to occupy the space meant for habitation. A family that is able to erect a house overnight on a plot on which it has no rights to is dignified to inhabit the respective space and proves to be useful from a social and economic point of view to the community that accepts it. The idea of the project is also sustained by a program of social integration of the beneficiaries and their inclusion in the labor market. The implementation of this type of social architecture is defined by efficiency, adaptability and flexibility and it’s centered both on the consolidation of the communitarian potential and on dwelling as an essential dimension of the humans. At the border of day and night, at the intersection of two spaces placed at the extremes, the Arhipera projects speak about opening the limit and abolishing it.

scholarly journals STATE POLICY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AS A SOCIAL SAFETY FACTOR: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM THE 17th to 21th CENTURIES.

2021 ◽  
pp. 752-770
Author(s):  
Svitlana Surgova ◽  
Olena Faichuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

The historical aspect of the development of state social policy of social protection of children in Europe from the 17th to 21th centuries is considered in the article. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the historical development of the state policy of social protection of children in European countries of the 17th to 21th centuries and learning from the experience of social protection of children in the context of Ukraine's European integration. The regulatory framework of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine has been studied. The statistic on different categories of children in need of social protection by the state is analyzed. The structure of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine is considered. The research methodology is based on the principle of priority of universal human values. As part of the tools of the proposed work the theoretical one is the analysis and generalization of scientific sources, educational and methodological publications on the theme and synthesis, as well as comparison and generalization of data. Based on the analysis of materials on the peculiarities of social protection in the UK, Germany, France, Sweden and Norway, it was determined that the social protection of children in Europe is characterized by assistance to them in providing conditions for the realization of their rights and freedoms. Equally important is the setting up of various charitable institutions, schools, penal colonies that help children change, as well as the emergence of social services that protect the rights and interests of children. The authors suggest that in the course of the studying the history of the issue of state policy of children’s social protection, there is an opportunity for analogies, the implementation of already proven steps on the path of democratization of national social protection policy. The researchers see the prospects for further research in the study of global innovative forms of social protection and support for at-risk children.

scholarly journals Ecodomy: Taking risks and overstepping boundaries in the Book of Ruth

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Gerda De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Social Conventions ◽  
The People ◽  
Creative Initiative ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter examined the concept of ‘Ecodomy’ – life in its fullness – as it unfolds in the Book of Ruth. The book is dated to the post-exilic period in the history of Israel, and is read as narrative critique against the Moabite paragraph in Deuteronomy 23:3–5, and against the way that this text is interpreted and implemented in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Naomi, Ruth and Boaz, the protagonists in the narrative, become paradigmatic of the situation in post-exilic Israel. Their stories, dealing with loss and the actions they take in order to heal the brokenness become indicative for the post-exilic community. As the narrative plot develops, the chapter aims to indicate how ‘life in its emptiness’ is changed into ‘life in its fullness’ by the courage and creative initiative of individuals, even if it meant overstepping boundaries and challenging the social conventions of the time. Against the exclusivist policy of Ezra and Nehemiah, the Book of Ruth argues that foreigners may be included in the community of YHWH and that their solidarity with Israel is to the benefit of all the people. The point that the chapter wishes to make, is that life in its fullness cannot be taken for granted, but requires effort.

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