‘What is there for me to do?’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Small Town ◽  
District Attorney ◽  
World War ◽  
Set Up

Edith experienced difficulties in adjusting to small-town life after Berkeley, as expressed in letters to E. F. Penrose. The chapter discusses E. F. Penrose’s early life in Cornwall, World War I, and later work in Japan. Meanwhile, Edith and her husband David moved to Williams to set up David’s law practice, campaigning for him to become district attorney. Edith became pregnant but whilst visiting her parents in Sacramento David was shot dead in a hunting accident. The local press covered the death and investigation in which the killer was identified but there was no prosecution. Edith went to live with her parents and gave birth to a son, David, in February 1938, five months after her husband’s death.

scholarly journals The Making of an Egyptian Arab Nationalist

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Donald Reid
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Arab World ◽  
World War ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Set Up

Thirty years in the making, this ambitious book covers the first forty-threeyears of the life of Abd al-Rahman Azzam Pasha, the political activist andwriter who became the first secretary-general of the Arab League (1945-1952). Few biographies of public figures in the Arab world have treatedtheir subjects in comparable depth and detail. The Making of an EgyptianArab Nationalist is essential reading for anyone seriously interested in thecomplexities of evolving national and religious identities in 20th-century Egypt.Coury sets out to refute interpretations elaborated by such scholars asElie Kedourie, P. J. Vatikiotis, Nadav Safran, and Richard Mitchell thirtyor forty years ago. He argues that their works, reflecting the influence ofOrientalism, perpetuated false assumptions that Islam and Arab cultureharbored essentialist and atomistic tendencies toward extremism,irrationality, and violence. He maintains that in treating 20th-centuryEgypt, they set up a false dichotomy between a rational, western-inspiredterritorial patriotism and irrational, artificial pan- Arab and Islamicmovements. Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid's circle before World War I and theWafd Party in the interwar period represented the first school who opposedBritish imperialism but were eager to borrow western rationalism, science,secular liberalism, and democracy. In the 1930s this moderate patriotismbegan to give way before pan-Arab and Islamic movements tainted with theextremism, terrorism, and irrationality which the West has long attributedto Islam.Coury cites hopefully revisionist works by Rashid Khalidi, PhilipKhoury, Ernest Dawn, and Hassan Kayali but is dismayed that other recentstudies have perpetuated the old, hostile stereotypes. "Martin Kramer'sArab Awakening and Islamic Revival (1996)," he says, "reveals that eventhe old-fashioned Kedourie-style hysteria, compounded, as it sometimes is,by Zionist rage (Kramer refers to Edward Said as Columbia's 'part-timeprofessor of Palestine') is still alive and well . . . "Coury insists that Azzam's "Egyptian Arab nationalism" sprang from theperspectives, needs, and interests of an upper and middle bourgeoisiefacing specific challenges. The rank and file following came from a lower ...

2. Roots

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
James Como
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
World War I ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Private Tutor ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Schooling ◽  
Diary Writing ◽  
County Down ◽  
Christian Family ◽  
The Impact

‘Roots’ recounts Clive Staples Lewis’s early life in a close-knit Christian family—his parents, Albert and Flora, and his brother, Warren—in County Down, Northern Ireland. His atheism was probably triggered by his mother’s death when he was not quite ten. His early schooling was much improved by his private tutor, William T. Kirkpatrick, who added dialectical precision to the rhetorical and argumentative disposition Lewis inherited from Albert. The impact of George MacDonald’s Phantastes on Lewis is highlighted, along with his service in World War I; his time as an undergraduate at Keble College, Oxford; his election to a fellowship at Magdalen College; his diary writing; and his conversion to Christianity.

The impact of the Scandinavian Monetary Union on financial market integration

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Fredrik Øksendal
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
World War ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Financial Market Integration ◽  
Parliamentary Debate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gold Coins

In the period from 1877 until the outbreak of World War I, Sweden, Denmark and Norway constituted a currency area – the Scandinavian Monetary Union (SMU). They shared the same unit of account, the gold krone. Both full-bodied gold coins and token coins of the three countries served as legal tender and circulated freely within the union. Initially set up to preserve the traditional circulation of neighbouring coins in the border regions, the central bank cooperation was extended to a mutual settlement mechanism (1885) and later reciprocal acceptance of notes at par (1901). A desire for economic integration was present under the surface of this practical approach, mirroring the predominant liberal worldview of the 1870s. For instance, the Norwegian government saw a common coinage as an instrument for ‘knitting together the three nations to a single commercial territory’. In the parliamentary debate on Norwegian entry into the union a supporter argued that ‘the real objective of unity in coin had to be to bring the countries closer together’. Thus, from the outset, the SMU was a combination of practical arrangements and lofty ambitions.

scholarly journals Repatriation of Polish refugees of World War I: the case of the Altai Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-516
Author(s):  
Yurii M. Goncharov ◽  
Ksenia A. Tishkina
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
World War ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

During World War I a large number of refugees evacuated to the Russian Empires periphery, such as the many Poles who were temporarily transported eastward to Siberia. This article studies their repatriation after the conflicts end, which bears some relevance to forced migration, refugees and repatriation in todays world. Based on archival and secondary sources, the authors endeavor to reconstruct the repatriation of Polish refugees from Altai province in southern Siberia. Beginning in earnest after the Soviet Unions war with Poland of 1918-21, their return was hampered by the difficult conditions of the past Civil War and the countrys economic crisis. Although an extensive network of organizations was set up to carry the repatriation out, poor communication with the center, insufficient staff and the absence of registration forms made its work extremely difficult. At the same time, many refugees returned on their own, which further complicated matters. Nevertheless, most Poles eventually made it back home. The Russian-Ukrainian-Polish Mixed Commission on Repatriation announced that its work was done in 1924, although in fact it lasted for another year.

William Henry Wittrick, 29 October 1922 - 2 July 1986

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 709-728
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
World War ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Bus Driver ◽  
Impaired Health ◽  
Choral Society ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Engineering Firm

William Henry Wittrick was born in Huddersfield on 29 October 1922. His father, Frank Wittrick (1894-1960) was the eldest of three sons of an iron and steel merchant in Huddersfield who died in 1913. After leaving school Frank Wittrick completed an engineering apprenticeship with a view to joining his father in the firm of steel merchants, but his father’s death and World War I prevented this plan from being realized. Frank Wittrick enlisted in 1914 and served in France through most of the war; he was wounded and emerged with impaired health. In 1919 he set up a business as a haulage contractor but this failed in the depression some years later. In 1921 he married Jessie, eldest child of Walter Jury, a builder in Huddersfield. He then had a variety of jobs, including working for an insurance company and as a bus driver, but on the outbreak of World War II he went to work for an engineering firm in Huddersfield, which specialized in valve manufacture, and stayed with them until he retired through ill-health in the mid-1950s. William’s mother, Jessie, was a proficient pianist and also had a fine contralto voice. She sang in the well-known Huddersfield Choral Society but, regrettably, she left it after her marriage. Nevertheless, as a boy William spent many enjoyable musical evenings around the piano with his family and other relatives or friends, and his mother playing the piano and leading the singing.

Blake Meets Sissle

Eubie Blake ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 52-84
Author(s):  
Richard Carlin ◽  
Ken Bloom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Good Treatment ◽  
World War ◽  
Black Musicians ◽  
Song Writing ◽  
And Training ◽  
At Home

This chapter describes Eubie’s first meeting with Noble Sissle; Sissle’s early life and training; Sissle and Blake’s initial song writing; and their efforts at pitching their song “It’s All Your Fault” to singer Sophie Tucker, who made it a local success. The chapter also discusses Eubie’s travel to New York to join Sissle as assistant to James Reese Europe; his work leading Europe’s band to entertain New York’s society at dinners and parties; and the racism he encountered while performing. Furthermore, the chapter explores the recording of “Charleston Rag”; the outbreak of World War I and Eubie’s lack of desire to serve abroad; the good treatment of black musicians in France as opposed to what they encountered at home; and the death of Europe and its impact on Sissle and Blake.

Claude McKay’s Bad Nationalists

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
Rich Cole
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Literary History ◽  
World War ◽  
New Negro ◽  
Black Liberation ◽  
Identity Control ◽  
Control Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Back To Africa

Abstract This article examines Claude McKay’s 1928 journey to Africa under colonial occupation and uncovers how these true events partly inspired his late work of expatriate fiction, Romance in Marseille. By bringing together migration studies with literary history, the article challenges and expands existing research that suggests that McKay’s writings register the impulse for a nomadic wandering away from oppressive forms of identity control set up in the wake of World War I. The article contends that Claude McKay’s renegade cast of “bad nationalist” characters registers a generative tension between the imperial national forms the author encountered in North Africa and the Black nationalist vision of Marcus Garvey’s Back-to-Africa campaign. Reading the dialectics of bad nationalisms and Black internationalisms, the article explores how the utopian promise for Black liberation by returning back to Africa, central to the New Negro project of Black advancement, frequently becomes entangled in McKay’s transnational stowaway fiction with conflicting calls for reparations, liabilities, and shipping damages.

Saving Private Ryan: Realism and the Enigma of Head-Wounds

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Roberts
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
World War ◽  
War Films ◽  
Large Section ◽  
The Face ◽  
Set Up ◽  
As If

AbstractIn Ernst Friedrich's Krieg dem Kriege there is a large section of photographs of survivors of World War I with the most hideous disfigurements of the face: jaws are missing, gaping slashes stare out where mouths should be. Friedrich leaves this gallery of ‘untouchables’ to the end of the book as if to achieve the maximum debasement of military glory and heroism. The head and face are obviously the most vulnerable part of the body in warfare – brutal wounds to the face and decapitations are common. In World War I, a number of hospitals were set up to deal solely with head-wounds, developing the basis of what we now know as plastic surgery. Yet, in the representation of combat on screen, even in the most candid and unsentimental of war films, such as Hamburger Hill and Platoon, injuries to the face are rare or nonexistent. This absence has something to do with the difficulty of producing convincing prosthetic wound-cavities on the head; blown-off limbs can obviously be created with ease through covering up the actor's extant limb with padded clothing; bloody disembowellings can be simulated with the judicious use of imitation innards and the illusionistic application of broken flesh, and so on. But the problems of modelling head-wounds clearly only half-explain the consistency of the absence.

scholarly journals Percival Albert Sheppard, 12 May 1907 - 22 December 1977

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 534-553 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
United Methodist ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Maternal Grandmother ◽  
World War ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Family ◽  
Set Up

Percival Albert Sheppard, Peter to his family and all who knew him well, was a leading academic figure in world meteorology through the 1950s until his death. He was the only son of Albert Edward Sheppard of Box Hill, Wiltshire, who had left school at the age of 12, not of course being exceptional in that, and had become an ornamental and monumental mason. He was a sober-living and serious craftsman who in 1913 or thereabouts set up on his own account, although after initial successes was unable to overcome the difficulties arising in World War I. Accordingly in 1916 he took up munitions work and moved to Bath, seven miles away, so securing better housing and better educational opportunities for his children. Albert Edward had known unemployment and his material resources were limited but he and his wife found enrichment through their church. They were pillars of the United Methodist Chapel, he as superintendent of Sunday School, his wife as organist and choir master, and the family were aware of wider horizons. In Sheppard’s words: ‘Names like Ruskin, Carlyle, Emerson became familiar.’ Home life with two sisters seems to have been happy enough, and the family attachments endured through life, but up to the age of 10 Peter’s life at Box Hill had little excitement in modern terms: ‘An occasional visit to Bath (seven miles), perhaps including a Mary Pickford film, was a highlight.’ He remembered that once when about seven years old he had ‘been walked’ all the way to Bath and back by his maternal grandmother, ‘a great walker for her age’.

scholarly journals From Şikayet to Political Discourse and ‘Public Opinion’: Petitioning Practices to the King-Crane Commission

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Ben-Bassat ◽  
Fruma Zachs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
World War I ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
World War ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Shed Light

The King-Crane Commission, named after its two chairs, Henry Churchill King (1858-1934) and Charles R. Crane (1858-1939), was an American investigative commission set up to explore possible political arrangements for the former Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I and the collapse of the Empire. While most research has dealt with the issue of whether the petitions submitted to the King-Crane Commission were a genuine manifestation of ‘public opinion’ or merely manipulations by interested elite parties, this article shifts the focus beyond this debate. We argue that a textual analysis of these petitions can shed light on the transformation of the traditional Ottoman form of appeal into a modern political tool used to recruit and generate ‘public opinion’ and foster modern political discourse. We first present a historical overview of petitioning in the Ottoman Empire and the key changes in petitioning practices in the last half of the nineteenth century. We then discuss the King-Crane petitions and highlight their differences from traditional petitions, as well as their contribution to the emerging national discourse in Greater Syria. We show that petitions shifted toward stances that were more ideological and political in nature, a development that coincided with the collapse of the Empire.

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