The Network Becomes the Core of the ATM

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Bátiz-Lazo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Retail Banking ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
The Core ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Shared Networks ◽  
Single Path

Chapter 5 (‘The Network Becomes the Core of the ATM’) traces the emergence of proprietary ATM networks and the formation of shared networks in the USA, Canada, and Britain. The formation of these networks bears witness to the transformation of the ATM and other forms of applications of computer technology from a potential source of competitive advantage to a minimum requirement for competition in retail banking. Detailed examples of all three countries exemplify alternative network configurations. These, in turn, help to illustrate different competitive strategies to implement technological change as well as show that the competitive transformation of the ATM was neither inevitable nor poised to follow a single path of development. The role of standards and particularly the encoding of messages communication between the ATM and the bank’s computer centre come to the fore. These help to elucidate some of the technological challenges of the 1980s.

PARLIAMENTARY REWARDS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE PATENT SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Burrell ◽  
Catherine Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Reward System ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Provision

AbstractThis article examines the impact on the patent system of rewards for innovation across the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. During this period, Parliament would regularly grant rewards to inventors, with many of these rewards being set out in legislation. This legislation provided Parliament with the opportunity to promote a model of state support for inventors: a model that made public disclosure of the invention a precondition for assistance. This had important implications for patent law, in particular, in helping to develop the role of the patent specification and the doctrine of sufficiency of disclosure. In this way, the reward system helped establish the framework under which the state would provide support for inventors. Simultaneously, however, the reward system created a space in which inventors would have to do more than meet the minimum requirement of public disclosure. Rewards allowed the state to distinguish between different classes of inventor and to make special provision for particularly worthy individuals. In this way, the reward system recognised the contribution of the “heroic inventor”, whilst leaving the core of the patent system undisturbed.

SEMIOTICS PECULIARITIES OF INTERNET MEMES IN ENGLISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Myroslava Zabotnova
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to semiotic specificity of Internet memes in the English political discourse. The aim of the work is to figure out the core semiotic peculiarities of Internet memes in semiotic field. The article highlights the role of Internet memes in political discourse classifying them according to their textuality; thus, revealing the value of signs in memes’ formation, and specifying types and peculiarities of signs in Internet memes in political discourse. The research unitizes the units based on the presidential election in the USA 2020. The intention of memes’ creation depends on the verbalization circumstances – in 2020 this factor is determined by the pandemic. So, this selection of Internet me

Poverty and social inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Powell
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
War On Poverty ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Rich

This chapter is about the emergence of new ways of seeing poverty: its redefinition and conceptualisation. It is also about anti-poverty strategy and the role of community development in the pursuit of social justice. In the USA, this process was grandly called the ‘War on Poverty’. The war was ultimately one of ideas and values. The situation in Ireland reflected these debates and, ultimately, the power of the rich to curtail the rights of the poor. Social policy and the widening gap between rich and poor emerge at the core of anti-poverty strategy in a society moving sharply in that direction. The welfare state is very much consigned to the shadows of this debate, reflecting its ideological marginality in Irish political discourse.

scholarly journals The ways of the value assessment the enterprises and the micro-enterprises

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Maria Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The paper concerns the assessment of the value of the enterprises, including the micro-enterprises. There are not so many publications regarding the micro-enterprises in comparison to the matters of the assessment of the big enterprises. Whereas, the importance of the microenterprises in the domestic, regional and global economy is crucial. In this paper, it is discussed the core of the assessment of the value of the enterprises and its aim and also the characteristics of the assessment of the market value of the micro-enterprises including its genesis. Furthermore, there are also alleged the functions of the assessment of the market value of the micro-enterprises, and also its methods applied in Germany and in the USA. The paper also presents the basic group of methods discussed in the Polish literature. It is presented the detailed review of the chosen ways of the assessment of the values of the enterprises and micro-enterprises including the demonstration of the particular quantitative tools (mathematical formula) used in the assessment practice. There are among others the balance transaction method, and also different methods: profitable, market, cost, property and mixed. In the final conclusion, there are included the motions concerning the assessment of the market value of the micro-enterprises due to the specific role of their functioning in the economy.

scholarly journals Marc Edmund Jones and New Age Astrology in America

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Robert Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
English Language ◽  
New Age ◽  
Psychological Growth ◽  
The Core ◽  
New Age Movement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

Although astrologers and astrological concepts were instrumental in formulating the core assumptions of the modern New Age movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the increasing number of scholarly studies of the New Age movement pay almost no attention to astrology.1 The only two English language histories of modern astrology set out the role of the English astrologer Alan Leo (1860-1917) in creating an astrology designed to facilitate spiritual evolution and the coming of the New Age.2 This paper examines the foundation of an astrology of spiritual development and psychological growth in the USA and examines the key role played by Marc Edmund Jones (1888-1980). Jones used arguments based on the history of astrology, strongly influenced by theosophical theories of history, to justify his reform of astrology.

Selecting which touchpoints to manage for customer loyalty: an empirical analysis in retail banking

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Marco Ieva ◽  
Cristina Ziliani
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Retail Banking ◽  
Customer Experience Management ◽  
Moderating Role

Customer Experience develops through a journey of touchpoints. However, little is known on the role of touchpoints in contributing to customer loyalty, which is the final aim of Customer Experience Management. This study provides an examination of the relative and moderating role of frequency and positivity of exposure to more than twenty touchpoints and their interplay in contributing to customer loyalty. An online survey on more than three thousand consumers is run with reference to retail banking. Results show that only a small number of touchpoints is significantly related to customer loyalty. Findings point companies' attention to invest their efforts in managing both the frequency and positivity of specific touchpoints.

Corporate culture as a driver of the corporate security of foreign military-industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2363-2380
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military

Subject. The military-industrial complex is one of the core industries in any economy. It ensures both the economic and global security of the State. However, the economic security of MIC enterprises strongly depends on the State and other stakeholders. Objectives. We examine key factors of corporate culture in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. The article identifies the best implementation of corporate culture that has a positive effect on the corporate security in the MIC of the USA, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan ans China. Methods. The study employs dialectical method of research, combines the historical and logic unity, structural analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We performed the comparative analysis of corporate culture models and examined how they are used by the MIC corporations with respect to international distinctions. Conclusions and Relevance. The State is the main stakeholder of the MIC corporations, since it acts as the core customer represented by the military department. It regulates and controls operations. The State is often a major shareholder of such corporations. Employees are also important stakeholders. Hence, trying to satisfy stakeholders' needs by developing the corporate culture, corporations mitigate their key risks and enhance their corporate security.

Does a Ribosome Really Read? On the Cognitive Roots and Heuristic Value of Linguistic Metaphors in Molecular Genetics. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Suren T. Zolyan
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
The Core ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Effective Instrument

We discuss the role of linguistic metaphors as a cognitive frame for the understanding of genetic information processing. The essential similarity between language and genetic information processing has been recognized since the very beginning, and many prominent scholars have noted the possibility of considering genes and genomes as texts or languages. Most of the core terms in molecular biology are based on linguistic metaphors. The processing of genetic information is understood as some operations on text – writing, reading and editing and their specification (encoding/decoding, proofreading, transcription, translation, reading frame). The concept of gene reading can be traced from the archaic idea of the equation of Life and Nature with the Book. Thus, the genetics itself can be metaphorically represented as some operations on text (deciphering, understanding, code-breaking, transcribing, editing, etc.), which are performed by scientists. At the same time linguistic metaphors portrayed gene entities also as having the ability of reading. In the case of such “bio-reading” some essential features similar to the processes of human reading can be revealed: this is an ability to identify the biochemical sequences based on their function in an abstract system and distinguish between type and its contextual tokens of the same type. Metaphors seem to be an effective instrument for representation, as they make possible a two-dimensional description: biochemical by its experimental empirical results and textual based on the cognitive models of comprehension. In addition to their heuristic value, linguistic metaphors are based on the essential characteristics of genetic information derived from its dual nature: biochemical by its substance, textual (or quasi-textual) by its formal organization. It can be concluded that linguistic metaphors denoting biochemical objects and processes seem to be a method of description and explanation of these heterogeneous properties.

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