Socially Extended Epistemology

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
The Core ◽  
Epistemic States ◽  
Web Science ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Core Idea

The present volume explores the topic of socially extended knowledge. This is a topic of research at the intersection of epistemology and philosophy of mind and cognitive science. The core idea of socially extended epistemology is that epistemic states such as beliefs, justification, and knowledge can be collectively realized by groups or communities of individuals. Typical examples that are being studied in the literature include collective memory in old partners, problem-solving by juries, and the behaviors of hiring committees, scientific research teams, and intelligence agencies. This volume attempts to further our understanding of socially extended knowledge while also exploring its potential practical and societal impact by inviting perspectives not just from philosophy but from cognitive science, computer science, Web science, and cybernetics too. Contributions to the volume mostly fall within two broad categories: (i) foundational issues within socially extended epistemology (including elaborations on, defences and criticisms of core aspects of socially extended epistemology), and (ii) applications and new directions, where themes in socially extended epistemology are connected to these other areas of research. The volume is accordingly divided into two parts corresponding to these broad categories. The topics themselves are of great conceptual interest, and wider interdisciplinary perspectives suggest many connections with social concerns and policy-making.

scholarly journals Study on the Consciousness of Husserl’s Intentionality Under the Influence of Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiu Liu ◽  
Junlin Xu ◽  
Shawn P. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Descriptive Psychology ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Internal Relationship

Husserl accepted the influence of descriptive psychology, inherited and developed the concept of intentionality, criticized and innovated the problem of empiricism from epistemology, and Conscious Intentionality has become the core idea of Husserl’s phenomenology. By analyzing Husserl’s concept of consciousness, we can clarify the internal structure of Husserl’s definition of “consciousness” on the basis of understanding the internal relationship of Husserl’s concept of consciousness: the concept of consciousness is not equivalent to the concept of intentionality, only when the concept of consciousness based on intentionality does the real concept of Husserl’s consciousness become manifest. Husserl’s concept of consciousness not only affects Martin Heidegger and Searle, but also has an important influence on the later philosophy of mind, and promotes the integration of philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.

scholarly journals Minds Online: The Interface between Web Science, Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Mind

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Smart ◽  
Robert Clowes ◽  
Richard Heersmink
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Web Science

Sustainable Development is a Dead-End: The Logic of Modernity and Ecological Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Lumsden
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Planetary Boundaries ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Core Idea

This paper examines the theory of sustainable development presented by Jeffrey Sachs in The Age of Sustainable Development. While Sustainable Development ostensibly seeks to harmonise the conflict between ecological sustainability and human development, the paper argues this is impossible because of the conceptual frame it employs. Rather than allowing for a re-conceptualisation of the human–nature relation, Sustainable Development is simply the latest and possibly last attempt to advance the core idea of western modernity — the notion of self-determination. Drawing upon Hegel’s account of historical development it is argued that Sustainable Development and the notion of planetary boundaries cannot break out of a dualism of nature and self-determining agents.

Knowledge First

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adam Carter ◽  
Emma C. Gordon ◽  
Benjamin W. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Timothy Williamson ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual

In this introductory chapter, the volume’s editors provide a theoretical background to the volume’s topic and a brief overview of the papers included. The chapter is divided into five parts: Section 1 explains the main contours of the knowledge-first approach, as it was initially advanced by Timothy Williamson in Knowledge and its Limits. In Sections 2–3, some of the key philosophical motivations for the knowledge-first approach are reviewed, and several key contemporary research themes associated with this approach in epistemology, the philosophy of mind and elsewhere are outlined and briefly discussed. The volume’s papers are divided into two broad categories: foundational issues and applications and new directions. Section 4 discusses briefly the scope and aim of the volume as the editors have conceived it, and Section 5 offers an overview of each of the individual contributions in the volume.

Psychology: Autonomous or Anomalous?

Dialogue ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kernohan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Anomalous Monism

In a recent series of papers, Donald Davidson has put forward a challenging and original philosophy of mind which he has called anomalous monism. Anomalous monism has certain similarities to another recent and deservedly popular position: functionalist cognitive psychology. Both functionalism, in its materialist versions, and anomalous monism require token-token psychophysical identities rather than type-type ones. (Token identities are identities between individual events; type identities represent a stronger claim of identities between interesting sorts of events.) Both deny that psychology can be translated into, or scientifically reduced to, neurophysiology. Both are mentalistic theories, allowing psychology to make use of intentional descriptions in its theorizing. Anomalous monism uses a belief/desire/action psychology; cognitive science makes use of information-bearing states. But these similarities must not be allowed to conceal an essential difference between the two positions. Cognitive psychology claims to be a science, making interesting, lawlike generalizations for the purpose of explaining mental activity. Anomalous monism denies that psychology is a science by denying that psychological laws can be formulated. Davidson has other ideas for psychology connected with his work on meaning and truth. Hence, the title of one of his essays on anomalous monism is “Psychology as Philosophy”.

Dead-Ends and New Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-347
Author(s):  
Jean Francesco A.L. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
Doctrine Of Creation

Abstract The aim of this article is to investigate how Abraham Kuyper and some late neo-Calvinists have addressed the doctrine of creation in light of the challenges posed by evolutionary scientific theory. I argue that most neo-Calvinists today, particularly scholars from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), continue Kuyper’s legacy by holding the core principles of a creationist worldview. Yet, they have taken a new direction by explaining the natural history of the earth in evolutionary terms. In my analysis, Kuyper’s heirs at the VU today offer judicious parameters to guide Christians in conversation with evolutionary science, precisely because of their high appreciation of good science and awareness of the nonnegotiable elements that make up the orthodox Christian narrative.

American Slavery and Russian Serfdom in the Post-Emancipation Imagination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Brickell Bellows
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
American Slavery ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chattel Slavery ◽  
Emancipation Era

The abolition of Russian serfdom in 1861 and American slavery in 1865 transformed both nations as Russian peasants and African Americans gained new rights as subjects and citizens. During the second half of the long nineteenth century, Americans and Russians responded to these societal transformations through a fascinating array of new cultural productions. Analyzing portrayals of African Americans and Russian serfs in oil paintings, advertisements, fiction, poetry, and ephemera housed in American and Russian archives, Amanda Brickell Bellows argues that these widely circulated depictions shaped collective memory of slavery and serfdom, affected the development of national consciousness, and influenced public opinion as peasants and freedpeople strove to exercise their newfound rights. While acknowledging the core differences between chattel slavery and serfdom, as well as the distinctions between each nation’s post-emancipation era, Bellows highlights striking similarities between representations of slaves and serfs that were produced by elites in both nations as they sought to uphold a patriarchal vision of society. Russian peasants and African American freedpeople countered simplistic, paternalistic, and racist depictions by producing dignified self-representations of their traditions, communities, and accomplishments. This book provides an important reconsideration of post-emancipation assimilation, race, class, and political power.

scholarly journals Semi-Supervised Noisy Label Learning for Chinese Medical Named Entity Recognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhucong Li ◽  
Zhen Gan ◽  
Baoli Zhang ◽  
Yubo Chen ◽  
Jing Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Category Labels ◽  
Adversarial Training ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper describes our approach for the Chinese Medical named entity recognition(MER) task organized by the 2020 China conference on knowledge graph and semantic computing(CCKS) competition. In this task, we need to identify the entity boundary and category labels of six entities from Chinese electronic medical record(EMR). We construct a hybrid system composed of a semi-supervised noisy label learning model based on adversarial training and a rule postprocessing module. The core idea of the hybrid system is to reduce the impact of data noise by optimizing the model results. Besides, we use post-processing rules to correct three cases of redundant labeling, missing labeling, and wrong labeling in the model prediction results. Our method proposed in this paper achieved strict criteria of 0.9156 and relax criteria of 0.9660 on the final test set, ranking first.

scholarly journals Interview on Experimental Philosophy with Joshua Knobe

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Pendaran S. Roberts ◽  
Joshua Knobe ◽  
Pendaran Roberts ◽  
Joshua Knobe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Knobe Effect ◽  
Experimental Philosopher ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaborations ◽  
Conversation Piece

This conversation piece contains an interview with Joshua Knobe. It provides a useful introduction to what experimental philosophy is and the interdisciplinary collaborations it encourages. Pendaran Roberts and Joshua Knobe collaboratively developed this conversation piece via email. Joshua Knobe is a renowned experimental philosopher, who works on a range of philosophical issues, including philosophy of mind, action and ethics. He is a professor in the Program in Cognitive Science and the Department of Philosophy at Yale University. He is most known for what is now called the ‘Knobe effect’.

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