The body as first prior: Interoceptive predictive processing and the primacy of self-models

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Allen ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Cortical Hierarchy ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
The Stability

Embodied predictive processing accounts place the visceral milieu, its homeostatic functioning, and our interoceptive awareness thereof on the center stage of self-awareness. Starting from the privileged status that homeostatic priors have within the cortical hierarchy of an organism whose main imperative is to maintain homeostasis, we focus on the mechanisms that underlie interoceptive precision and its impact on embodiment and cognition. Beyond their privileged status for ensuring the stability of organism, this chapter considers the psychological importance that interoceptive priors and interoceptive precision have for self-awareness and the grounding of a coherent self-model. In a manner analogous to the role that interoception plays for homeostasis, interoception at the psychological level seems to contribute to the stability of self-awareness. This psychological role of interoception is illustrated by a growing body of research that considers the antagonism but also the integration between exteroceptive and interoceptive models of the self.

Was Descartes right after all? An affective background for bodily awareness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Many

Recent accounts of interoception have highlighted its role for self-awareness, but what gives it such a privileged status compared to other sources of information about the body, and is it actually warranted? This chapter first explores the many ways one might understand the notion of interoception, rejecting most definitions that are too liberal. It further focuses on the interoceptive feelings that we spontaneously experience, such as thirst, fatigue, or hunger, highlighting the limits of the attentional notion of interoceptive awareness in use in the experimental literature. Interoceptive feelings inform us about the welfare of the organism as a whole and their spatial principle of organization is holistic. This chapter then assesses the contribution of these feelings for the awareness of one’s body as one’s own. In brief, their role is not to fix the spatial boundaries of the body but rather to provide an affective background to our bodily sensations.

scholarly journals AVICENNA ON ANIMAL SELF-AWARENESS, COGNITION AND IDENTITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alwishah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
The Third ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive and systematic study of Avicenna's account of animal self-awareness and cognition. In the first part, I explain how, for Avicenna, in contrast to human self-awareness, animal self-awareness is taken to be indirect, mixed-up (makhlūṭ), and an intermittent awareness. In his view, animal self-awareness is provided by the faculty of estimation (wahm); hence, in the second part, I explore the cognitive role of the faculty of estimation in animals, and how that relates to self-awareness. The faculty of estimation, according to Avicenna, serves to distinguish one's body and its parts from external objects, and plays a role in connecting the self to its perceptual activities. It follows that animal self-awareness, unlike human self-awareness, is essentially connected to the body. In the third part of the paper, I show that, while Avicenna denies animals awareness of their self-awareness, he explicitly affirms that animals can grasp their individual identity, but, unlike humans, do so incidentally, as part of their perceptual awareness.

AN INTERACTIONAL APPROACH TO ATTRIBUTIONAL DIMENSIONS IN DYSPHORIA

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Eschen ◽  
David S. Glenwick
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the possible contributions to dysphoria of interactions among attributional dimensions, 105 freshmen and sophomores were administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses examined the relationship to dysphoria of (a) the traditional composite score; (b) multiple regression analyses including interactions among the various dimensions; and (c) indices of behavioral self-blame, characterological self-blame, and external blame. The results provided modest support for the specific hypothesized interactional model and, to a large extent, appeared to support the validity of the standard manner in which dysphoric attributional style is viewed. Refinements of the traditional model are suggested, involving the self-blame construct, the possible role of the stability dimension, and the relationship between controllability and positive event attributions.

scholarly journals The body self-awareness among women practicing fitness: a preliminary study

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brytek-Matera ◽  
Anna Kozieł
Keyword(s):  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Body Attitude ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Body Attitude Test ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purposes of the present study were to explore the relationship between body awareness and negative body attitude, interoceptive body awareness and physical self in women practicing fitness as well as to analyze the determinants of body awareness. The Body Awareness Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and the Body Attitude Test were applied to 43 women practicing fitness and 32 non-fitness practitioners. Bodily self-awareness was connected with greater fitness practitioners’ interoceptive body awareness and greater physical self. Noticing and global esteem predicted body awareness in women practicing fitness.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 661-670
Author(s):  
David W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
A Site ◽  
Autobiographical Impulse

The concluding chapter provides summary observations of the book’s themes that highlight the complex, multifaceted dimension of conversion throughout twenty centuries of Christian history. These include the convert’s cognizance of divine presence; the crucial importance of historical context (political, religious, institutional, and socioeconomic factors); continuity and discontinuity (how much of the new displaces the old in conversion?); nominal, incomplete, and “true” conversions; personal testimonies and narratives (the autobiographical impulse attests to the converted life); the role of gender; identity and the self; agency (are converts actors or are they being acted upon?); the mechanisms behind and the motivations for conversion; the body as a site of conversion; the role of music; conversion as event and process; coercive practices; and forms of communication in the converting process.

Invisible no more

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-129
Author(s):  
Ruth Anna Spooner ◽  
Rachel Sutton-Spence ◽  
Miriam Nathan Lerner ◽  
Kenny Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Asl Literature

Abstract We report here on strategies used in the art of literary translation between ASL and English through the self-reflections of three ASL-English “translators” as they grapple with the varying degrees of translator visibility that push them beyond the traditional expectations of faceless translators into becoming performers of the translated texts. During translation, their faces, hands, and/or voices embody the text, becoming an integral part of the piece, which adds layers of complexity to the ways we think about the translator’s role and the process of translation. We hope that our reflections will challenge prevailing notions about creating, performing, and translating ASL literature, as well as raise questions about recasting the role of the translator and the body in sign language translation.

The Bodily Self

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Selection Of

How can we be aware of ourselves both as physical objects and as thinking, experiencing subjects? What role does the experience of the body play in generating our sense of self? What is the role of action and agency in the construction of the bodily self? These questions have been a rich subject of interdisciplinary debate among philosophers, neuroscientists, experimental psychologists, and cognitive scientists for several decades. José Luis Bermúdez been a significant contributor to these debates since the 1990’s, when he authored The Paradox of Self-Consciousness (MIT Press, 1998) and co-edited The Body and the Self (MIT Press, 1995) with Anthony Marcel and Naomi Eilan. The Bodily Self is a selection of essays all focused on different aspects of the role of the body in self-consciousness, prefaced by a substantial introduction outlining common themes across the essays. The essays have been published in a wide range of journals and edited volumes. Putting them together brings out a wide-ranging, thematically consistent perspective on a set of topics and problems that remain firmly of interest across the cognitive and behavioral sciences.

Predicting Career Search Self-efficacy: The Role of Self-transcendence, Self-consciousness, Self-control and Self-management

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Fedai Kabadayı ◽  
Mustafa Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Self Transcendence

The aim of this study is to predict career search self-efficacy. In this context, predictive variables are self-transcendence, self-consciousness and self-control and self-management. The research data obtained from 1278 university students. 786 (61.5%) were girls. Regression analysis and correlation analysis were used. According to the findings, it was determined that self- transcendence, self-control and self-management, social anxiety, appearance consciousness and internal self-awareness were significant predictors of career search self-efficacy. The strongest predictor is the variable self-transcendence. In this context, experimental interventions or psycho-educational programs based on these skills, which are related to the self, can be tested in order to increase career search self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Critical reflections on cultural appropriation, race and the role of fancy dress costume

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Linley Wild
Keyword(s):  
Academic Engagement ◽  
News Story ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Fashion Brand ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Social Importance

Cultural appropriation in fashionable dress has become an increasingly urgent subject within scholarly and generalist discussions. Few weeks now pass without a news story criticizing a fashion brand for producing and promoting culturally insensitive clothing. A form of clothing most frequently and controversially associated with cultural trespass, but generally marginalized within academic enquiries, is fancy dress costume. This article seeks, first, to promote a critical and continuous academic engagement with fancy dress costume and contribute to a growing body of scholarship that recognizes its cultural and social importance. Second, I complicate discussions about the causes of cultural appropriation within fancy dress costume by reflecting on the circumstances and motives in which people perform, dressed very differently to their conventional appearance. Addressing these points, the article makes a unique contribution to clothing studies and discussions about cultural appropriation by advocating a more nuanced understanding of people’s self-awareness when they participate in fancy dress costume, and suggests how this might be achieved.

scholarly journals How to Do Things with Surfaces: The Politics and Poetics of Victorian Surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Sibylle Baumbach ◽  
Ulla Ratheiser
Keyword(s):  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
Victorian Literature And Culture

AbstractThe opening chapter introduces and contextualizes the politics and poetics of Victorian surfaces. First, we delineate the increasing interests in both natural and constructed surfaces by taking a closer look at discourses that reflect a growing fascination with surfaces, including (pseudo-)medical treatises on physiognomy. Secondly, we focus on the politics of surface readings by scrutinizing the politics of various visual representations of Queen Victoria and the (self-)fashioning of the body politic at the centre of a growing surface culture. Third, we develop a conceptual framework for the analysis of the poetics of Victorian surfaces by analyzing the attention paid to (or withheld from) surfaces in Victorian literature and culture. By examining the role of surface reading in Victorian texts, we offer an overview of different surface cultures and debates surrounding the challenges attached to surfaces, explore how to do things with surfaces, and thereby outline what can be described as a ‘poetics of surface.’

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