The viability of Strong emergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-154
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Strong Emergence

Wilson considers and responds to a range of objections to the schema for Strong emergence and the associated ‘new power’ approach to physically unacceptable emergence. These objections include that satisfaction of the conditions in the schema renders Strong emergence naturalistically unacceptable or ‘scientifically irrelevant’, is compatible with physicalism, is impossible owing to the base entity or feature inheriting any purportedly novel power, or is not necessary for physically unacceptable emergence. Each challenge admits of one or more responses available on any sensible implementation of the schema for Strong emergence; certain additional responses draw on features of Wilson’s preferred ‘fundamental interaction-relative’ account of Strong emergence.

GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AS VHE-UHE SOURCES

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 1319-1332
Author(s):  
PETER MÉSZÁROS
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Acceleration Mechanism ◽  
Inverse Compton ◽  
Tev Gamma Rays

Gamma-ray bursts are capable of accelerating cosmic rays up to GZK energies Ep ~ 1020 eV, which can lead to a flux at Earth comparable to that observed by large EAS arrays such as Auger. The semi-relativistic outflows inferred in GRB-related hypernovae are also likely sources of somewhat lower energy cosmic rays. Leptonic processes, such as synchrotron and inverse Compton, as well as hadronic processes, can lead to GeV-TeV gamma-rays measurable by GLAST, AGILE, or ACTs, providing useful probes of the burst physics and model parameters. Photo-meson interactions also produce neutrinos at energies ranging from sub-TeV to EeV, which will be probed with forthcoming experiments such as IceCube, ANITA and KM3NeT. This would provide information about the fundamental interaction physics, the acceleration mechanism, the nature of the sources and their environment.

Enhanced resistance artery sensitivity to agonists under isobaric compared with isometric conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. H147-H155 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Dunn ◽  
G. C. Wellman ◽  
J. A. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Myogenic Tone ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Resistance Artery ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

We have compared the responsiveness of rabbit mesenteric resistance arteries with agonists under isometric and isobaric conditions. When pressurized (60 mmHg), arteries spontaneously reduced their diameter by 18.1%. An equivalent isometric stress did not generate force in a “wire” myograph. Subsequently, much higher concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and histamine were required to cause isometric contractions than were needed to reduce vascular diameter of pressurized vessels, whereas angiotensin II produced a maintained response only in pressurized arteries. Reducing transmural pressure to 20 mmHg abolished pressure-induced myogenic tone and decreased arterial sensitivity to NE. Under isometric conditions, partial depolarization with KCl increased sensitivity to NE and histamine to within the concentration range effective in pressurized vessels and also "revealed" responses to angiotensin II. The membrane potential of the vascular smooth muscle cells under partially depolarized conditions was similar to that found in vivo and in vessels studied isobarically. These observations demonstrate a fundamental interaction between pressure-induced myogenic tone and the sensitivity of resistance arteries to vasoactive stimuli. This influence was mimicked in isometrically mounted vessels by partial depolarization, indicating a possible pivotal role for membrane potential in determining the reactivity of the resistance vasculature.

scholarly journals Charge Exchange Cross Sections for Noble Gas Ions and N2 between 0.2 and 5.0 keV

Atoms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Steven Bromley ◽  
Corey Ahl ◽  
Chad Sosolik ◽  
Joan Marler
Keyword(s):  
Charge Exchange ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Neutral Atom ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas

Charge transfer of an electron from a neutral atom to an ion is a fundamental interaction that plays a dominant role in the energy balance of atmospheric and astrophysical plasmas. The present investigation measured the charge exchange cross sections of noble gas ions (He + , Ne + , Ar + , Kr + ) with N 2 in the intermediate energy range 0.2–5.0 keV. The systems were chosen because there remains a lack of consensus amongst previous measurements and regions where there were no previous measurements. A description of the mechanical design for an electrically floated gas cell is described herein.

scholarly journals Scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) emergence patterns and catchability

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i199-i210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Tuck ◽  
Darren M. Parsons ◽  
Bruce W. Hartill ◽  
Stephen M. Chiswell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Photographic Survey ◽  
Strong Emergence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Trawl Fisheries ◽  
Acoustic Tagging

Abstract Catchability is often a key source of uncertainty with any stock assessment, but especially for burrowing species, as their emergent behaviour is often poorly understood. Quantification of catchability will provide a major step towards improvements in the assessment for many species. Scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) are widely distributed around New Zealand, and as with Nephrops (Norway lobster), they occupy burrows in muddy substrate, and are exploited through trawl fisheries, but are only available to these fisheries when emerged on the seabed. Burrow emergence is known to vary over daily and longer cycles. Uncertainty over trawl catchability associated with emergence patterns has led to the development of photographic survey approaches for scampi, based on the counts of burrows. Both survey approaches require an understanding of burrow occupancy and emergence rates to estimate trawl/photo survey catchability, which is a key source of uncertainty. We used acoustic tagging to examine levels of and patterns in the emergence of Metanephrops, using hydrophone receivers moored close to the seabed. Strong emergence cycles were apparent in relation to tidal current (higher emergence with inshore water flow across the slope) and time of day (peaking just after dawn). These data have subsequently been used within a length-based stock assessment of New Zealand scampi, which uses emergence data in conjunction with burrow and animal counts from photographic surveys, for the first time, to inform priors for trawl (mean 0.094) and photographic (mean 0.46) survey catchability, and for burrow occupancy (mean 49.3%).

Oxygen-Trapping and Oxidation Induced by Laser Irradiation in Silicon

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung S. Liu ◽  
Shin-Wu Chiang ◽  
W. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Uv Laser ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Depth Concentration

ABSTRACTRapid oxidation in silicon induced by nanosecond UV laser pulses has been recently reported [1]. A significant amount of oxygen was observed to be incorporated in theregrown silicon layer when irradiation took place in air or in oxygen ambient. The fundamental interaction and transport kinetics involved include: incorporation of impurity during surface melting, trapping of solute during resolidification, and rapid reaction to form chemical bonds. The present study has investigated the mechanism of oxygen incorporation and trapping under various regrowth conditions. Oxygen depth-concentration distributions were analyzed using secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The oxide formed was studied using differential Fourier-Transformed IR (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

Molecular dynamics investigations of liquid–vapor interaction and adsorption of formaldehyde, oxocarbons, and water in graphitic slit pores

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (29) ◽  
pp. 15289-15298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsing Huang ◽  
Shang-Chao Hung ◽  
Ming-Yueh Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Adsorption Study ◽  
Vapor Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Slit Pores ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Liquid Vapor

We report a multi-component liquid–vapor adsorption study that allowed us to predict the ideal adsorption conditions and to explore the fundamental interaction and adsorption behaviors for formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water mixtures in GR slit pores.

scholarly journals Introduction to “Quantum Light Theory” (QLT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Electromagnetic Equation ◽  
Classical Quantum ◽  
Light Theory

Quantum Light Theory (QLT) is the development in Quantum Field Theory (QFT). In Quantum Field Theory, the fundamental interaction fields are replacing the concept of elementary particles in Classical Quantum Mechanics. In Quantum Light Theory the fundamental interaction fields are being replaced by One Single Field. The Electromagnetic Field, generally well known as Light. To realize this theoretical concept, the fundamental theory has to go back in time 300 years, the time of Isaac Newton to follow a different path in development. Nowadays experiments question more and more the fundamental concepts in Quantum Field Theory and Classical Quantum Mechanics. The publication “Operational Resource Theory of Imaginarity“ in “Physical Review Letters” in 2021 (Ref. [2]) presenting the first experimental evidence for the measurability of “Quantum Mechanical Imaginarity” directly leads to the fundamental question in this experiment: How is it possible to measure the imaginary part of “Quantum Physical Probability Waves”? This publication provides an unambiguously answer to this fundamental question in Physics, based on the fundamental “Gravitational Electromagnetic Interaction” force densities. The “Quantum Light Theory” presents a new “Gravitational-Electromagnetic Equation” describing Electromagnetic Field Configurations which are simultaneously the Mathematical Solutions for the Quantum Mechanical “Schrodinger Wave Equation” and more exactly the Mathematical Solutions for the “Relativistic Quantum Mechanical Dirac Equation”. The Mathematical Solutions for the “Gravitational-Electromagnetic Equation” carry Mass, Electric Charge and Magnetic Spin at discrete values.

Mussel-inspired hydrogels: from design principles to promising applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 3605-3637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Baiheng Wu ◽  
Yongsen Zhou ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Weimin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Fundamental Interaction ◽  
Interaction Mechanisms

This review presents the recent progress of mussel-inspired hydrogels from fundamental interaction mechanisms and design principles to promising applications.

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