Survivability of Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 429-456
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Network Recovery ◽  
Made In

Telecommunication networks with their unprecedented penetration in today’s society must deliver services that can survive unpredictable failures across the network. Recovery from failure can be made in various ways, broadly categorized in two types: protection and restoration schemes. Realization of these schemes varies for different network segments: access, metro, and long-haul networks. Protection schemes are proactive in nature and need more resources, while ensuring fast recovery from failure. However, restoration schemes are reactive in nature, as in such schemes a network starts exploring the possible alternate connections after a failure occurs, and hence they offer slower recovery while needing fewer resources. We present various protection and restoration schemes, as applicable to the respective network segments: PON, SONET/SDH and WDM-over-SONET/SDH rings, and long-haul WRONs, and we discuss the underlying issues for the implementation of these schemes. (135 words)

scholarly journals Preface

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 (1684) ◽  
pp. 449-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Interacting Systems ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

There is money to be made in the financial industry. Academics, under pressure to exhibit relevance, are happy to point to their consultancies in the City as evidence of their value in the market, and the industry has shown a notable ability to recruit the brightest and best from our Universities. These observations should not obscure the profound scientific challenges posed by the area of finance. The area has both stimulated and benefited from advances in a range of mathematical sciences, most obviously probability, differential equations, optimization, statistics and numerical analysis. One thinks, for example, of Bernoulli’s resolution, in the 18th century, of the St Petersburg Problem through his introduction of a logarithmic utility, of Bachelier’s description, at the turn of this century, of the stochastic process we now call brownian motion, of Kendall’s investigation, forty years ago, of the statistical unpredictability of stock prices, and of the current enormously fertile interaction between economics and mathematics centred around martingale representations. Looking to the future, some of the mathematical ideas originally motivated by statistical mechanics, and since used to model the large-scale telecommunication networks upon which the financial industry relies, may also provide insight into the very difficult problems that arise in economics concerning interacting systems of rational agents.

scholarly journals Methodology and Software Tool for Energy Consumption Evaluation and Optimization in Multilayer Transport Optical Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6370
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Przystupa ◽  
Mykola Beshley ◽  
Mykola Kaidan ◽  
Volodymyr Andrushchak ◽  
Ivan Demydov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Optical Modulators ◽  
Optical Transport

In communication networks, the volume of traffic, the number of connected devices and users continues to grow. As a result, the energy consumption generated by the communication infrastructure has become an important parameter that needs to be carefully considered and optimized both when designing the network and when operating it in real-time. In this paper, the methodology of calculation of complex parameters of energy consumption for transport telecommunication networks is proposed. Unlike the known techniques, the proposed methodology takes into account heterogeneity and multilayer networks. It also takes into account the energy consumption parameter during the downtime of the network equipment in the process of processing the service data blocks, which is quite an important task for improving the accuracy of energy consumption at the stage of implementing the energy-saving network. We also developed simulation software to estimate and manage the energy consumption of the optical transport network using the LabVIEW environment. This software tool allows telecommunication network designers to evaluate energy consumption, which allows them to choose the optimal solution for the desired projects. The use of electro-and acousto-optical devices for optical transport networks is analyzed. We recommended using electro-optical devices for optical modulators and acousto-optical devices for optical switches. The gain from using this combination of optical devices and the parameter of rij electro-optical coefficient and M2 acousto-optical quality parameter found in the paper is about 36.1% relative to the complex criterion of energy consumption.

Proposal of multifunctional coherent Nyquist pulse and ultra-high-speed and high-efficiency optical transmission technology

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Masataka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Optical Telecommunications ◽  
Nyquist Pulse

A cornerstone of technological advancement in the last century has been the development of ever faster and higher capacity telecommunications. Being able to transmit large amounts of information, at a good rate over long distances is essential for running many of the services, business and industries that we all rely upon. The development of large national and international telecommunication networks underpins the internet and, with it, the World Wide Web. All this powers a huge range of diverse activities as security services, the entertainment industry, national health services and distribution. As more and more people are connected to this network and more and more information is transmitted between these people, the capacity of the network must increase. This can broadly be split into two categories: access – the laying of cables and construction of mobile towers, technology – the creation of improved data transmitting methods that can transmit more data, at a faster rate, further away. The former is a question of private enterprise and public policy, the latter is the domain of engineers and physicists. Professor Masataka Nakazawa, who is based at the Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University in Japan, is a world-leading expert in optical telecommunications. Nakazawa and his team have a mission to create new methods through which data can be transmitted using optical networks, recently they have consistently broken records for speed, capacity and efficiency in their cutting-edge optical communication technologies.

A Survey of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms for Telecommunication Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Benyahia
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Routing Optimization

Optical and ad-hoc networks which fulfill the communications requirements of complex applications must meet the Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by these applications, such as transmission delay. These demands are hard to satisfy in the presence of unpredictable behavior in the environment such as interference, traffic congestion, etc. Algorithms based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) offer an effective approach to meet such challenges since they are well suited to the dynamic routing optimization and dynamic resource reassignment required by these applications. In this paper, the author presents a survey of Ant Colony Optimization variants applied to ad-hoc and optical networks. The ACO variant called AntHocNet in particular will be reviewed, analyzed, and criticized from the point of view of emergent applications for environment management such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).

scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

scholarly journals An overview of passive optical networks and components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Bala
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile

Over the past few years, telecommunication networks have experienced a dramatic shift from traditional voice-dominated traffic to data-oriented, application-based traffic. The access network or the last-mile connecting households or businesses to the internet backbone, have been recognized as a major bottleneck in todays network hierarchy. The ongoing demand for new access networks that support high-speed (greater than 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services has been accelerated and the search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is a natural choice. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are promising access solutions that will open the last-mile bottleneck bringing data rates of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s to the end-users. The goal of this work is to provide a cohesive overview of research done in the area of Fiber In The Loop (FITL) optical access technology. Specifically, it explores the area of Passive Optical Network (PON) : its history, variants, architecture, and standards. Various passive optical components which make a passive optical network work, are also discussed. Some laboratory emulations on RF over PON showing noise, distortion, and fading in the channels are then carried on using the Vector Signal Generator SMIQ03B (Rhode & Schwarz), and the Wireless Communication Analyzer WCA380 (SONY Tektronix).

scholarly journals A Proactive Link Based Fast Recovery Strategy for Survival Elastic Optical Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4018-4022
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Recovery Strategy ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Backup Path ◽  
Utilization Ratio ◽  
Connection Recovery ◽  
Link Protection

In this paper, we proposed a link based fast connection recovery strategy. A backup path either reserved in advance or searched dynamically after the failure occurred in the network. Both these recovery strategy required large backup capacity. We analyse three network parameters such as recovery time (RT), bandwidth blocking probability (BBP), and network capacity utilization ratio (NCU) for randomly generated source to destination request for three topologies that is COST239, ARPANET and NSFNET and compare the results for shared link protection (SLP), dedicated link protection (DLP), and our proposed link protection (PLP) scheme. Our proposed scheme shows the minimum RT compared to other two strategies.

Optical Networks: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Telephone Network ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Optical Networking ◽  
Basic Service ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Multiple Services ◽  
Networking Technologies

We present an overview of optical networks, beginning with a background of today’s telecommunication networks and the roles of optical fibers therein. Next, we describe the chronology of developments in telecommunication networks starting from the days of public-switched telephone network (PSTN) offering ‘plain old telephone service’ as the basic service, followed by the divestiture of Bell Laboratories and subsequent developments of the demonopolized regime of telecommunication networks with multiple services offered to users by the same network providers. Then we describe the salient features of the two generations of optical networks for various network segments, including single-wavelength and WDM-based LANs/MANs, accesses networks, metro and long-haul networks, datacenters, and elastic optical networks. Finally, we discuss briefly the possible network architectures with the evolving optical-networking technologies. (124 words)

Optical Network Control and Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 457-490
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Multiprotocol Label Switching ◽  
Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching ◽  
Automatically Switched Optical Network ◽  
Control And Management

The task of network control and management is generally realized in two logical planes – control and management – which collaboratively operate to ensure smooth, secure, and survivable traffic flow in the data plane of the network. Some of the functionalities are realized in the control plane, needing real-time execution, such as recovery from network failures, and network reconfiguration due to traffic variation. Other functionalities deal with performance monitoring, configuration management, network security, accounting and billing etc., which are less time-sensitive and are addressed by the management plane. We first discuss the philosophy of multiple-layer abstraction of telecommunication networks, including control, management, and data planes, and then describe various network control and management techniques used in optical networks: operation, administration, and management (OAM) in SONET, generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS), automatically switched optical network (ASON), and software-defined optical networking (SDON) in WDM networks. (141 words)

Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Switched Networks

This book presents an in-depth deliberation on optical networks in four parts, capturing the past, present, and ensuing developments in the field. Part I has two chapters presenting an overview of optical networks and the enabling technologies. Part II has three chapters dealing with the single-wavelength optical networks: optical LANs/MANs, optical access networks using passive optical network architecture, SONET/SDH, optical transport network and resilient packet ring. Part III consists of four chapters on WDM-based optical networks, including WDM-based local/metropolitan networks (LANs/MANs) using single and multihop architectures over passive-star couplers, WDM/TWDM access networks as an extension of PONs with WDM transmission, WDM metro ring networks covering circuit-switched (using point-to-point WDM and wavelength-routed transmission) plus packet-switched architectures and WDM long-haul backbone networks presenting the offline and online design methodologies using wavelength-routed transmission. Part IV deals with some selected topics in six chapters. The first deals with transmission impairments and power-consumption issues in optical networks, while the next three chapters deal with the survivable optical networks, network control and management techniques, including GMPLS, ASON, and SDN/SDON, and datacenter networks using electrical, optical, and hybrid switching techniques. The final two chapters present elastic optical networks using flexible grid for better utilization of the optical-fiber spectrum and optical packet and burst-switched networks. The three appendices present the basics of the linear programming techniques, noise processes encountered in the optical communication systems, and the fundamentals of queuing theory and its applications in telecommunication networks. (238 words)

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