Investment, the Capital Stock, and Economic Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Andrew Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Capital Stock ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Corporation Tax ◽  
Hurdle Rate ◽  
Investment Response ◽  
The Relationship

Of the constituents of NTV only corporation tax and the hurdle rate seem credible targets for policy changes designed to boost labour productivity. The hurdle rate is stable over the long term so corporate investment usually responds to changes in RoE. It did so until 2000 but not since. The relationship between investment and corporation tax shows similar stability until the breakdown in 2000. These relationships provide the link between the level of investment and the growth of the capital stock. The sharp change in the investment response to favourable changes in tax and RoEs must have occurred because of an adverse change in one or more of the other constituents of NTV. But all constituents have changed in a favourable direction except the hurdle rate, whose change must have caused the current low level of tangible investment.

The UK Is Similar to the US

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Andrew Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Capital Stock ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Corporation Tax ◽  
The Us ◽  
Perverse Incentives ◽  
Zero Growth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

The UK resembles the US, with similar adverse changes in demography and productivity. Sharp falls in investment in both countries started well before 2008 and caused the subsequent slow growth in the net capital stock and labour productivity. The UK has experienced a similar rise in management pay and bonuses, so it is probable that the decline in investment and productivity in the UK is also the result of the perverse incentives of the bonus culture. Poor data means that the relationship between investment corporation tax and RoE cannot be tested for the UK. Like the US, however, large companies have been the main cause of the decline in investment and productivity. Brexit is likely to depress real living standards and amplify the problem of low to zero growth.

Research on Uplink Semi-Persistent Scheduling in LTE System

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1952-1956
Author(s):  
Ji Ke Gao ◽  
De Min Zhang ◽  
Fa Tang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Online Games ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Evolution System ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Collision Processes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Relationship

In LTE(Long Term Evolution) system, scheduling plays an important role in the process of allocating resource. LTE system puts forward semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) for new applications such as VoIP(Voice on Internet Protocol) and online games. Considering the problem of resource collision in SPS HARQ(Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) process, we explore the relationship between uplink semi-persistent scheduling period and the number of semi-persistent transmissions, and propose two novel solutions. One is choosing specific uplink semi-persistent period for different uplink/downlink (UL/DL) configurations and the number of transmissions. The other is delaying collision processes for the configuration of small uplink period. The analysis proves that the two solutions can reduce the collision probability and improve the stability of LTE system.

War and the State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ball
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
British State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter characterizes the relationship of the British state to war over the long term. It analyses two epistemic turning points for the war–state relationship, one occurring in the 1860s, the other in the 1970s. It explains the importance of war to the British state under the ‘fiscal security’ compromise.The chapter traces the long and uneven emergence of the ‘welfare state’ as a successor to the ‘warfare state’. It argues that the ‘warfare state’ paradigm loses much of its empirical and conceptual force if it were to be extended beyond 1970. The relationship of the state to war changed so fundamentally at that point that history, the chapter suggests, ceased to be a useful guide for future conduct.

scholarly journals Capital Structure and Firm Performance in Nigerian-Listed Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3(J)) ◽  
pp. 54-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Adeolu Abata ◽  
Stephen Oseko Migiro
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Business Failures ◽  
The Relationship

a number of business failures have not been reported in Nigeria arising from inability to payback nor does service debts .This paper empirically investigate the relationship between capital structure and firm performance in the Nigerian listed firms. A sample of 30listed firms out of a population of 173 were examined from 2005 to 2014 using multiple regression tools. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested using descriptive statistics and an econometric panel data technique to analyze the gathered data. An insignificantly negative correlation was found between financial leverage and ROA on one hand and a significantly negative relationship between debt/equity mix and ROE on the other hand. It is therefore recommended that firms should use long term liabilities to finance firm’s activities and mix debt/equity appropriately by ensuring that debt financing ratio is lower to enhance corporate performance and survival.

scholarly journals Eliamani's Homestead

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e1488
Author(s):  
Vanessa Wijngaarden
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Relationship

'Eliamani's Homestead' was shot as a result of long-term anthropological research in Tanzania and the translations were created in close cooperation with the Maasai research participants. Originally recorded for research purposes for a project on the relationship between images of and interactions with ‘the other’, the 20-minute single-shot includes jerky camera movements, but was left uncut and without voiceover in order to give the viewer a real-time experience of 'being there'. Within anthropology, the documentary invites to reflect on parallels between anthropology and tourism, and spurs debates regarding reflexivity. It addresses elements of the 'observer paradox' through the almost complete invisibility of the researcher’s camera, which stands in stark contrast with the obtrusive tourist cameras. That is, until Eliamani looks straight into the lens and dismissively comments upon the researcher’s camera too, making researcher and the documentary’s public part of the voyeuristic 'problem' as well. Outside anthropology, it invokes debates about how we see and interact with 'the other' in (cultural) tourism as well as in wider contexts. It thus addresses the question whether and how audiovisual data segments could be used to share anthropological knowledge inside and outside the discipline and academia.

scholarly journals Brand as an innovation—The case of Czech wine

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Jan Zavodny Pospisil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The Czech Republic is not a typical wine-growing country, yet winemaking and viticulture are among the oldest Czech crafts. Although the situation is slightly improving today, domestic wine production is not very preferred by Czech consumers since more than two-thirds of the wine that Czechs drink each year is imported. In the long term, the worst situation prevailed with the sales of a young wine. The cause was twofold: On the one hand, the market was already penetrated by imported Beaujolais nouveau, which became a synonym for the young wine. On the other, a peculiar Czechs’ taste for young wine was also an obstacle. As a young wine, many Czechs drink partially fermented must from grapevine fruits called “Burčák”. The young wine market was therefore seemingly penetrated with a low possibility of new brands entering it. The proposed case study will describe an ongoing campaign in which a new brand, “Svatomartinské víno”, was created. With this brand, it was possible to change the Czech consumers’ view of immature wines fundamentally. Thanks to the innovative branding approach, the product, which Czech consumers had neglected for many years, became a superior and must-have product for broad consumers. Also, the relationship between the brand and consumers has been established. The new brand has become a potential for many other related events. Last but not least, the consumption of domestic wine increased, which led to the support of local wineries and related regions.

The Initiation of Long-Term Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia: Dosage and Side Effect Comparisons Between Oral and Depot Fluphenazine*

1976 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina R. Schooler ◽  
J. Levine ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis report focuses on two comparisons between oral and depot fluphenazine specifically FPZ decanoate: 1) can equivalent dosages for the two drugs be established and do these equivalencies change over six months of treatment; 2) what are the side effects seen with the two drugs during the early weeks of administration.Patients in the study receive either oral or depot FPZ as the active treatment but in order to preserve double blind conditions, they are also given the other treatment in placebo form. No dosage equivalence is established by the protocol, however, if dosage is adjusted, both forms must be changed and in the same direction. During the first weeks of treatment there is a linear relationship between the two dosage forms but a range of relatively low dosages of the oral compound (5-20 mg) is associated with a single dose (25 mg/q 3 weeks) of FPZ decanoate. At higher dosages of the oral drug the relationship is linear. Side effects of some kind are noted in over 60 percent of patients in both treatment groups after four weeks of treatment, while symptoms of at least moderate severity occur in almost 40 percent. Only symptoms involving the extrapyramidal system and sleep disturbance are observed in more than 20 percent of the patients. Benztropine was prescribed only if needed and was administered to 65 percent of patients. In general, those receiving benztropine had more side effects than those who did not. These differences reached significance for extrapyramidal symptoms and depression.Based on these data, we conclude that at the dosages used in this study there are no side effect differences between these two forms of fluphenazine in the early weeks of administration. Dosage equivalence between the two drugs can be set within the range of 5- 60 mg/day oral and 12.5-100 mg/three weeks depot.

scholarly journals Human history and palaeoenvironmental change at Site 17, Freshwater Beach, Lizard Island, northeast Queensland, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Lentfer ◽  
Matthew W. Felgate ◽  
Robynne A. Mills ◽  
Jim Specht
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Human History ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Change ◽  
Lizard Island ◽  
Reef Islands ◽  
The Relationship

Late Holocene patterns of change in occupation and use of islands along the eastern coast of Queensland have long been debated in terms of various drivers, though much of this discussion relates to regions south of Cairns, with comparatively little study of the far northern Great Barrier Reef islands. The numerous middens, stone arrangements and art sites on Lizard Island suggest long-term use by Indigenous people, but recent discoveries of pottery give tantalising glimpses of a prehistoric past that may have included a prehistoric economy involving pottery. Here we review previous archaeological surveys and studies on Lizard Island and report on new archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies from the Site 17 midden at Freshwater Beach, with an oldest date of 3815–3571 cal BP. We identify two major changes in the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records, one associated with more recent European influences and the other at c.2000 cal BP. Pottery from the intertidal zone is as yet undated. When dates become available the relationship between the Site 17 results reported here and the use of pottery on the island may be clarified.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Causes of Russian Foreign Policy Changes: Incoherent Biographical Narrative, Recognition and Russia's Ontological Security-Seeking

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-81
Author(s):  
Tanya Narozhna
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between international practices of recognition and state quest for ontological security, on the one hand, and Russia's most recent identity makeover as well as increasingly aggressive foreign policy, on the other. I argue that in order to understand Russia's growing belligerence in foreign and security policies we need to examine the connection between Western refusal to recognize Russia's great power self-image, the effects this refusal has had on Russia's ontological security, and a subsequent shift in Russia's self-description from pro-Western to civilizational.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AIRLINES’ SIZE AND LABOUR COSTS ON PROFITABILITY

Aviation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Matías Ginieis ◽  
Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara ◽  
María Victòria Sánchez-Rebull
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

It is important to examine profitability in the aviation sector and the factors that may affect it, due to their relevance for the airlines’ survival. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of three internal business characteristics,namely labour costs, labour productivity and company size, on airlines’ profitability, considering the airline type as a moderating effect. We have collected data of 190 European airlines during a 10-year period (2004–2013) which allowed us to create an unbalanced panel of 1,364 observations. Four types of airlines are considered. Results show that cost per employee has a positive influence on economic performance, especially for major carriers and regional carriers. It is also confirmed that the carrier type influences the relationship between labour costs, labour productivity and company size on the one hand, and economic returns on the other. These findings are relevant as they improve our understanding of economic profitability in different airlines’ types.

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