Apostrophizing the King

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-102
Author(s):  
Oliver Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Richard Ii ◽  
Single Passage ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Claim

This chapter offers an extended close reading of a single passage from Richard II—the ugly altercation between Bolingbroke and Mowbray in 1.1—and, in particular, of the moment at which Bolingbroke turns away from (or ‘apostrophizes’) the king in order to castigate his rival directly. It seeks to establish the social meaning of this action by placing it in the context of early modern expectations about royal etiquette and trial proceedings. The central claim is that Bolingbroke’s apostrophe is his first act of rebellion. By apostrophizing Richard he assumes the right to decide who speaks when—usurping the king’s interactional role in the same way that he will later usurp his throne.

scholarly journals El linaje de Aza durante los siglos XIII y XIV: declive y resurgimiento = The Aza Lineage during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: Decline and Resurgence.

2019 ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Iván García Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Alfonso X ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment

El linaje de Aza fue un modesto grupo aristocrático castellano que adquirió cuotas de poder y cierta notoriedad durante algunas fases de su existencia. Historiográficamente su interés ha pasado un tanto desapercibido a ojos de los especialistas. De hecho, para la etapa comprendida entre los siglos XIII y XIV sólo contamos con un trabajo específico elaborado en época moderna por el genealogista Luis de Salazar y Castro, bastante cuestionable en algunas partes de su relato. Nuestra propuesta trata de acercarse a este grupo nobiliario en ese mismo intervalo temporal, con especial atención al trayecto que transcurre entre los reinados de Alfonso X y Alfonso XI, tratando de superar la mera concepción dinástica en base a dos objetivos. El primero, posicionando a sus integrantes dentro de la escala social del momento. El segundo, calibrando su alcance económico y su capacidad señorial en la Meseta Norte.AbstractThe Aza lineage was a modest Castilian aristocratic group that acquired quotas of power and certain fame during certain phases of its existence. However, it has received relatively little attention on the part of scholarship throughout the ages. In fact, for the period between the thirteenth and the fourteenth centuries, there is only one study by the early-modern genealogist Luis de Salazar y Castro, of questionable merit in certain aspects of his narrative. We seek to examine this aristocratic group over that same period, and with special attention to the trajectory between the reigns of Alfonso X and Alfonso XI of Castile, going beyond a merely descriptive dynastic approach by concentrating on two questions: Firstly, we will consider the position of the family members within the social hierarchy of the moment; and, secondly, we will gauge the family’s economic power and its seigneurial capacity in the northern plateau region (Meseta Norte).

scholarly journals Drawing the line on physician-assisted death

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A Jansen ◽  
Steven Wall ◽  
Franklin G Miller
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Assisted Death ◽  
Terminally Ill Patients ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
The Right

Drawing the line on physician assistance in physician-assisted death (PAD) continues to be a contentious issue in many legal jurisdictions across the USA, Canada and Europe. PAD is a medical practice that occurs when physicians either prescribe or administer lethal medication to their patients. As more legal jurisdictions establish PAD for at least some class of patients, the question of the proper scope of this practice has become pressing. This paper presents an argument for restricting PAD to the terminally ill that can be accepted by defenders as well as critics of PAD for the terminally ill. The argument appeals to fairness-based paternalism and the social meaning of medical practice. These two considerations interact in various ways, as the paper explains. The right way to think about the social meaning of medical practice bears on fair paternalism as it relates to PAD and vice versa. The paper contends that these considerations have substantial force when directed against proposals to extend PAD to non-terminally ill patients, but considerably less force when directed against PAD for the terminally ill. The paper pays special attention to the case of non-terminally ill patients who suffer from treatment-resistant depression, as these patients present a potentially strong case for extending PAD beyond the terminally ill.

scholarly journals Early Modern Ottoman Politics of Emotion: What Has Love Got to Do With It?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (02-03) ◽  
pp. 132-154
Author(s):  
Nil Tekgül
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Political Language ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Ottoman History ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Despite a growing interest worldwide in the history of emotions, the topic has attracted the attention of scholars of Ottoman history only recently. In an attempt to understand the motivations underlying political undertakings, this article explores emotions, with a specific focus on mahabbet (love) and merhamet (compassion). It examines the social meaning attached to and the cultural importance of love and compassion in early modern Ottoman political language. I claim that as a socially constructed and political emotion, compassion was historically and culturally significant, serving as a tool to formulate political relations of domination and subordination.

scholarly journals Traveling Libraries: The Arabic Manuscripts of Muley Zidan and the Escorial Library

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hershenzon
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Early Modern Spain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Locked Doors ◽  
The Escorial

In 1612, a Spanish fleet captured a French ship whose stolen cargo included the entire manuscript collection of the Sultan of Morocco, Muley Zidan. Soon, the collection made its way to the royal library, El Escorial, transforming the library into an important repository of Arabic books, which, since then, Arabists from across Europe sought to visit. By focusing on the social life of the collection, from the moment of its capture up through the process of its incorporation into the Escorial, this article examines three related issues: the first regards the social trajectories of books and the elasticity of their meaning and function, which radically altered in nature. The second part of the article examines the circulation of the Moroccan manuscripts in relation to a complex economy of restrictions over the reading and possession of Arabic manuscripts in early modern Spain. Finally, the third part focuses on the political and legal debates that ensued the library’s capture, when the collection became the locus of international negotiations between Spain, Morocco, France and the Dutch United Provinces over Maritime law, captives, and banned knowledge. By placing and analyzing the journey of Zidan’s manuscripts within the context of Mediterranean history, the paper explains (1) why Spain established one of the largest collections of Arabic manuscripts exactly when it was cleansing its territories of Moriscos (Spanish forcibly converted Muslims), and (2) why the Moroccan collection was kept behind locked doors at the Escorial.

“Striking the Right Note”: Thomas Dallam′s Negotiation of Alterity in Istanbul (1599)

Paragrana ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Sabine Lucia Müller
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Binary Forms ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis paper starts by exploring contemporary perceptions of Thomas Dallam (born c. 1570, died after 1614), an English organ maker who is cast as a worthy predecessor of contemporary tourists. After considering the significance of such presentist styling of Dallam as an early 'director′ of an Orientalist gaze, the argument turns to Dallam′s account of his visit to the Ottoman court. While the asymmetry of power relations (Marie Louise Pratt) evident in Dallam′s description has been defused by the text′s popular reception in Britain, this paper participates in contemporary scholarly attempts at recontextualising Dallam′s travel account within its historical setting. A close reading of Dallam′s text establishes it as a poignant example of early modern cultural encounters “before Orientalism” (Richmond Barbour). Dallam′s text points to specific moments during which the performative character of the encounter disrupts textual closure and binary forms of signification. His account is truly remarkable for its representation of Dallam′s ongoing negotiation of both his experience of cultural encounter and of existing reductive preconceptions about Ottoman culture and society.

scholarly journals Akibat Hukum dari Wanprestasi dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Secara Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Ryan Prastya Mariata Putra ◽  
Ida Ayu Putu Widiasti ◽  
Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Legal Consequences

The influence of globalization that occurs today has made information and communication technology became something very important for society because it presents a world without boundaries, distance, space, and time. This has made changes to the lifestyles of the people as well as changed the social, economic, cultural, security, and law enforcement. This research was conducted with the aim of describing the rights and obligations of the parties in an Instagram trade agreement and the legal consequences of negligence on an Instagram trade agreement. This research was conducted using normative legal research methods. The results of this study showed that the rights and obligations of the parties to the engagement on Instagram are regulated in the PK Law. Consumers and business actors have their respective rights and obligations. In addition, the legal consequences for a debtor/party who has the obligation to perform in the engagement but has committed negligence, namely: he must pay compensation suffered by the creditor/party who has the right to receive achievement (vide Article 1243 of the Civil Code); he must accept the decision of the engagement accompanied by payment of compensation (vide Article 1267 of the Civil Code); he must accept the transfer of risk from the moment of failure (vide Article 1237 paragraph (2) of the Civil Code); and he must pay court fees if litigated in court (vide Article 181 paragraph (1) HIR).

‘richesse in fassone and in fairness’: Marriage, Manhood and Sartorial Splendour for Sixteenth-century Scottish Kings

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-396
Author(s):  
Lucinda H. S. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
James Iv ◽  
The Moment

Marriage was a prominent ‘life-stage’ ritual linked to achievement of the hegemonic manly state in the early modern period: it was associated with self-control and was seen as a stabilising force against the ‘follies of youth’. James IV (1488–1513), James V (1513–1542) and James VI (1567–1625) came to the throne as minors and their weddings provided particularly potent opportunities for shaping their identity both at home and abroad. Clothing was a crucial element of the social dialogue performed by both men and women in late medieval and early modern Europe. Dress, of the royal person and of others, was a mode of display in which all three monarchs invested heavily at the moment of their weddings. By offering a comparative analysis of the investment in sartorial splendour and the use of dress and personal adornment through a gendered lens, this article demonstrates how clothing and adornments were used to make statements about both manhood and royal status by three sixteenth-century Stewart kings attempting to secure their place in the homosocial hierarchy.

Knowing Our Limits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Collective Inquiry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Right

Changing our minds isn’t easy. Even when we recognize our views are disputed by intelligent and informed people, we rarely doubt our rightness. Why is this so? How can we become more open-minded, putting ourselves in a better position to tolerate conflict, advance collective inquiry, and learn from differing perspectives in a complex world? In this engrossing, provocative book, Nathan Ballantyne defends the indispensable role of epistemology in tackling these issues. For early modern philosophers, the point of reflecting on inquiry was to understand how our beliefs are often distorted by prejudice and self-interest, and to improve the foundations of human knowledge. Ballantyne seeks to recover and modernize this classical tradition by vigorously defending an interdisciplinary approach to epistemology, blending philosophical theorizing with insights from the social and cognitive sciences. We need tools to help us think more circumspectly about our controversial views. Ballantyne develops a method for distinguishing between our reasonable and unreasonable opinions, in light of evidence about bias, information overload, and rival experts. This method guides us to greater intellectual openness—in the spirit of skeptics from Socrates to Montaigne to Bertrand Russell—making us more inclined to admit that sometimes we don’t have the right answers. With vibrant prose and fascinating examples from science and history, Ballantyne shows how epistemology can help us know our limits.

The culture of reconciliation: community and the settlement of economic disputes in early modern England

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Muldrew
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Christian Love ◽  
Primary Means

ABSTRACTThe period from 1550 to 1640 saw a tremendous rise in the amount of litigation initiated in England. Although the pattern of this great expansion is known, its social meaning is not yet clear. Litigation has, paradoxically, been interpreted as both the barometer of a breakdown in social relations, or alternatively as a functional means of dispute settlement. Here this problem will be addressed by placing the initiation of litigation within the context of the social practices and events which led to disputes, and also by looking at how contemporaries reacted to, and interpreted these events, both publicly and privately. Most litigation arose out of economic disputes concerning credit and contracts, and this was a result of the growth of marketing in the period. Such disputes were seen as threatening to the social order, and were something which contemporaries took very seriously. The primary means of dealing with disputes was to attempt to initiate a community negotiated Christian reconciliation between the disputing parties in order to maintain social peace and concord. But as the market grew more complex, and disputes became more difficult to resolve, increasingly the authority of the law had to be invoked. This in turn led to the development of a more pessimistic language of social relations which stressed that any form of positive sociability could only be maintained under an institutional umbrella created by the threat of authority. As a result, community relations and reconciliation, although still defined in terms of Christian love and charity, came to be seen as more functional than normative because of the massive interjection of the civil law into day to day life.

Geleit, Geleitsrecht und Juden im Mittelalter

Aschkenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-77
Author(s):  
Markus J. Wenninger
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract Safe conduct functioned in the Middle Ages and in the Early Modern period to provide a particular safety to travelers with proper protection on the one hand; on the other, it was practiced as an authoritative tool for the establishment of income and the control over travelers. Since the 13th century, a development of particular safe-conduct evolved, to which also tax-like dues were inherent. From its beginning, Jews, too, were integrated into this system – both as those receiving safe conduct and, especially in the 14th century, also investors, who leased tax revenues from local lords. Receiving safe-conduct was imperative to Jews in the later periods of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern age because of their mobility for trade and moneylending businesses. From the 14th century on, the social position of the Jews in Germany significantly worsened, and they were increasingly expelled from many cities and territories. Hence, Jews were only allowed to enter specific cities if they paid for the specific safe conduct. Contrary to earlier times, this did not include protection anymore, but merely the permission to enter the city. This essay describes this development by examining several case studies from the 13th to the early 16th centuries. One focus rests on the reign of Emperor Maximilian I, from which stem several revealing cases. From the safe conduct, which was granted to Jews, the term »Judengeleit« (safe-conduct for Jews, often simply called »safe-conduct/Geleit«) was developed in the 14th century, determining the acceptance and the right of abode for Jews in the cities and territories, which were common especially in the western regions of Germany. This phenomenon is discussed in this essay only concerning its formation and not regarding its further development.

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