Subsentential Metasemantics

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Neil Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Moral Attitude ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Correct Application

A subsentential metasemantics provides an explanation of the meaning of subsentential parts. Practical expressivism holds that moral predicates’ contribution to the explanation of meaning is a function from the subject of a sentence to a moral attitude directed at that subject. Similarly, non-moral or descriptive predicates contribute a function from the subject of a sentence to a descriptive representation (a belief) that attributes a property to that subject. These claims are consistent with standard views of quantifiers as allowing us to make claims about the scope of the correct application of the predicates they govern, and tenses as delineating the range of subjects to which those predicates apply. The explanation of meaning provided by practical expressivism is potentially compatible with truth-conditional semantic theories so long as practical expressivists can claim that moral sentences are truth-apt.

Pronominal Non-Core Datives in Syrian Arabic

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36
Author(s):  
Nisrine Al-Zahre ◽  
Nora Boneh
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Implicature ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Syntactic Properties

In this paper we describe the pragmatic, lexical and syntactic properties of the Syrian Arabic Coreferential Dative Construction (CDC), featuring a dative element bearing agreement features which are identical to those of the subject in the clause, the Coreferential Dative (CD), and an obligatory expression of attenuative vague measure, described by us in Al-Zahre & Boneh (2010). We first show that the CD, which has no truth conditional meaning, contributes to the creation of a Conventional Implicature (Horn 2004, Potts 2005). Second, we propose a way to compositionally integrate the CD into the derivation of these constructions by arguing that the visible pronominal features are non-referential but rather the morphological reflex of checked uninterpretable phi-features on a defective applicative head. To couch the analysis in a wider context, we show how it can extend to other categories of non-core dative in Syrian Arabic.

Experience, Knowledge, and Political Representation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Peter Allen
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Strategic Implication

Abstract Evidence suggests that increasing the descriptive representation of groups improves their substantive representation. What underpins this link? Many scholars writing on the subject stop short of arguing explicitly that it is “shared experience” within groups. I argue that we should embrace the potential conceptual and empirical benefits of framing representation through experience. To do this, we should think of experience specifically in terms of the epistemic content and capacities gained through subjective experience, which can allow individuals to think about the world in distinct ways. I reframe the idea that experiences might be shared within groups and ameliorate concerns that the concept is essentialist, drawing out the political relevance of my argument. This has the strategic implication that we should be unafraid to argue in favor of political presence on the basis of (shared) experience and the empirical implication that future research should consider subjective experience more closely.

scholarly journals Fundamentos teóricos de la mecánica corporal en la movilización de pacientes en el ámbito de enfermería

Más Vita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Jefferson Zanzzi Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Full Advantage ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Health Objective

Introducción: Existe un conglomerado importante de fundamento teórico que en su discurso sustenta la importancia de la mecánica corporal en la medicina, por ser una actividad completa; su correcta aplicación garantiza una buena salud. Objetivo: Describir los fundamentos teóricos de la mecánica corporal en la movilización de pacientes en el ámbito de la enfermería. Metodología: Documental, descriptiva. Resultados: Diversos estudios demuestran que las lesiones musculo-esqueléticas en el personal de enfermería, en un porcentaje alto se deben a la aplicación inadecuada de la mecánica corporal durante la movilización de pacientes. Conclusión:La bibliografía consultada revela: en el ámbito de la enfermería se refleja desconocimiento en el tema de la mecánica corporal en la movilización de pacientes, antes, durante o después de la ejecución de procedimientos, lo cual es causante de lesiones musculo-esqueléticas en el personal de enfermería. Recomendación: Es un deber para el personal de enfermería aplicar la mecánica corporal en todas las acciones que realiza en la práctica consigo mismo y también con el paciente, aprovechando al máximo la energía que brinda, el bienestar que ofrece a ambos y la prevención que trae consigo ante posibles lesiones músculo-esqueléticas. Palabras clave: Mecánica Corporal, Personal de Enfermería, Movilización. AbstractIntroduction: There is an important conglomerate of theoretical foundation, which in its speech supports the importance of body mechanics in medicine as a complete activity; because its correct application guarantees good health. Objective: Describe the theoretical foundations of body mechanics in the mobilization of patients in the field of Nursing. Methodology: Documentary, descriptive. Results:Several studies show that musculoskeletal injuries in nursing staff, in a high percentage, are due to improper application of body mechanics during patient mobilization. Conclusion: The bibliography consulted reveals that in the nursing field the subject of body mechanics in the mobilization of patients, before, during or after the execution of procedures is unknown, which is the cause of musculoskeletal injuries in nursing staff. Recommendation: It is a duty for the nursing staff to apply body mechanics in all the actions they perform in practice with themselves and also with the patient, taking full advantage of the energy it provides, the well-beingit offers to both and the prevention it brings before possible musculoskeletal injuries. Keywords: Body Mechanics, Nursing Personnel, Mobilization.

CRITICAL THINKING IN ACTIVITIES OF AN INVESTIGATOR (COURT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
S. N. Merkulov ◽  
◽  
N. A. Panko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dynamic Structures ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Negative Factors

The paper considers the concept of critical thinking of investigators, judges, and other subjects of criminal proceedings. Its application is determined by the realities of current investigative and judicial practice. The authors note the shortcomings of the mechanism for collecting and processing evidentiary information in the investigation (judicial examination) of criminal cases. The study shows the prospects of applying critical thinking to understanding the situation of the investigation (consideration) of a case. The paper presents the advantages of a situational approach to the examination of a criminal event under the influence of negative factors. Such factors are defined as those that lead to the destruction, distortion, or falsification of evidence. The situational approach guarantees the completeness and comprehensiveness of processing the obtained evidentiary information. From the informational point of view, the authors specify the static and dynamic structures of critical thinking of subjects of criminal proceedings. The paper defines the thinking of an investigator and the court as the process of transferring the circumstances of an event under investigation (consideration) into the system of elements of the subject of evidence. Critical thinking aims at resolving contradictions between the sources of evidence. The complex nature of thinking defines criticality. This allows the subject of criminal proceedings to make proper decisions in the face of negative factors. The reliability criterion becomes an indicator of the quality of critical thinking. This criterion is included in the system of the concept of critical thinking formulated in the paper. The structure of critical thinking includes the methodology of scientific research, scientific worldview, ways of forming internal beliefs, and algorithms for making heuristic decisions. The authors outline the ways of critical thinking formation among investigators and judges, and other subjects of criminal proceedings. The study shows that it is based on the system of professional knowledge of subjects of criminal proceedings, is confirmed by the development of practical techniques for analyzing carriers of forensic information. The correct application of the evaluation method to establish the reliability of evidence is called an indicator of mastering such thinking.

scholarly journals Administrative responsibility for the violation of public order and safety rules movement on railway transport

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Rustam Agakaryan
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railroad Tracks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Objective Side ◽  
Subjective Side ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

Questions regarding qualification of administrative offences established under Art. 109 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences. Their implication in the service sector of JSC «Ukrainian railways» is illustrated. Identified gaps in the legal regulation of administrative responsibility and rules of citizens’ behaviour on railway transport. Over the past five years almost 20,000 offenses under Art. 109 of Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses were commited. Their legal analysis is necessary for the correct application of the law provisions that establish administrative responsibility and govern the relations that represent the object of these offenses. As a result of analysis of the bodies of administrative offences under the Art.109 of Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses the deficiencies of legal regulation under administrative law of relations of responsibility and relations that constitute the objects of these offenses were identified. In Part 3 of Article 109, two offenses are represented, that differ by both — the object and the objective side. Use of different categories for the formulation of rules that affect the characteristics of both — objective and subjective sides of the offense under Part 6 of Article 109 of Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, namely: «to place objects on rails», «to leave objects on the raiway tracks», «to put objects on railway tracks» complicates the qualification of this offence. Key words: Administrative offences, the Ukrainian railway, the legal relations, the object, the objective side, the subject, the subjective side of the administrative offense, the placing objects on the railroad tracks.

scholarly journals Sandor Varjas and debate about historical materialism

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Dmitri Petrovich Mochalov
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Questions

The purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between historical methodology and philosophy on the basis of early Soviet discussions about historical materialism. The appeal to this topic is considered as a generalization of the experience passed by the Russian methodology of history and at the same time as an attempt to rehabilitate the idea of the relationship between philosophy and private sciences after the historiographical situation of perestroika and the post-Soviet period. Interaction with philosophy is considered as a solution to the methodological crisis in historical science. In this study, based on the discussion between the mechanist philosopher A.I. Varjas and the dialectical philosophers N.A. Karev and V.F. Asmus, various approaches to the implementation of Marxs methodological propositions in relation to historical and philosophical research are considered. The discussion is considered using a number of materials that provide an understanding of the context of intellectual thought of those years. The conclusion is made about the dependence of the meaning of specific methodological provisions on one or another interpretation of general philosophical questions by the researcher. The relationship between ontology and the subject area of science is illustrated, and the significance of this area for the correct application of the method is shown. Special emphasis is placed on the interpenetration of the positions of the debating parties and their evolution in the time perspective. The conducted research allowed us to outline further prospects for generalizing the experience of the national methodology of history and confirm a number of previously put forward provisions.

scholarly journals Problematic aspects of the correlation of civil and tax legislation in the context of inheritance succession in tax legal relations

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Oleh Pecheniy
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
The Right ◽  
Law Of Succession

In the article the analysis of the correlation of civil and tax legislation on the example of inheritance succession in tax legal relations. The problematic perspective of the interaction and influence of civil and tax law is one of the constant problems of the national legal system, which is modified under the influence of various factors. As this problem has been the subject of scientific research in the theory of law, relevant sectoral directions, the task of this scientific publication focuses on the issues of determining the ratio of civil and tax law in the interaction of hereditary and tax relations, burdened by succession in succession. The author probed the questions practice of courts in resolving disputes regarding the collection of tax debt in the event of the death of the defendant, procedural actions and court decisions. The author studies court decisions and relevant practice on closing the proceedings or refusing to open in the event of the death of the defendant, when the disputed tax relations do not allow succession. The article explores the application of civil legislation to relations that arose before entry into force. The features of the simplified production are examined in matters about an inheritance. In the article are formulated the signs of judicial cases about an inheritance and tax, related to subject composition, matter of action, inheritance time, other descriptions. The author affected the questions of forming of judicial practice, roles of Supreme Court in correct application of legislation courts about an inheritance. A circleof legally meaningful actions, which may be inherited from the side of subjectsof the inherited legal relationships, is outlined. Composition of inheritance, the right and obligations, whose carrier during the life was the testatorhimself, is analyzed. It is proved, that the composition of inheritance besidesrights and obligations can also includes possibilities and permissions, given bythe law. Key words: inheritance, heirs, tax legal relationship, law of succession.

Moralization and Demoralization in Jewish Ethics

1999 ◽  
pp. 128-143
Author(s):  
Leon Roth
Keyword(s):  
Moral Attitude ◽  
Jewish Ethics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Printed Text ◽  
American Jewish ◽  
To Receive

This chapter takes a look at certain instances of ‘deflation’, or even ‘debasement’, in Jewish ethics. These instances cut very deep. Each pair of readings involves a contrary moral attitude; and it is imperative for us, in the normal workings of our lives, to receive guidance between them. The chapter thus questions if the view of Judaism on the subject of the place of the non-Jew in the restored Jerusalem is that indicated by the Masorah and the American Jewish version; or can we follow the Septuagint and, most explicitly, the Targum, and read the text with a sheva and not a pataḥ? Is the view Judaism on the subject of the sacredness of life that indicated by the printed text of the Mishnah, i.e., apparently, that only Jews count; or can we, with the manuscripts and early authorities and Professor Albeck's second Afterthoughts, omit the word meyisrael? These are important issues, and this chapter considers which of the contrary views one should to account as Judaism.

The Role Played by the ‘Sense of Justice’ in Legal Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 444-468
Author(s):  
Alf Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Attitude ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rational Argumentation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
Sense Of Justice

This chapter discusses the legitimate role played by the sense of justice in scientific legal politics. It begins by introducing a distinction between ‘interests’ (attitudes based upon needs) and ‘moral attitudes’ as a contrasting pair. The standpoint based on interest is always conditioned by certain beliefs, and is thus the subject of justification in a rational argumentation. The moral attitude (the moral sense), on the other hand, is a direct and unconditioned attitude towards a norm of action or a social order. It is irrational in the sense that it is a direct expression of an emotion and inaccessible to justification and argumentation. These considerations concerning interest and moral attitude apply mutatis mutandis to policy considerations and the sense of justice as factors in scientific legal politics. Policy considerations express the evaluation of legal rules on the basis of rational arguments concerning the rules’ actual relevance in relation to presupposed interests. The sense of justice, on the other hand, is a disinterested and inculcated, immediate attitude of approval or disapproval towards a legal norm of action directed toward the social order.

Advanced Control Techniques for Semi-Active Suspension Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gissella Maradey Lazaro ◽  
Kevin Sebastián Cáceres Mojica ◽  
Silvia Juliana Navarro Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Control Technique ◽  
External Control ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Active Suspension Systems ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Correct Application

Abstract Semiactive suspension system provides comfort and precise support for any type of driving in vehicles. Their main feature consists in the modification of the damping coefficient by applying an external control. Commonly, these suspensions work with non-linear dampers, such as magnetorheological, electrorheological, pneumatic, dry friction, among others; which generate a discontinuous behavior of force, causing an annoying noise known as “chattering”; however, this can be deleted by the correct application of the control technique. So, control strategy selection is a key task in the modeling of dynamic behavior and to describe the variation of characteristics, as well as to achieve the best vehicle’s driving experience in terms of comfort, performance, reliability, stability, and safety. This article shows three advanced control techniques used to design a semi-active vehicle suspension taking the quarter car as the model. From the review of the state of the art, relevant works and authors on the subject are reported. After, the application of the control techniques is shown together with the results obtained, specially, the performance of the system is carried out by means of computer simulations in the Matlab/Simulink virtual environment, accompanied by near-reality disturbances to verify the effectiveness of this study.

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