Finding Time for the Old Stone Age

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

Finding Time for the Old Stone Age explores a century of colorful debate over the age of our earliest ancestors. In the mid nineteenth century curious stone implements were found alongside the bones of extinct animals. Humans were evidently more ancient than had been supposed--but just how old were they? There were several clocks for Stone-Age (or Palaeolithic) time, and it would prove difficult to synchronize them. Conflicting timescales were drawn from the fields of geology, palaeontology, anthropology, and archaeology. Anne O'Connor draws on a wealth of lively, personal correspondence to explain the nature of these arguments. The trail leads from Britain to Continental Europe, Africa, and Asia, and extends beyond the world of professors, museum keepers, and officers of the Geological Survey: wine sellers, diamond merchants, papermakers, and clerks also proposed timescales for the Palaeolithic. This book brings their stories to light for the first time--stories that offer an intriguing insight into how knowledge was built up about the ancient British past.

Women and Agency in Bankim’s Rajmohan’s Wife and Tagore’s The Home and The World

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Dhariwal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
English Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Status Of Women

Written almost half a century apart, Rajmohan’s Wife (1864) and The Home and the World (1916) can be read as women centric texts written in colonial India. The plot of both the texts is set in Bengal, the cultural and political centre of colonial India. Rajmohan’s Wife, arguably the first Indian English novel, is one of the first novels to realistically represent ‘Woman’ in the nineteenth century. Set in a newly emerging society of India, it provides an insight into the status of women, their susceptibility and dependence on men. The Home and the World, written at the height of Swadeshi movement in Bengal, presents its woman protagonist in a much progressive space. The paper closely examines these two texts and argues that women enact their agency in relational spaces which leads to the process of their ‘becoming’. The paper analyses this journey of the progress of the self, which starts with Matangini and culminates in Bimala. The paper concludes that women’s journey to emancipation is symbolic of the journey of the nation to independence.

The Two Manias: A Study of the Evolution of the Modern Concept of Mania

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hare
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Dementia Praecox ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
First Time

In the year 1899 there occurred an event which has had great consequence for psychiatry. This was the publication of the sixth edition of Emil Kraepelin's textbook, where he introduced for the first time his distinction between manic-depressive insanity and dementia praecox. It was a distinction which rapidly became accepted almost everywhere in the world, and it still forms the basis of our thinking about the nature of the functional psychoses. Kraepelin's concept of mania was quite different from the concept of mania held during most of the nineteenth century; and so, historically speaking, there are two manias, more or less sharply separated by the Kraepelinian revolution. The purpose of the present essay is to give some account of the term mania in its pre-Kraepelinian sense and of the events which led Kraepelin to his new concept; and also (in Part II) to put forward a new idea of why this revolution came about.

The Rustic Man: The Rural Schoolmaster in Nineteenth-Century France

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Day
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Normal Schools ◽  
Professional Goals ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
The Law ◽  
Insight Into

Historians who have studied French primary education during the nineteenth century, Maurice Gontard, Jacques and Mona Ozouf, and Peter Meyer, have noted the great gains made by the instituteurs and their growing professional-ization from the time of the law of 1833 to the law of the 1880s. Improvements in the quality of teaching derived mainly from the introduction of a national system of normal schools (écoles normales primaires) by the Law on Primary Education of 1833. This article will discuss the history, programs, and organization of these schools and the origin and backgrounds of their students. It will also examine 280 essays written by schoolmasters in 1861 on the state of primary education in the towns and villages of France; these mémoires, written for the most part by graduates of the normal schools, provide first-hand insight into the teacher himself, his professional goals and sense of mission, and how he viewed the world around him in the middle of the last century.

Travelling Through the Rock to the Otherworld: The Shamanic ‘Grammar of Mind’ Within the Rock Art of Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-432
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rozwadowski
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Nature ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cave Art

One of the aspects of the relationship between rock art and shamanism, which has been supposed to be of a universal nature, inspired by trance experience, concerns the intentional integration of the images with rock. Rock surface therefore has been interpreted, in numerous shamanic rock-art contexts, as a veil beyond which the otherworld could be encountered. Such an idea was originally proposed in southern Africa, then within Upper Palaeolithic cave art and also other rock-art traditions in diverse parts of the world. This paper for the first time discusses the relevance of this observation from the perspective of unquestionable shamanic culture in Siberia. It shows that the idea of the otherworld to be found on the other side of the rock actually is a widespread motif of shamanic beliefs in Siberia, and that variants of this belief provide a new mode of insight into understanding the semantics of Siberian rock art. Siberian data therefore support previous hypotheses of the shamanic nature of associating rock images with rock surface.

Renamed: The Living, the Dead, and the Global in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Christianity

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-839
Author(s):  
Hillary Kaell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Global Relations

Abstract Over the nineteenth century, thousands of North Americans and Europeans paid to sponsor and rename foreign children in mission stations across the world. This popular fundraising model has been largely unstudied to date. When the extant records are pieced together, it becomes evident that U.S. Protestants commonly renamed foreign children after their own beloved dead. As a result, these programs offer important insight into how Americans who never traveled abroad still cultivated global subjectivities—in this case, through their connections with other-than-human presences. By nurturing relations with what they viewed as globally active agents, such as God, angels, and the dead, U.S. donors cultivated a sense of themselves as subjects who were Christian, American, and globally active. For mourning families, renaming also seemed to impress their dead’s “qualities” onto foreign children, creating what they viewed as opportunities to collaborate with the dead and reconstitute some aspect of ruptured domestic relations. Focusing on a group often assumed to be the most disenchanted of nineteenth-century moderns—U.S. Protestants in the rising middle class—this article calls for more attention to the “otherworldly” in histories of global relations.

A novel arthritis model induced by wind, damp, cold and heat in female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Chuang Ge ◽  
Jingchao Hao ◽  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Chencheng Li ◽  
Rui Zhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Clear Insight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

Animal models are in constant development to benefit scientific research. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a very complex disease due to its complicated pathogenesis, and patients with rheumatic disease around the world are still unable to obtain effective, simple and curable treatment. In order to obtain a clear insight into the pathogenesis of RA, a rat model was established based on the concept of Bi syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine by simulating the conditions of RA as much as possible via the change in the physical conditions wind, damp, cold and heat (WDCH). For the first time, a new WDCH-induced RA model in female rats was successfully established and evaluated by body-weight change, paw swelling, blood cells analysis, spleen and thymus coefficients, autoantibodies and serum cytokine changes and histopathology. This model is characterised by its objectivity, no exogenous induction, short modelling time, extremely elevated expression level of autoantibodies and obvious histopathological change. The establishment of such a new model may provide more benefits in the research of the pathogenesis of RA.

scholarly journals “I then for the first time felt fearful she might not rally…”: a discourse analysis of the nineteenth century case reports in ophthalmology

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zabielska
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Journal ◽  
American Medical ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Rhetorical Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Significant Attention

The present paper constitutes a qualitative discursive investigation of the nineteenth century case reports from ophthalmology derived from a specialist American medical journal, and focuses on citation as well as on authorial and patient’s presence. Regarding the first aspect, the present study generally confirms the results of the previous research, i.e. significant subjectivity, directness and informal character of the texts at hand. However, it also provides another insight into the scholarly communication in the nineteenth century, focusing on how patients are positioned therein, which has not received significant attention in the literature of the subject. Additionally, the paper offers an overview of the studies on specific aspects of scientific prose of the nineteenth century, including the medical context, as well as attempts to show the relation between the texts analysed and the context of their production and functioning, following the tradition of Genre Rhetorical Studies.

scholarly journals Eastern naturalness versus western artificiality: Rimsky Korsakov's influence on Manoles Kalomoires' early operas

Muzikologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Romanou
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Language Question

In this article the writer investigates the relations between perceptions of the East and the West in nineteenth century Greece, their connection to national identity, to the language question and to political tendencies. The composer Manoles Kalomoires was influenced by a group of progressive intellectuals striving to liberate Greek literature and language from its dependence on Ancient Greek legacy, a dependence motivated by Western idealists (who saw in the Greek Revolution of 1821 a renaissance of Ancient Greece). Most were educated in the West, but promoted an oriental image of Greeks. Kalomoires' musical expression of this image was inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's Sheherazade and the Golden Cockerel. In 1909-910 he wrote an unfinished opera, Mavrianos and the King, on the model of the Golden Cockerel. He later used this music in his best known opera, The Mother's Ring (1917). In the present article the similarities in the three works are for the first time shown. An essential influence from Rimsky-Korsakov's work is the contrast between the world of freedom, nature and fantasy and that of oppression.

Surficial geology mapping at the Geological Survey of Canada: its evolution to meet Canada's changing needs

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Surficial Geology ◽  
Descriptive Information ◽  
The World

The Geological Survey of Canada has been making surficial geology observations since it was founded in 1842. In addition to geological interest, early surficial geology information was gathered to aid in agriculture, forestry, hydrogeology, and engineering. The first regional surficial geology map was published in 1863, and since the early 1880's systematic surficial geology mapping has been a facet of the Survey's work.The first surficial geology specialist, R. Chalmers, worked for the Geological Survey during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. From then until 1930, when an official surficial geology unit was established, the Survey always had at least one surficial geologist on staff. From 1930 until 1960 groundwater-related studies were a major focus of surficial geology work. From 1950 to 1970 surficial geology mapping efforts were expanded to meet the demands generated by a booming economy. Since 1970 in addition to traditional uses, surficial geology information has been adapted to locating orebodies and evaluating environmental impacts.Early map legends presented surficial materials as stratigraphic units, or in terms of genesis and texture with little description or explanation. By the 1930's, the legend had evolved into a brief descriptive paragraph similar to that used on many Geological Survey of Canada maps today. With demands of the 1970's and 1980's for detailed descriptive information, especially to aid in assessing environmental impacts, new parameter legends were developed and extensive descriptive tables attached to maps. The current challenge is to adapt surficial geology mapping to the world of the geographic information system.

1871‒1877

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-120
Author(s):  
Ian Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Real Character ◽  
Te Deum ◽  
The World ◽  
Hymn Tunes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sacred Songs ◽  
Arthur Sullivan

By now widely recognized as England’s leading composer, Arthur Sullivan devoted the first half of the 1870s to sacred works, including a massive Te Deum to celebrate the recovery of the Prince of Wales from typhoid fever (1872), his most significant oratorio, The Light of the World (1873), forty-two original hymn tunes and seventy-five hymn tune arrangements and numerous sacred songs and ballads. The Light of the World broke significant new ground by dispensing with a narrator and for the first time in English oratorio making Jesus a real character who appeared and sang and interacted with other characters. As well as acting as editor for a major Anglican hymnal, Church Hymns and Tunes (1874), Sullivan wrote numerous hymn tunes, including the ever-popular ST GERTRUDE for ‘Onward, Christian soldiers’ and NOEL for ‘It came upon the midnight clear’. He may also have had a hand in ST CLEMENT for ‘The day, Thou gavest, Lord, is ended’. In 1877, sitting at the bedside of his dying brother, he wrote the tune for his sacred ballad, ‘The Lost Chord’ which became the best-selling song of the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document