Plankton and Fisheries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Brander
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Boundary Currents ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
Plankton Production ◽  
Eastern Boundary Currents ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the dependence of fish on plankton and the relationship between plankton productivity and fisheries production. The dependence of fish production on plankton production is self-evident, since carbon fixation by photosynthetic phytoplankton forms the base of the marine food chain that leads to fish. Fisheries production is highest in areas of high plankton production, including upwelling areas (e.g. eastern boundary currents), fronts, and shelf seas with high nutrient supply. Marine mammals, seabirds, and fish that are capable of migrating over long distances often congregate to feed in these high productivity areas. However, it is generally not possible to infer fluctuations in annual fisheries yields from information on primary production, and even the average relationship for the nine areas together may be quite weak.

scholarly journals Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Manhai Long ◽  
Maria Wielsøe ◽  
Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Perfluorodecanoic Acid ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Marine Food

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organchlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and heavy metals bioaccumulate in the marine food chain in the Arctic regions, and thus, the Greenlandic population has a higher body burden due to relatively high intake of marine mammals. We assessed the temporal trend for POPs, including PCB 153; 1,1-dichloro−2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p’-DDE); oxychlordane; six PFASs; mercury; lead and selenium in Inuit from Ilulissat, Nuuk, and across Greenland (including thirteen towns/districts), from 1994 to 2015. Data showed a significant annual decrease of 6.85–8.61% for PCB153, 6.67–8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 6.11–9.52% for oxychlordane, 5.92–6.76% for mercury and 6.48–9.43% for lead in Inuit women from Nuuk, Ilulissat, and across thirteen Greenlandic districts. The blood selenium level of all Greenlandic women increased 1.01% annually, while the trend direction was negative for Nuuk women. A similar pattern was seen for men across Greenland, with a yearly decrease of 11.3% for PCB 153, 8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 15.6% for oxychlordane, 13.1% for mercury and 12.2% for lead. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid significantly decreased 5.82–11.7% annually for both women and men across Greenland. For perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid, we observed an increasing trend for women across Greenland. In conclusion, there was a decreasing trend of the regulated POPs and metals but a potential increasing trend of the nonregulated PFASs in the Greenlandic population between 1994 and 2015. The continuing biomonitoring of contaminants of concern is important to protect the Arctic population heath.

scholarly journals Trends in the abundance of picophytoplankton due to changes in boundary currents and by marine heat waves in Australian coastal waters from IMOS National Reference Stations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL G THOMSON ◽  
CHARITHA B PATTIARATCHI
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Boundary Currents ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Photosynthetic Cells

The picophytoplankton, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, are small photosynthetic cells (< 3µm diameter) important in the world’s tropical oceans. With a large surface area to volume ratio these cells are very responsive to their environment, and their distribution and abundance make them good indicators of variability in our coastal oceans. To understand change in Australian waters, we used flow cytometry to analyse monthly samples of picophytoplankton (2009 – 2017) from 2 Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) National Reference Stations (NRS) in southern Australia. We found clear seasonal patterns in abundance from Rottnest Island (Western Australia) and Maria Island (Tasmania) due to seasonality in flows of the Leeuwin and East Australian Currents. However, our data also shows that the abundance of the tropical picophytoplankton in southern Australian waters is increasing due to strengthening boundary currents and more intense eddies on the east coast and through the effects of marine heat waves on the west coast. This is significant as it points to fundamental changes in the size and community composition of phytoplankton at the base of the marine food chain. Our data also highlight how sustained ocean biodiversity observations help us understand our changing oceans.

scholarly journals Epibenthic Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with Special Reference to the Ciguatoxin-Producing Gambierdiscus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Isabel Bravo ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez ◽  
Isabel Ramilo ◽  
Julio Afonso-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Marine Dinoflagellates ◽  
Cell Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the ciguatoxin-producer benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus and other epibenthic dinoflagellates in the Canary Islands was examined in macrophyte samples obtained from two locations of Fuerteventura Island in September 2016. The genera examined included Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Scrippsiella, Sinophysis, and Vulcanodinium. Distinct assemblages among these benthic dinoflagellates and preferential macroalgal communities were observed. Vulcanodinium showed the highest cell concentrations (81.6 × 103 cells gr−1 wet weight macrophyte), followed by Ostreopsis (25.2 × 103 cells gr−1 wet weight macrophyte). These two species were most represented at a station (Playitas) characterized by turfy Rhodophytes. In turn, Gambierdiscus (3.8 × 103 cells gr−1 wet weight macrophyte) and Sinophysis (2.6 × 103 cells gr−1 wet weight macrophyte) were mostly found in a second station (Cotillo) dominated by Rhodophytes and Phaeophytes. The influence of macrophyte’s thallus architecture on the abundance of dinoflagellates was observed. Filamentous morphotypes followed by macroalgae arranged in entangled clumps presented more richness of epiphytic dinoflagellates. Morphometric analysis was applied to Gambierdiscus specimens. By large, G. excentricus was the most abundant species and G. australes occupied the second place. The toxigenic potential of some of the genera/species distributed in the benthic habitats of the Canary coasts, together with the already known presence of ciguatera in the region, merits future studies on possible transmission of their toxins in the marine food chain.

scholarly journals Trends in the abundance of picophytoplankton due to changes in boundary currents and by marine heat waves in Australian coastal waters from IMOS National Reference Stations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL G THOMSON ◽  
CHARITHA B PATTIARATCHI
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Boundary Currents ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Photosynthetic Cells

The picophytoplankton, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, are small photosynthetic cells (< 3µm diameter) important in the world’s tropical oceans. With a large surface area to volume ratio these cells are very responsive to their environment, and their distribution and abundance make them good indicators of variability in our coastal oceans. To understand change in Australian waters, we used flow cytometry to analyse monthly samples of picophytoplankton (2009 – 2017) from 2 Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) National Reference Stations (NRS) in southern Australia. We found clear seasonal patterns in abundance from Rottnest Island (Western Australia) and Maria Island (Tasmania) due to seasonality in flows of the Leeuwin and East Australian Currents. However, our data also shows that the abundance of the tropical picophytoplankton in southern Australian waters is increasing due to strengthening boundary currents and more intense eddies on the east coast and through the effects of marine heat waves on the west coast. This is significant as it points to fundamental changes in the size and community composition of phytoplankton at the base of the marine food chain. Our data also highlight how sustained ocean biodiversity observations help us understand our changing oceans.

scholarly journals SMFC as a tool for the removal of hydrocarbons and metals in the marine environment: a concise research update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvige Gambino ◽  
Kuppam Chandrasekhar ◽  
Rosa Anna Nastro
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Sediment Remediation ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMarine pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially in coastal areas. Because of the sequestration and consequent accumulation of pollutants in sediments (mainly organic compounds and heavy metals), marine environment restoration cannot exempt from effective remediation of sediments themselves. It has been well proven that, after entering into the seawater, these pollutants are biotransformed into their metabolites, which may be more toxic than their parent molecules. Based on their bioavailability and toxic nature, these compounds may accumulate into the living cells of marine organisms. Pollutants bioaccumulation and biomagnification along the marine food chain lead to seafood contamination and human health hazards. Nowadays, different technologies are available for sediment remediation, such as physicochemical, biological, and bioelectrochemical processes. This paper gives an overview of the most recent techniques for marine sediment remediation while presenting sediment-based microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). We discuss the issues, the progress, and future perspectives of SMFC application to the removal of hydrocarbons and metals in the marine environment with concurrent energy production. We give an insight into the possible mechanisms leading to sediment remediation, SMFC energy balance, and future exploitation.

scholarly journals Relations among Valencia orange yields with soil and leaf nutrients in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonez Fidalski ◽  
Pedro Antonio Martins Auler ◽  
Valdomiro Tormem
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
K Fertilization

The Valencia orange orchards established on soils of low fertility in the Northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil, have showed symptoms of Mg deficiency and reduced fruit yields. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between yield with soil and leaf nutrients during 1996/97 growing season. Two sites of low and high productivity were selected in seven orchards. Leaf and soil samples (fertilized rows and interrows) were collected in 1996. The results showed that the citrus yields were negatively related with soil Mg/K and Ca+Mg/K ratios in the fertilized rows, and fruit weight positively correlated with leaf Zn in the low productivity orchards. The fruit weight was positively related with leaf Ca and soil Ca in the fertilized rows of the high productivity orchards. The results suggested an adequate lime and K fertilization managements in the fertilized rows, as well as an adequate Zn supply.

scholarly journals Uptake and trophic changes in polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the benthic marine food chain in southwestern British Columbia, Canada

FACETS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-51
Author(s):  
Brenda Burd ◽  
Chris Lowe ◽  
Carmen Morales-„Caselles ◽  
Marie Noel ◽  
Peter Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Deposit Feeders ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Bottom Fish ◽  
Harbour Sediment ◽  
Marine Food

We examined the physical and geochemical effects of sediment on the uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) into marine sediment feeders and their transfer to higher trophic fauna. Sediment PBDEs increased with % total organic carbon (%TOC), organic carbon (OC) flux and grain size (%fines). Tissue PBDE variance was best explained ( R2 = 0.70) by sediment acid volatile sulfides (AVS), PBDEs, and organic lability and input, with the highest values near wastewater outfalls. Dry weight tissue/sediment PBDEs declined with increasing sediment PBDEs, resulting in tissue dilution (ratio <1) at >10 000 pg/g in harbours. Ratios also decreased with increasing %fines, resulting in regional differences. These patterns imply that high levels of fines and high sediment concentrations make PBDEs less bioavailable. Dry weight PBDEs increased >100× between background deposit feeders and predators (polychaetes, crabs, bottom fish, seal), but lipid normalized PBDEs barely increased (<1.3%), suggesting remarkably high uptake in low-lipid sediment feeders, and that PBDEs don’t accumulate at higher trophic levels, but lipid content does. Filter feeders had lower lipid-normalized PBDEs than deposit feeders, highlighting the importance of food resources in higher trophic fauna for bioaccumulation. The most profound congener change occurred with sediment uptake, with nona/deca-BDEs declining and tetra-hexa-BDEs increasing. Harbour sediment feeders had more deca-BDEs than other samples, suggesting PBDEs mostly pass unmodifed through them. Deca-BDEs persist patchily in all tissues, reflecting variable dependence on sediment/pelagic food.

scholarly journals FORAMINÍFEROS BENTÓNICOS RECIENTES EN LAS AGUAS PROFUNDAS DE LA CUENCA DE PANAMÁ: ECOLOGÍA Y SU POSIBLE RELACIÓN CON LAS CORRIENTES DE FONDO

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán David Patarroyo Camargo ◽  
José Ignacio Martínez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Surface Productivity ◽  
Sea Currents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Foraminíferos Bentónicos

The relationship between recent benthic foraminifera and bottom currents in the Panama basin (Colombian Pacific) is examined, and the main ecological variables which control the distribution of benthic foraminifera are discussed. The benthic foraminiferal study of 24 core top samples and the integration with previous reports, support the view that in upwelling areas or under high terrigenous influx, the assemblages are dominated by infaunal forms such as Uvigerina, Bolivina, Globobulimina, and Chilostomella, beside common forms such as Uvigerina peregrina Cushman and Epistominella spp., which are indicative of high productivity. In contrast, epifaunal forms such as Cibicidoides, Laticarinina, and Hoeglundina are more common on the flanks of the Cocos and Carnegie Ridges indicating a lower surface productivity and a larger content of dissolved oxygen on the sea floor. Infaunal foraminifera are dominated by Siphouvigerina proboscidea (Schwager). In addition, several proxy taxa of the intensity of deep sea currents were detected in the analyzed assemblages. From these taxa, Cibicides wuellerstorfi (Schwager) has the best proxy potential for the reconstruction of intense bottom currents in sediments from the Cocos and Carnegie Ridges for the Holocene.

An Environmentally Integrated Manufacturing Analysis Combined with Waste Management in a Car Battery Manufacturing Plant

2011 ◽  
pp. 436-461
Author(s):  
Suat Kasap ◽  
Sibel Uludag Demirer ◽  
Sedef Ergün
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Integrated Manufacturing ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis for companies looking for the benefits of environmental management in achieving high productivity levels. When the relationship between environmental costs and manufacturing decisions is examined, it can be seen that the productivity of the company can be increased by using an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis methodology. Therefore, such a methodology is presented and the roadmap for generating environmentally friendly and economically favorable alternative waste management solutions is elaborated. The methodology combines data collection, operational analysis of the manufacturing processes, identification of wastes, and evaluation of waste reduction alternatives. The presented methodology is examined in a car battery manufacturing plant, which generates hazardous wastes composed of lead. It is aimed to decrease the wastes derived from the production so that the efficiency in raw materials usage is increased and the need for recycling the hazardous wastes is decreased.

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