Covered with Deep Mist

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Rickles
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Unresolved Problem ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The problem of quantum gravity is often viewed as the most pressing unresolved problem of modern physics, the ‘holy grail’: our theories of spacetime and matter, described respectively by general relativity (Einstein’s theory of gravitation and spacetime) and quantum mechanics (our best theory of matter and the other forces of nature) resist unification. Covered in Deep Mist provides the first book-length treatment of the history of quantum gravity, focusing on its origins and earliest stages of development until the mid-1950s. Readers will be guided through the impacts on the problem of quantum gravity resulting from changes in the two ingredient theories, quantum theory and general relativity, which were themselves still under construction in the years studied. We examine how several of the core approaches of today were formed in an era when the field was highly unfashionable. The book aims to be accessible to a broad range of readers and goes beyond a merely technical examination to include social and cultural factors involved in the changing fortunes of the field. Suitable for both newcomers and seasoned quantum gravity professionals, the book will shine new light on this century old, unresolved problem.

scholarly journals Renormalizable and Unitary Lorentz Invariant Model of Quantum Gravity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Larin
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Curvature Tensor ◽  
Quantum Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Proper Choice ◽  
Invariant Model ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation

We analyze the R + R2 model of quantum gravity where terms quadratic in the curvature tensor are added to the General Relativity action. This model was recently proved to be a self-consistent quantum theory of gravitation, being both renormalizable and unitary. The model can be made practically indistinguishable from General Relativity at astrophysical and cosmological scales by the proper choice of parameters.

scholarly journals Global astrometric sphere reconstruction in Gaia: challenges and first results of the Verification Unit

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S261) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Alberto Vecchiato ◽  
Ummi Abbas ◽  
Beatrice Bucciarelli ◽  
Mario G. Lattanzi ◽  
Roberto Morbidelli
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absolute Measurements

AbstractGaia will estimate the astrometric and physical data of approximately one billion objects. The core of this process, the global sphere reconstruction, is represented by the reduction of a subset of these objects, which will constitute the largest and most precise catalog of absolute astrometry in the history of Astronomy, and will put General Relativity to test by estimating the PPN parameter γ with unprecedented accuracy. As the Hipparcos mission showed, and as it is natural for all kind of absolute measurements, possible errors in the data reduction can hardly be identified at the end of the processing, and can lead to systematic errors in all the works which will use these results. In order to avoid such kind of problems, a Verification Unit was established by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). One of its jobs is to implement and perform an independent global sphere reconstruction, parallel to the baseline one, to compare the two results, and to report any significant difference.

Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and the Development of Modified Theories of Gravitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Bogeun GWAK, ◽  
Bum-Hoon LEE ◽  
Wonwoo LEE
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Wave Dark Matter ◽  
Theories Of Gravitation

We briefly review both Einstein’s general theory of relativity and the development of modified theories of gravitation with theoretical and observational motivations. For this, we discuss the theoretical properties and weaknesses of general relativity. We also mention attempts that have been made to develop the theory of quantum gravity. The recent detections of a gravitational wave, dark matter, and dark energy have opened new windows into astrophysics, as well as cosmology, through which tests to determine the theory of gravitation that best describes our Universe would be interesting. Most of all, note that we cannot clearly describe our Universe, including dark matter and dark energy, with standard particle models and the general theory of relativity. In these respects, we must be open-minded and study all possible aspects.

The Road to Relativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn ◽  
John Stachel
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
History Of Physics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Facsimile Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
New Generation

This richly annotated facsimile edition of “The Foundation of General Relativity” introduces a new generation of readers to Albert Einstein's theory of gravitation. Written in 1915, this remarkable document is a watershed in the history of physics and an enduring testament to the elegance and precision of Einstein's thought. Presented here is a beautiful facsimile of Einstein's original handwritten manuscript, along with its English translation and an insightful page-by-page commentary that places the work in historical and scientific context. The concise introduction traces Einstein's intellectual odyssey from the special to the general theory of relativity, and the chapter “The Charm of a Manuscript” provides a delightful meditation on the varied afterlife of Einstein's text. The book also includes a biographical glossary of the figures discussed in the book, a comprehensive bibliography, suggestions for further reading, and numerous photos and illustrations throughout.

scholarly journals Renormalizable and Unitary Lorentz Invariant Model of Quantum Gravity

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Larin
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Curvature Tensor ◽  
Quantum Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Proper Choice ◽  
Invariant Model ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation

We analyze the R+R2 model of quantum gravity where terms quadratic in the curvature tensor are added to the General Relativity action. This model was recently proved to be a self-consistent quantum theory of gravitation, being both renormalizable and unitary. The model can be made practically indistinguishable from General Relativity at astrophysical and cosmological scales by the proper choice of parameters.

On Writing a History of Quantum Gravity

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-40
Author(s):  
Dean Rickles
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
History Of

This chapter describes some of the special challenges and novelties facing historical research in quantum gravity. Though often looked at with wry amusement when mentioned in the same breath, “history” and “quantum gravity” fit remarkably well together. Not only is there more than enough in chronological terms, the episodes are closely intertwined with other important developments in the life histories of the ingredient theories, quantum theory and general relativity. However, there are also more sociologically interesting aspects having to do with the emergence of a community of quantum gravity scholars, itself piggybacking on the availability of funding sources. Finally, we note the special status of quantum gravity, historiographically speaking, as a rare case of a field of research with more than a century of history behind it, including within it various rejections and selections of results, and yet which has as yet no experiments of its own, and no final endpoint from which to interpret the past.

Dark Bodies and Black Holes, Magic Circles and Montgolfiers: Light and Gravitation from Newton to Einstein

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Jean Eisenstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Bending Of Light

The ArgumentThe question of the possible existence of black holes is closely related to the question of the action of gravitation on the propagation of light. It has been raised recurrently from the when that Newton referred to a possible bending of light in his Opticks. And it relies on apparently simple questions: Is light subject to gravitation? What is the effect of a gravitational field on the propagation of light? Could a particle of light emitted by a star be retained by its gravitational field?From the end of the 1960s, the black hole idea has had a very important place in the relativistic literature, not to speak of the popularization of the theory. It turned out to be not only an important concept but also a tool that permitted us to understand general relativity better, indeed a tool that contributed greatly to changing the interpretation of Einstein's theory of gravitation. Here too I want to use this concept of the black hole to assist our understanding of the history of general relativity: the black hole is a fundamental milestone in the evolution of general relativity.

Gauge formulation of general relativity using conformal and spin symmetries

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1871) ◽  
pp. 1867-1874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H.-T Wang
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Loop Quantum Gravity ◽  
Conformal Factor ◽  
Gauge Field Theories ◽  
Hamiltonian Constraint ◽  
Spin Network ◽  
Free Construction ◽  
Modern Physics

The gauge symmetry inherent in Maxwell's electromagnetics has a profound impact on modern physics. Following the successful quantization of electromagnetics and other higher order gauge field theories, the gauge principle has been applied in various forms to quantize gravity. A notable development in this direction is loop quantum gravity based on the spin-gauge treatment. This paper considers a further incorporation of the conformal gauge symmetry in canonical general relativity. This is a new conformal decomposition in that it is applied to simplify recently formulated parameter-free construction of spin-gauge variables for gravity. The resulting framework preserves many main features of the existing canonical framework for loop quantum gravity regarding the spin network representation and Thiemann's regularization. However, the Barbero–Immirzi parameter is converted into the conformal factor as a canonical variable. It behaves like a scalar field but is somehow non-dynamical since the Hamiltonian constraint does not depend on its momentum. The essential steps of the mathematical derivation of this parameter-free framework for the spin-gauge variables of gravity are spelled out. The implications for the loop quantum gravity programme are briefly discussed.

Principles of Physical Cosmology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Nobel Lecture ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cosmological Tests ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe

This book is the essential introduction to this critical area of modern physics, written by a leading pioneer who has shaped the course of the field for decades. The book provides an authoritative overview of the field, showing how observation has combined with theory to establish the science of physical cosmology. The book presents the elements of physical cosmology, including the history of the discovery of the expanding universe; surveys the cosmological tests that measure the geometry of space-time, with a discussion of general relativity as the basis for these tests; and reviews the origin of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe. Now featuring the author's 2019 Nobel lecture, the book remains an indispensable reference for students and researchers alike.

Relativity in Modern Physics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Deruelle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Uzan
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Accelerator Physics ◽  
Newtonian Theory ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Accelerated Frames

Newton’s ideas about how to represent space and time, his laws of dynamics, and his theory of gravitation established the conceptual foundation from which modern physics developed. This book offers a modern view of Newtonian theory, emphasizing those aspects needed for understanding quantum and relativistic contemporary physics. In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed a novel representation of space and time, special relativity. The text also presents relativistic dynamics in inertial and accelerated frames, as well as a detailed overview of Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism, thus providing the background necessary for studying particle and accelerator physics, astrophysics, and Einstein’s theory of general relativity. In 1915, Einstein proposed a new theory of gravitation, general relativity. Finally, the text develops the geometrical framework in which Einstein’s equations are formulated and presents several key applications: black holes, gravitational radiation, and cosmology.

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