Disability History and Greco-Roman Antiquity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Goodey ◽  
M. Lynn Rose
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Disability History ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
Human Categorization

To obtain a historical perspective on disability, we need to know what questions people of the past asked about each other and thus how they grouped human types. This effort involves removing the carapace of modern forms of classification and avoiding their imposition on the primary sources of an era so distant from our own (“retrospective diagnosis”). At least three major forms are identifiable: (1) the post-Cartesian divide between mind and body; (2) the tightening of forms of human categorization in general since the late Middle Ages; and (3) the thoroughly modern divide between the scientific/medical and the social. Human disparities and putative disabilities, ranging widely from the ancient era to the start of the Middle Ages and including the body, the senses, cognition, speech, social behavior, and sexual make-up, are discussed. These may or may not correspond with modern categorizations.

scholarly journals Revival and preservation of historical memory in the creative heritage of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Serhii I. Svitlenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Epoch

The purpose of the article is to reveal the concept of the revival and preservation of historical memory in the creative heritage of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi. Research methods: historical-genetic, historical-system and historical-biographical; complex and personalistic approaches. Sources: a series of archival documents of personal origin, published sources of epistolary and memoir character, the latest historiography. The main results. In the analytical article the regularities of the choice of young scientists in the field of scientific research are highlighted. The peculiarities of the study of the scientist-historian of the source-related problems of the period of transition from the late Middle Ages to the early Modern (ХVІ – the first half of the ХVІІ century) are studied in an atmosphere of the Soviet reality of the 70ʼs and 80ʼs of the 20th century; is accentuated on the great heuristic activity of the scientist; shows his specific contribution to the study of this historical epoch. It is argued that one can speak about the complexity of M. Kovalskyiʼs approach to the development of a source base as a documentary basis for the revival of historical memory. It was proved that the part of the process of renaissance and preservation of historical memory by Professor M. P. Kovalskyi was his work in the development of Ukrainian archeography. The afore mentioned process was traced in the creative heritage of the professor not only in the national, but also in the regional and historical lore contexts. It is highlighted that in the process of revival and preservation of historical memory M. P. Kovalskyi significantly expanded the subject field of research, boldly engaging in the innovative scientific themes of his students. The attention was also paid to the methodical aspect of the revival and preservation of historical memory by Professor M. P. Kovalskyi, which was very broad, including the study of historical chronology, museology, historiography, source studies, historical heuristics, and historical bibliography. Conclusions. Professor M. P. Kovalskyi was made a great contribution to the revival and preservation of the historical memory of Ukrainians about the Cossack period of Ukrainian history, actively involving young scientists, postgraduates and students in this process, which resulted in the formation and formation of a scientific school on source study the history of Ukraine in the ХVІ–ХVІІІ centuries. Practical meaning. The material of this article may be interesting in the process of preparing students and postgraduates, preparing theses. Scientific novelty. The research has actualized a variety of primary sources, insufficiently researched the perspective of the creative activity of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi.

Part I Histories, Ch.2 Roman Law and the Intellectual History of International Law

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesaffer Randall
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Roman Antiquity

This chapter describes the role of Roman law—whose influence has been largely underestimated in recent scholarship—in the intellectual history and development of international law. To that end, the chapter offers a general survey of the historical interactions between Roman law and international law, drawing from general insights into the intellectual history of law in Europe that have remained remarkably absent in the grand narrative of the history of international law. The focus is on the periods in which these interactions were most pronounced. Next to Roman Antiquity, these are the Late Middle Ages (eleventh to fifteenth centuries) and the Early Modern Age (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries).

scholarly journals The Regulation of Religious Communities in the Late Middle Ages: A Comparative Approach to Ming China and Pre-Reformation England

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Teng Li ◽  
Matteo Salonia
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Reformation England ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the regulation of religious life in the late Middle Ages (14th and 15th centuries), focusing comparatively on Catholic monastic communities in pre-Reformation England and Buddhist monasticism in early Ming China. This comparative approach to two of the most important monastic traditions across Eurasia allows us to problematize the paradigm of ideas and praxes surrounding monastic self-governance in Latin Christendom and to integrate the current scholarship on Ming regulation of religious communities by investigating the pivotal changes in imperial religious policies taking place in the early period of this dynasty. We find that monks and secular authorities at the two ends of Eurasia often shared the same concerns about the discipline of religious men and women, the administration of their properties, and the impact of these communities on society at large. Yet, the article identifies significant differences in the responses given to these concerns. Through the analysis of primary sources that have thus far been overlooked, we show how in early Ming China the imperial government imposed a strict control over the education, ordination and disciplining of Buddhist monks. This bureaucratic system was especially strengthened during the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang (r. 1368–1398), when the figure of the Monk-Official and other tools of secular regulation were introduced, and limits to property claims and economic activities of monasteries were imposed. Instead, during the same period, English monasteries benefited from the previous disentangling of the Church from secular political authorities across Europe. In fact, in late medieval England, the Benedictine tradition of self-governance and independence from the secular sphere was arguably even more marked than in the rest of the continent.

scholarly journals Later Echoes of the So-called Kniazheskii Izbornik in Old Slavic Literatures

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
Anissava Miltenova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Romanian Orthodox Church ◽  
Slavia Orthodoxa ◽  
Romanian Orthodox

There is a proposition in palaeoslavistics that the reconstructed prototype of the Izbornik of 1076 is a composition designated as the Kniazheskii Izbornik, which originated from the time of the Bulgarian Tsar Peter (927–969). This article presents an overview of the contents of three manuscripts, which are copies of texts in the so-called Kniazheskii Izbornik: No. 162 from the collection of the Moscow Theological Academy, from the 15th century, Russian origin; No. 189 from the collection of the Hilandar Monastery and which is composed of two parts: Part 1 from the beginning of the 17th century, probably written by a copyist from Moldavia, and Part 2 from 1684, Russian in origin; and No. 280 (333) from the collection of St. Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 15th–16th century, Moldavian in origin. There are suggestions for primary sources of these manuscripts, and the article considers the paths by which texts identical to the Kniazheskii Izbornik found their way into miscellanies in the Late Middle Ages. The three miscellanies under discussion are important witnesses of the paraenetic literature in the earliest period of the Slavia Orthodoxa, which integrated homilies of John Chrysostom, question and answers, interpretations of the Scripture, wise sayings, narration, and apophthegmata from the Paterikon and fragments of the Kniazheskii Izbornik.

scholarly journals Die lyf: fasette van die erotiese en seksuele in die Romeinse Ryk

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
PJJ Botha
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The Body ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Erotic

An introduction to aspects of the erotic and sexuality in Greco-Roman antiquity requires some understanding of how people saw their bodies. What is considered  erotic is related to the “ideal” body: sexuality manifests itself as culturally and historically determined. In this article relevant parts of the Greco-Roman cosmology is briefly discussed and concepts of the body analysed before an overview of love relations between women and men is presented. In the final section the shift in views about the body among the early Christians, is specified.

scholarly journals Bilingual neume collections of the late middle ages - a new view at the well-known music sources

2017 ◽  
pp. 279-301
Author(s):  
Vesna Peno
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
National Library ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
New View

The long-term process of the byzantinization of Serbian culture and art, intensified in the framework of complex political relations at the beginning of the 15th century, is testified, among others, by the preserved bilingual Greek-Slavonic musical manuscripts. As the primary sources in the reconstruction of the Serbian church chanting art in the late Middle Ages, but also the Byzantine-Serbian musical connections, the neum manuscripts unambiguously confirm the existence of the bilingual worship practice at the time of Despotovina Serbia. The long-held views on the dated two neum anthologies from the Great Lavra (E 108) and the National Library of Greece (EVE 928), their scribes, composers and songs in this paper are critically examined for the first time.

Emotional Attachments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Ambroise Paré ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Ambroise Pare ◽  
The Way

This study of iron hands situates prosthetics at the nexus of several confluent craft fields in the late Middle Ages. In particular, it shows the way that the technology behind these body attachments emerged out of masculine artisans’ communities associated with metalwork and often also with war: surgeons, locksmiths, clockmakers, and gunners. It argues that these ‘communities of technique’ were mutually collaborative fraternities whose technical knowledge moved laterally across fields. It examines several extant iron hands, including the famous model based on Ambroise Paré. The chapter proposes that these prostheses were emotionally and professionally restorative rather than transformative. It concludes by suggesting that such objects posed philosophical and conceptual problems about the body as mechanism or machine, and that the absence of prosthetics for women in this period helps to frame the gender of mechanism in the Renaissance.

A Century of Historiography: The Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis, 1900–2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-674
Author(s):  
Wim Janse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Church History ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Church

AbstractChurch History and Religious Culture (formerly Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis. Since 1829) is the oldest scholarly journal in the Netherlands that still appears to this day. A reflection of the discipline of academic historiography, the journal is a historical source in itself. This essay focuses on the 1,162 articles that appeared in the Archief between 1900 and 2000, in an attempt to discern in this mirror some developments, changes, and tendencies in twentieth-century Dutch church historiography. The following topics are discussed: 2. the contextuality of church historiography; 1. the effect of the church historian's personality on church historiography; 3. the geographical and chronological range of the Archief; and 4. the Archief and general historiography. The conclusions are that until the 1960s Dutch church historiography, as far as reflected in the Archief, shared the general pillarization of the Dutch establishment. The personal orientations of especially the editors were decisive; the journal's focus was on national Dutch church history; the main object of attention was the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, most of all the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. The twentieth-century church historiography in the Archief was a modest reflection of the developments within general historiography; it recognized the importance of interdisciplinarity, but should be characterized as a strong classical discipline based on the study and interpretation of primary sources.

scholarly journals Earthrise

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-117
Author(s):  
Julia McClure
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global History ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
A Site

This article uses Franciscan history to explore an alternative approach to global history. Following Benjamin Lazier’s observations about ‘Earthrise’, which showed that images of the world have been entangled with intellectual and political discourses, this article explores the Franciscans’ own Earthrise perspective which can be traced in the spiritual and mystical writings produced in the late Middle Ages. The aim of this article is not only to contest the kind of periodisation which has seen the global turn and ‘global era’ as peculiarly ‘modern’, but to suggest that any study of the ‘global’ must incorporate an analysis of the multilayered nature of that concept. It suggests that the global is not so much a scale as an idea, and considers how the hyper-local place of the body can be a site for realising a global vision.

scholarly journals “Entertainment” as an art phenomenon in the context of Renaissance discourse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cognitive Perspectives

The purpose of the article consists of exploring carnival as a form of “Entertainment” in Renaissance discourse. The research methodology consists in the application of analytical method - to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the phenomenon of "Entertainment" in the discourse of Renaissance; formalization method - to formulate the concept of "Entertainment" within the subject field of art; we use historical and cultural method for studying the phenomenon of «Entertainment» as a form of individualization of collective experience on the example of carnival in the context of the Renaissance discourse. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the essence of the phenomenon of “Entertainment” as a form of individualization of collective experience on the example of carnival in the context of the Renaissance culture. Conclusions. Since the late Middle Ages, the carnival has become a prominent phenomenon in the culture of laughter, offering an antithesis to the religious attitudes that monopolized culture and art. Carnival, as a form of «Entertainment» in the discourse of the Renaissance, contributes to the identification of laughter elements in the culture of the Renaissance and helps to determine the significance of the laughter aspects of socio-cultural processes for society as a whole. The body image, as the main image of the carnival, creates a tendency for organizing "mass laughter", that is, a category that is actively used in our time on the example of the KVN format, which has become all-encompassing in modern society. Carnival, from the point of view of the cognitive perspectives of historical and anthropological research, outlines the features of the mentality of a Renaissance person. The carnival, as a form of «Entertainment», created conditions for the individualization of the collective experience, which was reflected in the culture of laughter, that is, «another reality» at certain times every year. Carnival formulated a concentrated universalistic formula for life and historical process. A street style of speech and imagery was formed, which became the «implementation» of the opposition to the official culture of the Renaissance.

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