International Cyber Conflict and National Security

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Maness ◽  
Brandon Valeriano
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
Cyber Threat ◽  
Cyber Conflict

Cyber conflict is often called the fifth domain of conflict. As more and more systems, networks, and information become digitized, there is contestation as to the growing nature of the threat and how exactly this domain can be exploited to coerce the enemy for either geopolitical or financial gain. Some argue that the cyber threat is exponentially growing and that offensive dominance reigns, making cyber conflict extremely unstable. Others contest that the threat is overblown and is more socially constructed. In this chapter we take a middle ground and find that much of the cyber conflict and security discourse has gotten it wrong through conjecture and worst- (or best-) case scenarios. We argue that a system of norms must be built upon and preserved to keep cyberspace a domain of relative openness and nonescalation. Arms races and deterrence strategies are not the path forward for a secure, prosperous cyberspace.

The Constitution of Law: Legality in a Time of Emergency by David Dyzenhaus, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006). 250pp. Page numbers in text are to this book.

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Jamie Cameron
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
The Common ◽  
Constitutive Properties ◽  
Principle Of Legality

What the rule of law means and how it constrains the exercise of state power raise issues which have been debated-without resolution-over the ages. Times of emergency bring fresh energy to the discussion, and David Dyzenhaus is one of many who have entered the fray to debate the balance between liberty and national security in the post 9/11 period. It has not been easy for those who place their trust in written constitutions to account for the way textual guarantees are diluted when the state is under threat. Rather than address that dilemma, Dyzenhaus sets his ideas apart by proposing a theory which maximizes the protection of rights in emergency circumstances, without straining the institutional capacities or legitimacy of the judiciary. This theory invokes the pedigree of the common law-and “common law constitutionalism”-and is grounded in the constitutive properties of the rule of law, or principle of legality. Dyzenhaus may not have answered the questions readers will want to ask, but he has opened up the middle ground between the competing supremacies yet more, by drawing common law constitutionalism and its rule-of-law pedigree into constitutional theories of review. More to the point, he has challenged the judiciary to draw on the moral resources of the law to make executive and legislative action as accountable as possible at all times, in emergencies as well as in normal times. Readers can and should engage, at many levels, with the complexity of his thought in this important book.

scholarly journals Contesting the Shape of Political Space: An Investigation of the "Threat of Asylum" in Britain

Refuge ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Doyle
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Asylum Seeker ◽  
State System ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Security Discourse

Defined in terms of a national security discourse, Britain’s asylum policy facilitates a disturbing dissociation of the asylum seeker from the identity of the refugee. The roots of this discourse can, this paper argues, be understood if the asylum seeker is seen as the site of a clash between two conceptualizations of political space—one that sees only the international state system, marked by the rights of sovereign states and exclusive political spaces, and one that sees a more complicated global political structure, marked by spaces of danger and of opportunity, in which human beings, as such, have a right to demand hospitality and inclusion from the state. Aiming to understand this clash, and the possibilities for moving beyond it, this paper analyzes British asylum policy through the lens of Michel Foucault’s account of sovereign biopower in Society Must Be Defended, read together with Giorgio Agamben’s work on the homo sacer and spaces of exception. These texts point towards the counter-narrative of the asylum seeker who refuses to disappear into discourses of national secur­ity, and who suggests a “rival structure” of political space. Understanding this clash requires uncovering the violence, discernible in British asylum policy, which sustains the international state system and in doing so, creates and marginalizes the asylum seeker. This paper draws out the deeply challenging and complex nature of the “problem of asylum,” working against the simplification that a national security discourse imposes on the issue.

The Securitization of China's Technology Companies in the United States of America

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Giandi Kartasasmita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Technology ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Cyber Threat ◽  
The U.S

This paper aims to explain the securitization process of China’s technology companies by the U.S Government. Whilethe U.S has been aware of the cyber threat since 1998, before Trump's presidency, the U.S. Government had nevertaken drastic measures against foreign technology companies based on national security pretext. This paper revealedthat the U.S. Executive has succeeded in securitizing the Chinese hardware and software companies, proved by theincreasing number of U.S. Citizens, see China as a major threat to the U.S.

scholarly journals The paths not (yet) taken: Ulrich Beck, the ‘cosmopolitized world’ and security studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Selchow
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Radical Shift

While it is Ulrich Beck’s concept of ‘risk society’ that has mostly attracted attention in the field of security studies, in this article I argue that if we want to take Beck seriously, we need to go beyond his ‘risk society’ thesis and acknowledge that his main thesis was that we live in a social reality that is qualitatively new and, consequently, calls for a radical shift in how we look at and talk about it. To bring Beck into security studies, then, means to study ‘security’ from within Beck’s ‘new world’. For that, I argue, a sharper conception of what characterizes that world is needed. At the heart of my article I provide such a conception – the ‘cosmopolitized world’ – which I identify as being shaped by non-linearity and the interplay of two moments: the ‘cosmopolitized reality’ and the ‘tradition of the national perspective’. Building on this concept and experimenting with it, I turn to reading the ‘US national security’ discourse as this is constructed in the text of the 2015 National Security Strategy from within this ‘cosmopolitized world’. Reflecting on this experiment, I conclude by highlighting the potential that bringing Beck in this way into security studies holds, as well as pointing to the need for future work on the vocabulary of the ‘cosmopolitized world’.

scholarly journals RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF CYBER THREATS AND POST-PANDEMIC ECONOMIC RECOVERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Nazar Demchyshak ◽  
Anastasiia Shkyria
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
The World ◽  
Cyber Threat ◽  
Security Index ◽  
Cyber Risk

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to risk management in the financial sector of Ukraine in the context of cyber threats and the need to ensure national security and post-pandemic economic recovery. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods of scientific research are used in the article, in particular: induction, deduction, scientific abstraction - to reveal the essence of the concepts of "cyber threat", “cyber security" and "digitalization"; statistical and graphical methods - to assess the current situation in the field of cyber defence in the world and the national cyber security index; methods of analysis and synthesis - in substantiating the conclusions of the research. Finding. Definitions of cyber risk, approaches to its interpretation and classification were considered. The importance of cyber security in the digitalization of the national economy was argued. The Strategy of Ukrainian Financial Sector Development until 2025 is analysed. The world statistics of frequency and losses due to cyber-attacks are studied and the cyber threats that caused the greatest losses in Ukraine are identified. The analysis of Ukraine’s positions in the National Cyber Security Index 2020 is carried out. The directions of cyber threat prevention that can be useful for Ukrainian companies are substantiated. Originality. The author’s definition of the term "cyber risk" is proposed, in which special attention in focused on the effects of cyber threats. The importance of cyber risk management in the conditions of inevitability of digitalization in the financial sector of Ukraine is substantiated. Approaches to the prevention of cyber-attacks, the implementation of which is necessary for the successful digital transformation of Ukraine, are proposed. Practical value. The results of the research will contribute to the formation of an effective risk management system in the financial sector of Ukraine in terms of digitalization of the financial space and post-pandemic recovery of the national economy. Key words: national security, cyber risk, cyber threat, cyber defence, digitalization, post-pandemic recovery, fintech.

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