Segmental Phonetics and Phonology in Caucasian languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 687-728
Author(s):  
Gašper Beguš
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Voiceless Stop

This chapter surveys the major topics of Caucasian segmental phonetics and phonology, focusing on topics with broader implications for general phonetic and phonological theory. The author first presents an acoustic phonetic analysis of phonemic inventories in the three Caucasian families, including both a review of recent instrumental data on the topic as well as a new analysis of new and existing experimental acoustic data. This analysis focuses on four primary topics: obstruents with different laryngeal features, typologically unusual segments, small vocalic inventories, and pharyngealization. The new acoustic data from a nonce-word experiment in Georgian and Megrelian offer evidence that aspiration in voiceless stops gradually, yet significantly shortens if another voiceless stop precedes the relevant one in a given word. The second part reviews analyses of Caucasian phonotactics, primarily of South Caucasian consonant clusters that play a crucial role in discussions on production versus perception in phonology. The chapter concludes with a collection of phonological alternations that have potential for future research on phonology.

Variable and Stable Clusters: Variation in the Realisation of Consonant Clusters

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenckje Jongstra
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
Consonant Cluster Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Cluster Reduction

AbstractThis article reports on between-individual and within-individual variation in consonant cluster reduction strategies (where C1C2 is realised as C( or C2) among young children. The empirical base of the study is a Dutch database with over 9,000 instances of C1 and C2 realisations of 23 word-initial consonant clusters from 45 children aged between two and three years old. The study finds that within-child variation is very limited, whereas between-child variation occurs. It is also shown that there are typological implications; that is, realising C2 in cluster y, implies realising C2 in cluster y, but not vice versa. The data provide support for the position that variation can be accounted for by a finer grained notion of sonority where the sonority distance between the two consonants in a cluster plays a crucial role in establishing prosodic constituency.

Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Visser
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corporate Social

This article maps out the crucial role and responsibilities for business in fighting poverty and acting responsibly in developing countries. It begins by proposing different ways to categorize the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing countries. It then reviews the research which has been conducted at a global and regional level, before considering the main CSR drivers in developing countries. Finally, it proposes a model of CSR in developing countries, before concluding with a summary and recommendations for future research. What is clear from this article is that CSR in developing countries is a rich and fascinating area of enquiry, which is becoming ever more important in CSR theory and practice. And since it is profoundly under-researched, this enquiry also represents a tremendous opportunity for improving the knowledge and understanding about CSR.

La Présentation des Néologismes

Babel ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Serrano Cabezas ◽  
Pablo Jesús Sanz Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Lexical Items

Although the presentation of neologisms is the last step to be taken in the translation of new lexical items in scientific and technical texts, it has a significance which should not be overlooked. In the same way as the neologism itself, typography (quotation marks, italics, etc.), explanatory notes and commentaries, can play an important role in giving account of the functional value of the new term in the micro-context in which it is inserted. The translator's function is to weigh up what he considers to be more important and what less important in each particular occurrence of a neologism in a text. Thus, if the neologism is bound to occupy a crucial role in its conceptual area that will affect any future research, it should be treated in a special way. It is clear that, in other cases, the functional value of the term can be perfectly rendered by means of a periphrasis. One way or another, the presence of a new lexical item in the source language should always be pointed out in a target text in which the value of a neologism has a direct influence on its translation and presentation. This article provides some general reflections from a terminological perspective, about the translation strategies to be considered for a variety of cases by means of a series of examples taken from scientific literature.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Tomostethus nigritus (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) on Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ in Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Fons Verheyde ◽  
Geert Sioen
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Fraxinus Angustifolia ◽  
The City

In Western Europe the ash sawfly Tomostethus nigritus is known to occur at low densities on Fraxinus excelsior and is uncommonly reported as a pest species. However, we show here that outbreaks can occur on non-endemic trees such as F. angustifolia, and that the species is able to spread quickly using city infrastructure. At the visited localities near the city of Ghent, foliage of Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ emerged approximately one month earlier than on F. excelsior. At the same time, changed climatic conditions in the last decade, i.e. higher temperatures in March, caused adults to emerge earlier. Synchronicity of the potential hosts and T. nigritus may therefore have altered, playing a crucial role in population dynamics. Future research should aim to confirm if the species dramatically declines in numbers after reaching its peak population level, an effect which was observed in previous studies, but for which there is still no satisfactory explanation.

scholarly journals A Survey on the Usage of Blockchain Technology for Cyber-Threats in the Context of Industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9179
Author(s):  
Sidi Boubacar ElMamy ◽  
Hichem Mrabet ◽  
Hassen Gharbi ◽  
Abderrazak Jemai ◽  
Damien Trentesaux
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Blockchain Technology

A systematic review of the literature is presented related to the usage of blockchain technology (BCT) for cyber-threats in the context of Industry 4.0. BCT plays a crucial role in creating smart factories and it is recognized as a core technology that triggers a disruptive revolution in Industry 4.0. Beyond security, authentication, asset tracking and the exchange of smart contracts, BCTs allow terminals to exchange information according to mutually agreed rules within a secured manner. Consequently, BCT can play a crucial role in industrial sustainability by preserving the assets and the environment and by enhancing the quality of life of citizens. In this work, a classification of the most important cyber-attacks that occurred in the last decade in Industry 4.0 is proposed based on four classes. The latter classes cover scanning, local to remote, power of root and denial of service (DoS). BCT is also defined and various types belong to BCT are introduced and highlighted. Likewise, BCT protocols and implementations are discussed as well. BCT implementation includes linear structure and directed acyclic graph (DAG) technology. Then, a comparative study of the most relevant works based on BCT in Industry 4.0 is conducted in terms of confidentiality, integrity, availability, privacy and multifactor authentication features. Our review shows that the integration of BCT in industry can ensure data confidentiality and integrity and should be enforced to preserve data availability and privacy. Future research directions towards enforcing BCT in the industrial field by considering machine learning, 5G/6G mobile systems and new emergent technologies are presented.

Future Research Directions in Sensory Marketing

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Maher Georges Elmashhara ◽  
Nada Elbishbishy
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Sensory Marketing ◽  
Sensory Environment ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Retail Atmospherics

Although retail atmospherics has been an active field of study, further research is needed to address the role that sensory marketing plays in the retailing sector. This chapter presents a review of previous research and discusses the effect of visual, sound, and olfactory atmospherics on shopping outcomes. The interaction among these variables and their common impact on consumer behavior is also explored. The chapter expands and enriches the literature on retail atmospherics and discusses future research avenues. Further research will help retailers pay attention to the crucial role of sensory environment in shaping the customer experience and shopping behavior.

scholarly journals OLIMP: A Heterogeneous Multimodal Dataset for Advanced Environment Perception

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Mimouna ◽  
Ihsen Alouani ◽  
Anouar Ben Khalifa ◽  
Yassin El Hillali ◽  
Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Cluttered Environment ◽  
Environment Perception

A reliable environment perception is a crucial task for autonomous driving, especially in dense traffic areas. Recent improvements and breakthroughs in scene understanding for intelligent transportation systems are mainly based on deep learning and the fusion of different modalities. In this context, we introduce OLIMP: A heterOgeneous Multimodal Dataset for Advanced EnvIronMent Perception. This is the first public, multimodal and synchronized dataset that includes UWB radar data, acoustic data, narrow-band radar data and images. OLIMP comprises 407 scenes and 47,354 synchronized frames, presenting four categories: pedestrian, cyclist, car and tram. The dataset includes various challenges related to dense urban traffic such as cluttered environment and different weather conditions. To demonstrate the usefulness of the introduced dataset, we propose a fusion framework that combines the four modalities for multi object detection. The obtained results are promising and spur for future research.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of Optimal Stock Portfolio under the Background of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Yu Luo ◽  
Yunqian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Numerical Computation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Stock Portfolio

In the present market, there are various kinds of financial products and derivatives designed for customers, the most basic and universal of which are stocks. However, while understanding how much profit and risk that one stock can bring is relatively simple, it is more difficult and trickier to find out a suitable investment portfolio for customers, especially under particular circumstances. Therefore, this paper try to build a model to figure out the portfolio with the highest utility in the crown virus background. The utility is defined based on several theories on customers’ behavior and takes many other factors that may play a crucial role on the extent of customer satisfaction into consideration. To simplify the model and focus on significant financial products, this article comes up with several necessary implications. After numerical computation, the result, a stock portfolio with the highest utility function for a given condition, is presented as an example to show how our model works. Finally, the paper analyzes the result obtained, provides a brief discussion on the pros and cons of our model, and eventually lists our possible future research fields.

scholarly journals Exchange, Conflict and Coercion: The Ritual Dynamics of the Notting Hill Carnival Past and Present

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Edwards ◽  
J. David Knottnerus
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Structural Ritualization Theory ◽  
Time Periods

This study investigates patterns of social relationships involving the Notting Hill Carnival. Two theoretical approaches are employed elementary relations theory and structural ritualization theory - to explain how the carnival has been strategically used in very different ways by various groups to accomplish their objectives. We suggest the Notting Hill Carnival is a special collective ritual event that has played a crucial role in three quite different structured arrangements involving coercion, conflict, and exchange since its beginning in Trinidad and subsequently in London. Four time periods where distinct changes in the nature of these relationships have occurred are examined: (1) 1800s Trinidad; (2) the Notting Hill Carnival from 1965-1970; (3) the Notting Hill Carnival from 1971-1989; and (4) the Notting Hill Carnival from 1990-present. This study contributes to the existing literature by focusing on how ritual and these types of relationships are intertwined in the production of the carnival. Implications of this research and possible directions for future research are also discussed.

New Roles for Business

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-358
Author(s):  
Christian Voegtlin ◽  
Andreas Georg Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Responsible Leadership ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

This chapter discusses the new role of businesses as responsible innovators. The world is facing “grand challenges” of sustainability, and business will play a crucial role in contributing to a sustainable future by providing innovative solutions that avoid further harm and actively do good. Particular challenges and opportunities are highlighted across the spectrum of economic sectors and firm-specific capabilities for corporate governance and responsible leadership that are conducive to responsible innovation are addressed. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future research into this new role for business firms.

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