Written on the Heart, Erased from the Mind

2021 ◽  
pp. 446-465
Author(s):  
Samuel E. Balentine

Can there be moral agency without autonomy? Absent the freedom to deliberate, make a choice, and enact a decision, does the covenantal relationship described in Jeremiah 31 understand fidelity to God to be anything more than involuntary obedience? Put differently, if both the covenantal requirements and the decision to obey them are externally inscribed on the human heart, if like computer software they are “programmed” into the operating system, do humans automatically surrender their freedom for thinking about moral decisions? This chapter examines the language of moral selfhood (both divine and human) in Jeremiah, with special attention to trauma theory as a hermeneutical lens for thinking about the “wounding of the mind” wrought by the experience of exile.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadila Putri Ayu

Perangkat Lunak merupakan salah satu perangkat yang dibutuhkan dalam menjalankan komputer. Perangkat lunak adalah perangkat yang tidak dapat dilihat dan disentuh secara langsung, namun dapat dioperasikan oleh user atau penggunanya. Perangkat lunak komputer (software) merupakan sekumpulan data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. Perangkat lunak disebut juga sebagai penerjemah perintah-perintah yang dijalankan pengguna komputer untuk diteruskan atau diproses oleh perangkat keras. Melalui software atau perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah. Secara garis besar software atau perangkat lunak dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga bagian yaitu, perangkat lunak sistem operasi, perangkat lunak sistem aplikasi dan bahasa pemograman.Kata Kunci : Perangkat Lunak AbstractComputer software is one of the devices needed to run a computer. Software is a device that cannot be seen and touched directly, but can be done by the user or the user. Computer software (software) is a collection of electronic data collected and compiled by a computer, electronic data stored by a computer may consist of programs or directions that will execute an order. Software is also referred to as a translator of commands run by computer users to be forwarded or processed by the hardware. It is through this software or software that a computer can run a request. Broadly speaking, software or software can be divided into three parts, namely, operating system software, application system software and programming languages.Keywords: Computer software


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adinda Ayu Fadhilah

Perangkat lunak komputer merupakan sebuah program komputer yang menjembatani pengguna komputer dan perangkat keras yang digunakannya. Dengan kata lain perangkat lunak merupakan penerjemah antara manusia sebagai orang yang memberi instruksi dan komputer sebagai pihak yang menerima instruksi. Perangkat lunak memang tidak tampak secara fisik dan tidak berwujud benda namun bisa untuk dioperasikan. Perangkat lunak secara garis besar software atau perangkat lunak dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga bagian yaitu, perangkat lunak sistem operasi, perangkat lunak sistem aplikasi dan bahasa pemograman.Kata kunci : Perangkat Lunak KomputerAbstractComputer software is a computer program that bridges computer users and the hardware they use. In other words software is a translator between humans as the person who gives instructions and the computer as the party who receives instructions. The software does not appear physically and is not tangible but can be operated. Software outline software or software can be classified into three parts, namely, operating system software, application system software and programming languages.. Keywords: Computer Software


Author(s):  
P. Saha ◽  
B. K. Rakshit ◽  
P. Mukhopadhyay

Abstract The present paper discusses the development of a computer software or code for a best-estimate analysis of Pressure Suppression Pool Hydrodynamics in a Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) system during a Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) at the primary heat transport system. The software has been developed on Microcomputers, namely, PC-XT or AT (286) under MS-DOS operating system.


Conatus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Gerard Elfstrom

Adam and Eve’s theft marks the beginning of the human career as moral agents.   This article will examine the assumptions underlying the notion of moral agency from the perspective of three unremarkable human beings who found themselves in situations of moral difficulty.  The article will conclude that these three people could not have acted differently than they did.  It will conclude that it is unreasonable to assume that ordinary human beings will inevitably possess the resources to address difficult moral decisions.


Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (514) ◽  
pp. 429-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix Cohen

Abstract The aim of this paper is to extract from Kant's writings an account of the nature of the emotions and their function – and to do so despite the fact that Kant neither uses the term ‘emotion’ nor offers a systematic treatment of it. Kant's position, as I interpret it, challenges the contemporary trends that define emotions in terms of other mental states and defines them instead first and foremost as ‘feelings’. Although Kant's views on the nature of feelings have drawn surprisingly little attention, I argue that the faculty of feeling has the distinct role of making us aware of the way our faculties relate to each other and to the world. As I show, feelings are affective appraisals of our activity, and as such they play an indispensable orientational function in the Kantian mind. After spelling out Kant's distinction between feeling and desire (§2), I turn to the distinction between feeling and cognition (§3) and show that while feelings are non-cognitive states, they have a form of derived-intentionality. §4 argues that what feelings are about, in this derived sense, is our relationship to ourselves and the world: they function as affective appraisals of the state of our agency. §5 shows that this function is necessary to the activity of the mind insofar as it is orientational. Finally, §6 discusses the examples of epistemic pleasure and moral contentment and argues that they manifest the conditions of cognitive and moral agency respectively.


2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sônia T. Felipe

A filosofia moral tradicional estabelece o critério da posse da razão como exigência para a definição da pertinência ou não de um sujeito à comunidade moral humana, e, pois, a ser considerado digno de respeito ético e justiça. Contrariando a tradição moral, Kenneth E. Goodpaster, Tom Regan e Paul W. Taylor redefinem a constituição da comunidade moral e o alcance da justiça, estabelecendo a perspectiva dos que são afetados pelas ações morais, não a dos sujeitos morais agentes, como a referência para se tomar decisões éticas relativas à justiça. Enquanto a filosofia moral tradicional considera apenas a categoria dos sujeitos morais agentes, estes autores desdobram a sujeição moral em duas possibilidades: a da agência e a da paciência moral. Com este desdobramento, mantêm-se a estatura dos agentes racionais como responsáveis pela moralidade, enquanto a vulnerabilidade às ações e decisões dos sujeitos morais agentes é levada em conta, permitindo a inclusão na comunidade moral e da justiça de interesses nãoracionais, de animais e ecossistemas nãoanimados, por exemplo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Agentes morais. Pacientes morais. Agência moral. Paciência moral. Responsabilidade. Vulnerabilidade. Kenneth E. Goodpaster. Tom Regan. Paul W. Taylor. ABSTRACT Traditional moral philosophy establishes reason as the only criterion for someone being morally considerable or recognized as member of the moral community. In contrast, Kenneth E. Goodpaster, Tom Regan and Paul W. Taylor do not agree with the moral tradition. On their perspective, the standpoint not of the agent but of the “patient” should be the central question of ethics in defining to whom principles of morality apply. While traditional philosophy operates only with the category of moral agents, these authors operates with both categories, moral agent and moral patient. They maintain that responsibility is the most significant question in defining the framework of human morality, a necessary condition to someone being considered a moral agent, possible only for rational beings, while vulnerability is the condition of being subjected to moral decisions and actions, independently of being rational or non rational. Being subjected to human morality is not a prerogative of rational beings. There are non rational interests common to humans, animals and plants, the inherent worth of life, for example, that are continuously subjected to human decisions. So, those have to be considered by ethics and justice. In order to be morally considerable it is not necessary to be rational, it is sufficient to be vulnerable to moral agency. KEY WORDS – Moral agent. Moral patient. Moral agency. Moral patience. Responsibility. Vulnerability. Kenneth E. Goodpaster. Tom Regan. Paul W. Taylor.


Author(s):  
Leemon B. McHenry

An event ontology has been proposed by various philosophers as a solution to certain philosophical problems. This chapter therefore explores briefly its implications for the mind-body problem, perception and causation, free will, personal identify and moral agency. An event ontology provides a consistent framework for addressing these problems.


Illuminatio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-161
Author(s):  
Mustafa Cerić

The focus of this article is a reflection on the nature of the human heart (al-qalb), human mind (al-‘aql) and human hand (al-yad). The heart is the place of emotion - love or hate; the mind is the place of thought - right or wrong; the hand is the tool of power – justice or injustice. So, the question may be asked, what is the tipping scale for the heart from love to hate; what makes the mind to think right or wrong; and what causes the hand to do justice or injustice? Then, what is the role of faith/religion in harmonizing the human heart, mind and hand? How can the Sīrah, the way of the life of the messenger of God, teach the human heart to love, the human mind to thing right and the human hand to act justly? What can man learn from the parallel lives and trials of the early aṣḥāb, the Prophet’s companions, and their immediate tābi’ūn, the followers? Here, the article introduces the way of life of two aṣḥāb: ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbās and Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal and one tābi‘un: Al-Qāḍī Shuraikh ibn Al-Ḥārith Al-Kindī, to show that the heart is not a pump that drives the blood, but it is the blood of love that drives the heart to love; that the mind is not a vessel to be filled, but the light to be kindled; and that the hand is not a tool to be abused, but a means to be used for justice. The author aims to open the way for a critique of the pure faith of Muslims. Indeed, the Muslims need to examine their faith in a serious way to find out the right exit from the current crisis of the relationship between their heart, mind and hand. Where is the pure faith of Muslims? Is it in their heart only? Is it in their mind only? Is it in their hand only? How can the Muslims connect these three into a coherent whole for the good of humanity? The good examples from the Sīrah might provide us with the right answer to these questions provided that the Muslims open their hearts, employ their minds and educate their hands. This article is trying to guide them to that direction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
M. Meghaa ◽  
Shobha Ramaswamy

Kazuo Ishiguro, receiver of the Nobel Prize for Literature in the year 2017, isa Nagasaki-born writer. He developed his writing career in the year 1982 and many of his novels have historical contextual ideas. The literary attributes of Ishiguro's works are acknowledged for his uniqueness in English writing and method. It blends the sequence of the plot, to the extraordinary subjectivity of the portrayal, and to the historical sensitivity which truly interweaves with the depictions.The nostalgic and evocative characteristics of his writings make him the master of prodigious artistic works. The renowned novel of Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day, which bagged him the prestigious Booker Prize in the year 1989, portrays the psychological niceties associated with the protagonist of the novel, Stevens.  Stevens is a butler who works under an aristocrat whom he revered the most at the beginning but later he was betrayed by knowing the facts of his lordship being associated with the Nazis during the World War.  Through the Trauma Theory this paper anatomizes the traumatic experiences of the mind, ramifications of thoughts and also the restrained dealings of human nature.This theory investigates the effect of trauma in writings and society, by examining its mental, logical, and social criticalness.The novel relocates the inherent presence of the theory throughplenteous incidents and contemplates on Stevens’ thoughts.  


Author(s):  
David DeMoss

Can a mass of networked neurons produce moral human agents? I shall argue that it can; a brain can be morally excellent. A connectionist account of how the brain works can explain how a person might be morally excellent in Aristotle's sense of the term. According to connectionism, the brain is a maze of interconnections trained to recognize and respond to patterns of stimulation. According to Aristotle, a morally excellent human is a practically wise person trained in good habits. What an Aristotelian theory of ethics and a connectionist theory of mind have in common is the assumption that the successful mind/brain has the disposition to behave appropriately in appropriate circumstances. According to Aristotle, the good person knows the right end, desires and chooses to pursue it, and recognizes the right means to it. Thus the good person's brain must be able to form certain moral concepts, develop appropriate behavioral dispositions, and learn practical reasoning skills. I shall argue that this collection of the brain's cognitive capacities is best accounted for by a connectionist theory of the mind/brain. The human condition is both material and moral; we are brain-controlled bodies with ethical values. My essay seeks to understand the relationship between our brains and our values, between how the brain works and how we make moral decisions.


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