Nativism

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-362
Author(s):  
Desiree Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
South African ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Women ◽  
The West ◽  
African People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Black Lesbians ◽  
Simultaneous Growth

Although the focus of this chapter is a particular recent photographer, its broader concern is with how performative African identities have been and continue to be imagined as anatomically and culturally generalized bodies. Several writers have identified the simultaneous growth of photography, ethnography, and colonizing projects from the nineteenth century. The photographed subject was frozen as an object for others’ scrutiny, with photography reinforcing the huge divide between the meanings attached to the surfaces of the bodies of African people and ideas about whiteness and the West. The chapter focuses on how anthropological constructs and codes perist in ostensibly postcolonial and counterhegemonic representations. It analyzes the contemporary photographs of the internationally acclaimed South African photographer Zanele Muholi, especially images from her “Faces and Phases” photographs of black lesbians and transmen. On one hand, the portraits are powerful political statements: they portray the dignity and courage of certain lesbians and transmen, make a marginalized community visible in a heterosexist and racist public sphere, and gesture toward meanings of African identities that are radically at odds with both colonial and (patriarchal) nationalist identities. On the other hand, viewers are invited to recognize the agency and public visibility of the subject in ways similar to how viewers of colonial and nationalist performances have been encouraged to recognize and categorize the bodies of authentic African women and men.

scholarly journals The System of British Colonial Administration of the Crown Colonies in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Compared with the System Prevailing in the Nineteenth Century

1918 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 190-217
Author(s):  
H. E. Egerton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
The West ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Responsible Government ◽  
The Subject ◽  
British Colonial

The most learned of historians would find it difficult to add much to the sum of knowledge in treating the subject of my paper. That subject is the comparison between the administration of certain colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and their administration in the nineteenth. The question is why, whereas in most colonies there has been steady progress from representative to responsible government-Lord Blachford was clearly wrong when he seemed to imply that Crown Colony government was the necessary preliminary to both these-in the West Indies, on the other hand, the tendency has been in the opposite direction, viz. from representative to Crown Colony government.

Unveiling the subject behind diversity: Exploring the micro-politics of representation in ethnic minority creatives’ identity work

Organization ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Zanoni ◽  
Annelies Thoelen ◽  
Sierk Ybema
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Politics Of Representation ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Subject

Much literature on the cultural industries celebrates ethnicity as a source of creativity. Despite its positive connotation, this discourse reduces ethnic minority creatives to manifestations of a collective ethnic identity automatically leading to creativity, creating a paradox of creativity without a creative subject. Approaching creatives with an ethnic minority background as agents, this article investigates how they self-reflectively and purposely discursively construct ethnicity as a source of creativity in their identity work. Empirically, we analyze interviews with well-established creatives with an ethnic minority background active in Belgium. Most respondents construct their ethnic background as ‘hybrid’, ‘exotic’, or ‘liminal’ to craft an identity as creatives and claim creativity for their work. Only few refuse to discursively deploy ethnicity as a source of creativity, crafting more individualized identities as creatives. Our study contributes to the literature on power and ethnicity in the creative industries by documenting ethnic minority creatives’ discursive micro-struggle over what is creative work and who qualifies as a creative. Specifically, we show their counterpolitics of representation of ethnicity in the creative industries through the re-signification of the relation between the ‘west’ and the ‘other’ in less disadvantageous terms. Despite such re-signification, the continued relevance of the discourse of ethnicity as a key marker of difference suggests that ethnicity remains a principle of unequal organization of the creative industries.

SPATIAL FORMATION IN ARCADES: ANKARA-YENİŞEHİR ARCADES

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (21) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Merve KURT KIRAL ◽  
Emel AKIN
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Buildings

Spaces are conditioned by social conditions; on the other hand, social structure is affected by spaces. Arcades, the subject of this article, first appeared in Europe in the 18th century as a result of an increase in trading activities. The arcades in Ankara, which were started to be built in the 1950s together with increasing trading activities, contributed to the urban economy with intense activities of shopping, re-determined social and urban relations as essential places of everyday life and became distinctive urban buildings with their original building typologies and the function of maintaining public continuity in the area of private ownership. Aim: This study aims to study the process in which passages emerged and to analyze their spatial features and, in particular, to examine the spatial formation of the distinctive passages in Ankara on the basis of their causation. Method: In the article, spatial features of the passages in the West were mentioned, and the conditions of the period in which the passages in Ankara were built were briefly explained. Spatial analysis of the passages found in the research area were conducted, and the formation of these passages were analyzed together with their reasons. Results: Of the 31 arcades in Ankara, 27 were built between 1950 and 1980 on and around the Atatürk Boulevard in Yenişehir/Kizilay. As of the mid-1950s, new planning decisions which were made one after the other in the built-up area re-shaped the Boulevard and its surrounding as the existing buildings were demolished, allowing to construct new buildings with arcades or stores in their entrances. Their interior designs and connections to the streets are different from the arcades in the West. Conclusion: The present subdivision system and new planning decisions applied in property order shaped the passages which were peculiar to Ankara.

A Romano-British Interment, with Bucket and Sceptres, from Brough, East Yorkshire

1938 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Corder ◽  
I. A. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chief Interest ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
The Way

The Roman Ermine Street, having crossed the Humber on the way to York from Lincoln, leaves Brough Haven on its west side, and the little town of Petuaria to the east. For the first half-mile northwards from the Haven its course is not certainly known: then, followed by the modern road, it runs northwards through South Cave towards Market Weighton. In the area thus traversed by the Roman road burials of the Roman age have already been noted in sufficient quantity to suggest an extensive cemetery. The interment which is the subject of the present note was found on 10th October 1936, when men laying pipes at right angles to the modern road, in the carriage-drive of Mr. J. G. Southam, having cut through some 4 ft. of blown sand, came upon a mass of mixed Roman pottery, dating from the late first to the fourth century A.D. Bones of pig, dog, sheep, and ox were also represented. Presently, at a depth of about 5 ft., something attracted closer attention. A layer of thin limestone slabs was found, covering two human skeletons, one lying a few feet from the west margin of the modern road, the other parallel with the road and some 8 ft. from its edge. The objects described below were found with the second skeleton, and the first to be discovered was submitted by Mr. Southam to Mr. T. Sheppard, F.S.A.Scot., Director of the Hull Museums, who visited the site with his staff. All that can be recorded of the circumstances of the discovery is contained in the observations then made, under difficult conditions. ‘Slabs of hard limestone’, it was reported, ‘taken from a local quarry of millepore oolite and forming the original Roman road, were distinctly visible beneath the present roadway—one of the few points where the precise site of the old road has been located. On the side of this… a burial-place has been constructed. What it was like originally it is difficult to say, beyond that a layer of thin … slabs of limestone occurred over the skeletons. This had probably been kept in place or supported by some structure of wood, as several large iron nails, some bent at right angles, were among the bones.’ If this were all that could be said about the burials, they would hardly merit a place in these pages. The chief interest of the record would be its apparent identification of the exact course of the Roman road at a point where this had hitherto been uncertain. Three objects associated with the second skeleton are, however, of exceptional interest.

Conflicting obituaries: the Abyssinian ‘outlaw’ Debeb as treacherous bandit and romantic hero in late nineteenth-century Italian imagination

Modern Italy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-419
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Romantic Hero ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Folk Hero ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In 1886 the Abyssinian chief Debeb became a public figure in Italy as a rapacious colonial bandit. However, over the next five years he acquired additional public personas, even contradictory ones: as a condottiero ally, a ladies’ man, a traitor, a young Abyssinian aristocrat and pretender to an ancient throne, a chivalrous warrior, and a figure representing the frontier and an Africa mysterious and hidden to Europeans. Upon his 1891 death in combat, he was the subject of conflicting Italian press obituaries. For some commentators, Debeb exemplified treacherous and deceitful African character, an explanation for Italy's colonial disappointments and defeats. However, other commentators clothed him in a romanticised mystique and found in him martial and even chivalrous traits to admire and emulate. To this extent his persona blurred the line demarcating the African ‘other’. Although he first appeared to Italians as a bandit, the notion of the bandit as a folk hero (the ‘noble robber’ or ‘social bandit’, Hobsbawm) does not fit his case. A more fruitful approach is to consider his multi-faceted public persona as reflecting the ongoing Italian debate over ‘national character’ (Patriarca). In the figure of Debeb, public debates over colonialism and ‘national character’ merged, with each contributing to the other.

How Apartheid Education Encouraged and Reinforced Tribalism and Xenophobia in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-151
Author(s):  
Mashudu Peter Makhado ◽  
Tshifhiwa Rachel Tshisikhawe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
African People

Apartheid like colonialism was anchored on the divisions of African people according to ethnic and tribal orientations among others. The idea of the South African apartheid government was to build tribal exceptionalism and superiority which would make one tribe feel more superior than the other. A Zulu would feel better human than a Sotho, while a Venda would feel the same over a Tsonga, for example. This is a qualitative desktop study investigating how apartheid education was used to fuel tribalism and xenophobia in South Africa.

Notes on the Types of English Villages and their Distribution

Antiquity ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Page
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Division I ◽  
The West ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
Mountainous Country

Little has been done towards solving the problem of the Saxon settlement of England by studying the types of villages and their distribution. Professor Maitland saw the importance of the subject and pointed out how valuable in this respect was the ordnance map ‘that marvellous palimpsest which under Dr Meitzen's guidance we are beginning to decipher’. Helpful, however, as the ordnance maps are, they cannot be read alone, a knowledge of the archaeology, history and topography of the district under review is a necessary equipment for such an investigation. The remarks here made are tentative and are offered in the hope they may be an incentive to others with local knowledge to examine the evidence of their districts.Professor Maitland, following Dr. Meitzen and others, has adopted two main types of settlements, namely, the scattered or dispersed, and the nucleated or clustered. These two types probably comprehend all forms of settlements, but certainly the nucleated type and possibly the scattered type, show many variants which it may be well to indicate before a methodical study of the subject can be made. I have elsewhere suggested the following classification of English towns and villages which will no doubt require modification and amplification but may meet a want for a preliminary inquiry; (I) scattered or dispersed settlements, (2) nucleated or clustered settlements off lines of communication, (3) nucleated settlements on lines of communication, (4) ring-fence settlements, (5) towns with bridge heads and double towns, (6) towns of gridiron plan, (7) towns of spider's web plan, (8) Bastide towns. Except for the first of these classes all of them are nucleated or clustered, and to this wider division I propose to devote my attention. It may perhaps be pointed out, however, that the scattered or dispersed settlements occur chiefly in Wales and in the west and north of England. They are found throughout Cornwall, in Devon, Somerset and the open parts of the Welsh border counties, in Yorkshire and Derbyshire, and probably they are the origin of the great parishes with their numerous townships of the other northern counties. They were adapted for a pastoral people and are generally to be found in moorland or mountainous country which has become divided into large parishes. They consist of hamlets and single houses or small groups of houses scattered somewhat promiscuously throughout a district. The principal hamlet from which the settlement or parish takes its name-which was probably the meeting place of the district and where the church was eventually placed-was generally on high land or a main road and frequently at cross roads, bridges, or such like places of nodality.

Nathan Söderblom and the Study of Religion

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Biblical Criticism ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

To the student of the recent history of theological ideas in the West, it sometimes seems as though, of all the ‘new’ subjects that have been intro duced into theological discussion during the last hundred or so years, only two have proved to be of permanent significance. One is, of course, biblical criticism, and the other, the subject which in my University is still called ‘comparative religion’—the (as far as possible) dispassionate study of the religions of the world as phenomena in their own right.

scholarly journals The Painter and the Princess: Constructing Feminism/Decentring Orientalism between Copenhagen, Istanbul, Cairo and Tunis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-71
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Johnsrud Zorgati
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Literature And Politics ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article explores the encounters between a Polish-Danish painter and an Egyptian princess in the second part of the nineteenth century, at the junction of Orientalism, modernism and Islamic reformism. The painter Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann is known for her Orientalist paintings and autobiographical writings, while Princess Nazli Fadhel was a hostess of influential intellectual salons in Cairo and Tunis and, as such, a contributor to the world of art, literature and politics. Jerichau-Baumann and Nazli Fadhel were both creative and controversial personalities engaged in the cultural and political debates of their time. They were outspoken and well-travelled, which challenged conventional gender roles. Based on Scandinavian, English, French and Arabic sources concerning Jerichau-Baumann and Nazli Fadhel's lives, this article argues that the activities of these two women are testament to the increasing international importance of feminist discourses in the late nineteenth century. Their encounter is emblematic of the rapidly expanding connections across cultural, linguistic, and religious boundaries that characterized the nineteenth-century world. It thus questions the binary constructions – the idea of the West/Europe and the Other – underlying the paradigm of Orientalism.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON “TACIT UNIVERSAL PARTNERSHIPS”: CLARITY AT LAST: EX-PARTNER CAN GET SLICE OF THE PIE

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Subramanien
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Liability ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

There is no assumption of marriage in South African law in consequence of cohabitation regardless of the duration of the relationship. Our law does not give automatic rights to partners in a cohabitation relationship. If one of the parties dies without leaving a will for instance, the domestic partner is not legally entitled to inherit or to claim maintenance from the deceased’s estate. An aggrieved party would have to go to court to show that the parties were partners in a “universal partnership” and that the one party owes something to the other. The question that often arises is whether any mechanisms exist for the division of assets accumulated in a cohabitation situation on separation of the parties. If parties have cohabited and they can prove that a tacit universal partnership exists between them, all property of such apartnership is deemed to be jointly owned by the parties and debts are the joint liability of the parties. The issue as to whether a tacit universal partnership extends beyond commercial undertakings and whether the contribution by each party must be confined to profit-making has been the subject of much debate by our courts but has finally been decided by the court in the cases of Ponelat v Schrepfer (2012 (1) SA 206 (SCA)) and Butters v Mncora (181/2011) [2012] ZASCA 29 (28 March 2012)).

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