Preposterous Nature in Shakespeare’s Tragedies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Representations Of Nature

Nature is always a slippery word, not least in Shakespeare’s tragedies. This chapter focuses on the plays’ evocations of and engagements with material nature, in regard to both the external environment (for example weather, plants and animals) and the human body (for example the various humoural substances and vital spirits that constitute what Gail Kern Paster calls the ‘psychophysiology’ of the early modern body). In so doing, the chapter seeks to demonstrate some of the differences between Shakespearean representations of nature and those bequeathed by what Bruno Latour calls ‘the Modern Constitution’.

scholarly journals IgA Vasculitis: Etiology, Treatment, Biomarkers and Epigenetic Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7538
Author(s):  
Hitomi Sugino ◽  
Yu Sawada ◽  
Motonobu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Flexible Response

IgA, previously called Henoch-Schönlein vasculitis, is an essential immune component that drives the host immune response to the external environment. As IgA has the unique characteristic of a flexible response to broad types of microorganisms, it sometimes causes an autoreactive response in the host human body. IgA vasculitis and related organ dysfunction are representative IgA-mediated autoimmune diseases; bacterial and viral infections often trigger IgA vasculitis. Recent drug developments and the presence of COVID-19 have revealed that these agents can also trigger IgA vasculitis. These findings provide a novel understanding of the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis. In this review, we focus on the characteristics of IgA and symptoms of IgA vasculitis and other organ dysfunction. We also mention the therapeutic approach, biomarkers, novel triggers for IgA vasculitis, and epigenetic modifications in patients with IgA vasculitis.

Salvage

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-859
Author(s):  
EVAN CALDER WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
Future Possibility ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
History Of

This essay develops a history of salvage both as particular activity and as concept, arguing that it has quietly become one of the fundamental structures of thought that shape how we envision future possibility. However, the contemporary sense of the word, which designates the recuperation or search for value in what has already been destroyed, is a recent one and represents a significant transformation from the notion of salvage in early modern European maritime and insurance law. In that earlier iteration, salvage denoted payment received for helping to avert a disaster, such as keeping the ship and its goods from sinking in the first place. Passing through the dislocation of this concept into private salvage firms, firefighting companies, military usage, avant-garde art, and onto the human body itself in the guise of “personal risk,” the essay argues that the twentieth century becomes indelibly marked by a sense of the disaster that has already occurred. The second half of the essay passes into speculative culture, including fiction, video games, and film, to suggest that the most critical approaches to salvage have often come under the sign of science fiction but that the last decade in particular has shown how recent quotidian patterns of gentrification and defused antagonism have articulated stranger shifts in the figure of salvage than any speculative imaginary can currently manage.

Comparison of clinical and cost effectiveness of accelerated study of sterility of intravascular catheters and drains

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
V. G. Kormilitsyna ◽  
V. G. Zaletaeva ◽  
S. O. Sharapchenko ◽  
R. Sh. Saidgareev ◽  
M. Yu. Sinyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Human Body ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Intravascular Catheters

The results of a new method for detecting the contamination of intravascular catheters and drains are presented to assess its clinical and cost-effectiveness. Catheters are one of the most widely used devices in critically ill patients. The insertion of a catheter into the central venous system is an invasive procedure that can potentially lead to life-threatening complications for the patient. Catheters are a gateway for infection as they connect the external environment to the internal parts of the human body, causing catheter-associated infections. More than 15 % of patients with an established IVC develop complications, of which the most frequent and requiring removal of the vascular catheter are infectious (5–26 %) and mechanical (up to 25 %). Risk factors for catheter-associated conditions are crucial for hospital mortality.

Early Modern Afro-Caribbean Healers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo F. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Native American ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
New World ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
Natural Landscapes

In the early modern Spanish Caribbean, ritual practitioners of African descent were essential providers of health care for Caribbean people of all origins. Arriving from West and West Central Africa, Europe, and other Caribbean and New World locales, black healers were some of the most important shapers of practices related to the human body in the region. They openly performed bodily rituals of African, European, and Native American inspiration. Theirs is not a history uniquely defined by resistance or attempts at cultural survival, but rather by the creation of political and social capital through healing practices. Such a project was only possible through their exploration of and engagement with early modern Caribbean human and natural landscapes.

scholarly journals FROM THE MONARCHY TREE TO NATION: THE USE OF METAPHORS IN EARLY MODERN FRENCH POLITICAL DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Ludmila Pimenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Body Metaphor ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Republic

The article examines three legal treatises written between the late 16th and late 18th centuries, whose authors used the language of metaphors, analyzing also the way this language was reflected in images. Both jurists and artists tried to demonstrate to their readers and spectators that society was unified and, at the same time, consisted of estates unequal in their status. For this purpose, metaphors of the human body, tree, army, and family were used. Over the period under discussion, the attitude towards metaphors changed significantly. Although the possibility of using the language of metaphors to adequately describe and know society was put into doubt more than once in the 17th and 18th centuries, contemporaries did not abandon this language. In the 18th century, many of the usual metaphors were rethought in Enlightenment literature, as well as in journalism and propaganda texts published on the eve of the French Revolution. The body metaphor received a new interpretation within the framework of the social contract concept, while the image of France as the king’s spouse was transformed into the figure of Marianne the Republic.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Human Microbiota: From Multicelled Organ to Ecological Community

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Foxman ◽  
Deborah Goldberg ◽  
Courtney Murdock ◽  
Chuanwu Xi ◽  
Janet R. Gilsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Microbial Symbionts

The microbiota of a typical, healthy human contains 10 times as many cells as the human body and incorporates bacteria, viruses, archea, protozoans, and fungi. This diverse microbiome (the collective genomes of the microbial symbionts that inhabit a human host) is essential for human functioning. We discuss the unstated assumptions and implications of current conceptualizations of human microbiota: (1) a single unit that interacts with the host and the external environment; a multicelled organ; (2) an assemblage of multiple taxa, but considered as a single unit in its interactions with the host; (3) an assemblage of multiple taxa, which each interacts with the host and the environment independently; and (4) a dynamic ecological community consisting of multiple taxa each potentially interacting with each other, the host, and the environment. Each conceptualization leads to different predictions, methodologies, and research strategies.

Health

Deadly Virtue ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
Heather Martel
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Diet Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Transformation

According to early European understandings of the body and identity, love could cause a fundamental transformation: a personality change or a change of cultural, spiritual, and political allegiance. With a change in hygienic customs, the human body would change form, color, and even gender. This chapter explains the larger framework of health and identity common to all early modern Europeans, humoralism (or Galenic medicine), an ancient science that defined human bodies as mutable and expected to change with the environment, diet, behavior, and emotion. Seemingly ethnographic descriptions of Indigenous people applied this framework in order to anticipate and prevent the transformation of Christians by Indigenous people and the environments of the Atlantic world and Florida.

To travel to suffer: towards a reverse anthropology of the early modern colonial body

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Vanhaesebrouck
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Cultural Imagination ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Colonial Body ◽  
A Site

By focusing on the way early modern plays staged these colonial encounters, this contribution will address the question of the enslaved body which functioned as a site of both cultural exoticism and compassionate identification, directly dealing with complex issues such as pain, cruelty and martyrdom. This chapter will take two specific texts as its starting point: the fascinating play Les Portugais infortunés (1608) by Nicolas Chrétien des Croix, which stages an encounter of a shipwrecked Portuguese crew with an indigenous African tribe, and La Peinture spirituelle (1611) by Louis Richome, the account of the massacre of 39 Catholic martyrs from the ‘Compagnie de Jésus’, murdered by Protestants, on their way to Brazil on the 15th of July in 1570. In both cases the human body functions as a spectacular locus of intercultural dialogue (or warfare). This chapter proposes an analysis of both texts, not as literature in the first place, but as artefacts of cultural imagination which question the idea of alterity and the all too easy dichotomy between the self and the other, while at the same time showing that Europe, Africa and Brazil (or by extension South America) share a history and a culture of the (hurt) body.

The Android of Albertus Magnus

AI Narratives ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Ben Halliburton
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Gerbert Of Aurillac ◽  
Insight Into

In medieval and early modern writings, there is a cluster of stories concerning an artificial construct in the shape of a human body or a head that is animated for the purpose of divination, associated with such figures as Gerbert of Aurillac, Robert Grosseteste, Albertus Magnus, and Roger Bacon. Among them, the Albertus legends have been retold numerous times in interesting variations that provide insight into the changing attitudes towards intellectual magic. Given the fact that the wondrous object is described as being able to converse and even reason, its nature as a kind of medieval AI has made it an object of interest in recent books on AI, robotics, and posthumanity. In this article, the major appearances of Albertus’s speaking statue/head story will be examined in detail to show that the explanation for the wonder moved from astrology to demonic agency, as well as to pure mechanics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document