Functional Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
J. Lachlan Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Language Typology ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Spatio Temporal

All functional approaches share the conviction that the structure of languages and their historical development are strongly impacted by the cognitive properties of language users, the social relations between them, and the spatio-temporal and socio-cultural contexts in which they operate. This chapter describes how functionalism has impinged on the study of English grammar and covers the interrelations of discourse and grammar, various corpus- and usage-based approaches, the influence of processing considerations, the hierarchical organization of the clause, information structure, the noun phrase, and the contributions of language typology. The grammatical analysis of English has been enriched by the insight that its structures are bound up with our ability to participate in dialogues, to construct written texts, to surmize the state of mind of our conversational partner, to modulate our formulations to maximize politeness, and to use different registers or dialects in different social contexts.

Utopia, Labor, and Informational Capitalism

2015 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Marco Briziarelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Informational Capitalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Political Economic

Through the lens of a political economic approach, I consider the question whether or not social media can promote social change. I claim that whereas media have consistently channeled technological utopia/dystopia, thus be constantly linked to aspirations and fear of social change, the answer to that question does not depend on their specific nature but on historically specific social relations in which media operate. In the case here considered, it requires examining the social relations re-producing and produced by informational capitalism. More specifically, I examine how the productive relations that support user generated content practices of Facebook users affect social media in their capability to reproduce and transform existing social contexts. Drawing on Fuchs and Sevignani's (2013) distinction between “work” and “labor” I claim that social media reflect the ambivalent nature of current capitalist mode of production: a contest in which exploitative/emancipatory as well as reproductive/transformative aspects are articulated by liberal ideology.

scholarly journals Instrumental approach towards tradition in the conceptual and social contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Rakhinsky ◽  
Grigorii Andreevich Illarionov ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Gorodishcheva ◽  
Nikolai Alekseevich Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cross Effect ◽  
Instrumental Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Subject

  The subject of this research is the dynamics of conceptualization of the phenomenon of cultural reproduction, expressed in the concepts of tradition and cultural memory, as well as the related concepts of the invention of tradition, historical memory, and post-truth. The article analyzes the transformation of epistemological approach that took place in the late XX century towards reproduction of culture, reflected in the change of the fundamental conceptual metaphor – from “delivery”(traditio) to “memory”, which means a shift in the dominant approach towards the structure of cultural continuum that appears to be attributed not to the objective reproducible content, rather than its construction by the subject. It is suggested to examine the questions of current interrelation between post-truth and public consciousness. The author creates an instrumental approach towards tradition, which is characterized by pragmatism expressed in the intention towards management of social relations, where tradition is a tool for managing the present through the formation of representations about the past, and constructivism, which implies that tradition is a construct of perception formed in the present, not reflecting the past itself. Being internalized in a broad social context, the instrumental approach is realized within the framework of the state of post-truth, which does not consider the past crucial for the formation of public opinion compared to other personal beliefs, as well as management methods applied to the latter. Problematization of the theme of post-truth demonstrates the internalization of instrumental approach into a broad social context, indicating the cross-effect pf epistemological and general cultural social context with regards to problem of interrelation between the social past and the present.  

scholarly journals Attachment to Mobile Phones across Social Contexts

2015 ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burçe Çelik ◽  
Fırat Erdoğmuş
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Literature

This article presents a critical literature review of the major works on mobile phone culture, which examine the whys and wherefores of this technology's popularity in different socio-economic and cultural landscapes. Thus, it focuses particularly on how these multiplicities and varieties have been discussed, analyzed and researched in the existing mobile phone literature. There are different lines of research which can be categorized as following: the major works (mostly empirical studies whose findings are based on fieldwork) that demonstrate the mobile phone's use and instrumental value for people who are physically mobile and need instantaneous and spontaneous connections with others; the works that focus on the social promise of the mobile phone such as providing a means of social acceptance, through implying social status and particular lifestyles to polish one's face and gain recognition in social relations; and finally the studies that emphasize the sensing, affecting and affected, and fantasies of the body and the collective in contemplating the bond between body and mobile phone.

Utopia, Labor, and Informational Capitalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 817-836
Author(s):  
Marco Briziarelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Informational Capitalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Political Economic

Through the lens of a political economic approach, I consider the question whether or not social media can promote social change. I claim that whereas media have consistently channeled technological utopia/dystopia, thus be constantly linked to aspirations and fear of social change, the answer to that question does not depend on their specific nature but on historically specific social relations in which media operate. In the case here considered, it requires examining the social relations re-producing and produced by informational capitalism. More specifically, I examine how the productive relations that support user generated content practices of Facebook users affect social media in their capability to reproduce and transform existing social contexts. Drawing on Fuchs and Sevignani's (2013) distinction between “work” and “labor” I claim that social media reflect the ambivalent nature of current capitalist mode of production: a contest in which exploitative/emancipatory as well as reproductive/transformative aspects are articulated by liberal ideology.

scholarly journals Identity in different contexts: Traditionalism, modernism and postmodernism

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Miomirka Lucic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Ideology

The paper puts emphasis on the experience of cultural identity through various social contexts: traditionalism, modernism and postmodernism. Special attention is directed towards the analysis of the position of an individual, and the social framework in which that individual creates his/her identity. Analysis of different theoretical approaches reveals that the cultural identity is a category which permanently changes, but we should not lose sight of the fact that there are certain determinants which suggest that cultural identity in traditional, modern and postmodern societies bears certain similarities. In most scientific studies there is a claim that an individual overcame his/her ontological connection to community and dependence on it, and that reflexivity becomes the norm. However, if you go deeper into the essence of social relations you can find that space for individuality and free acting of an individual is freed from heteronomy as a traditional form of behavior, but not freed from the strong influence of market ideology that largely determines and affects human activities. Therefore, an individual more and more consumes what already exits, while less and less acts as an authentic creator. That dependence goes through a metamorphosis, expressing itself in a different form and with different intensity in different social contexts, but does not disappear.

scholarly journals Dance Like Someone is Watching

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 205920431880784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Carlson ◽  
Birgitta Burger ◽  
Petri Toiviainen
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modest Effect

Although dancing often takes place in social contexts such as a club or party, previous study of such music-induced movement has focused mainly on individuals. The current study explores music-induced movement in a naturalistic dyadic context, focusing on the influence of personality, using five-factor model (FFM) traits, and trait empathy on participants’ responses to their partners. Fifty-four participants were recorded using motion capture while dancing to music excerpts alone and in dyads with three different partners, using a round-robin approach. Analysis using the Social Relations Model (SRM) suggested that the unique combination of each pair caused more variation in participants’ amount of movement than did individual factors. Comparison with self-reported personality and empathy measures provided some preliminary insights into the role of individual differences in such interaction. Self-reported empathy was linked to greater differences in amount of movement in responses to different partners. When looking at males only, this effect persisted for the whole body, head, and hands. For females, there was a significant relationship between participants’ Agreeableness (an FFM trait) and their partners’ head movements, suggesting that head movement may function socially to indicate affiliation in a dance context. Although consisting of modest effect sizes resulting from multiple comparisons, these results align with current theory and suggest possible ways that social context may affect music-induced movement and provide some direction for future study of the topic.

Fanon’s Idealism: Hopeful Resignation, Violence, and Healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-251
Author(s):  
Carolyn Ureña
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
French Colonialism ◽  
New Man ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Point Of Departure

The Spirit of Bandung is marked by its idealism, a state of mind few associate with the revolutionary Martinican physician and psychiatrist Frantz Fanon, who is perhaps best known for Les damnés de la terre, in particular its opening chapter on violence. And yet, Fanon’s work, too, is marked by a keen sense of hope as he urges himself and his readers, “[to] make a new start, develop a new way of thinking, and endeavor to create a new man.” As a clinician and philosopher who combined phenomenology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis in his work, Fanon draws our attention to the importance of healing the physical, affective, and epistemological wounds of anti-black racism by attending to the social relations that produce them. This paper takes as a point of departure Fanon’s “Letter to the Resident Minister (1956),” in which he resigns from his post as Médecin-Chef de service at the Psychiatric Hospital of Blida-Joineville in war-torn Algeria. More than a gesture, I argue that Fanon’s active withdrawal as a representative of French colonialism enabled Fanon to write Wretched of the Earth and raises the question of what role hopeful resignation can have in achieving decolonial healing.

Aesthetics, Chinese

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Personal Feeling

In China, poetry, painting and calligraphy are traditionally known as the ‘Three Perfections’ of the cultivated scholar. They are construed as ethico-aesthetic acts of self-signification and are evaluated as to their efficacy in fostering harmonious relations of social exchange within the concrete circumstances of particular social contexts. In contrast to Western notions of mimesis, the Chinese poetic tradition assumes the existence of fundamental, mutually implicating correlations between the patterns (wen) immanent in nature and those of human culture. This gives rise to two traditions of Chinese poetics. First, there is the canonical tradition of Confucian exegesis, in which a poem was assumed to invoke a network of pre-established categorical correlations (lei) between poet and world, which enabled the imagery to be read as verbal indices of both personal feeling and the relative stability of the social and natural order. Second, there is the non-canonical tradition of neo-Daoist and Buddhist-inspired poetics which represented a shift from the didactic to the affective power of natural imagery to make reference to the poet’s state of mind. Calligraphy and painting were adopted by the gentleman-scholar as ethico-aesthetic practices of xiushen (self-cultivation) and self-expression, and for promotion of social exchange. Early writings describing calligraphy and painting deploy metaphorical imagery that makes reference to both nature and the body. This imagery invoked the indigenous correlative rhetoric that sought consonance between the patterns immanent within the natural order and those of the human realm. The embodiment of tradition, through the practice of making artistic references to the past, was fundamental to the art of the scholar-painter, for it served to establish one’s artistic lineage and to sanction or authorize one’s own self-presentation within a particular historical situation.

Music and Dance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Zbikowski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Franz Schubert ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an introduction to and analyses of relationships between music and dance in two dance practices from Western Europe: the first from early eighteenth-century France, the second from early nineteenth-century Vienna. The chapter introduces French dance notation and shows how it facilitates an analysis of the steps and music for a bourrée. The analysis offers insights into the musical grammar of the bourrée and the contribution that dance practice made to the construction of social relations in the court of Louis XIV. The second dance practice is that of the waltz, which had a prominent place in the social landscape of early nineteenth-century Vienna. Analyses of waltzes by Josef Lanner and Franz Schubert make clear the relationship between the music and steps of the waltz, as well as how composers adapted their music to the different social contexts within which the dance was performed.

scholarly journals The neuroscience of social relations. A comparative-based approach to empathy and to the capacity of evaluating others’ action value

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 297-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier F. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
The Social

One of the key questions in understanding human morality is how central are emotions in influencing our decisions and in our moral judgments. Theoretical work has proposed that empathy could play an important role in guiding our tendencies to behave altruistically or selfishly. Neurosciences suggest that one of the core elements of empathic behaviour in human and nonhuman primates is the capacity to internally mimic the behaviour of others, through the activation of shared motor representations. Part of the neural circuits involves parietal and premotor cortical regions (mirror system), in conjunction with other areas, such as the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex. Together with this embodied neural mechanism, there is a cognitive route in which individuals can evaluate the social situation without necessary sharing the emotional state of others. For example, several brain areas of the prefrontal cortex track the effects of one’s own behaviour and of the value of one’s own actions in social contexts. It is here proposed that, moral cognition could emerge as the consequence of the activity of emotional processing brain networks, probably involving mirror mechanisms, and of brain regions that, through abstract-inferential processing, evaluate the social context and the value of actions in terms of abstract representations. A comparative-based approach to the neurobiology of social relations and decision-making may explain how complex mental faculties, such as moral judgments, have their foundations in brain networks endowed with functions related to emotional and abstract-evaluation processing of goods. It is proposed that in primate evolution these brain circuits have been co-opted in the social domain to integrate mechanisms of self-reward, estimation of negative outcomes, with emotional engagement.

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