Reading

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Mary Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Frame Narrative ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Two Bodies

Focused on canto I of Inferno and the frame narrative of the Vita Nova, this essay examines the medieval cultural traditions and techniques involved in careful reading. These derive from two bodies of traditional education, ancient Greco-Roman and early Judeo-Christian. These were enhanced by reforms from the twelfth century, many disseminated from the abbey of St Victor by Augustinians and other monastic orders, and later by friars including St Bonaventure. Reading, remembering, and imagining are interdependent activities in the practices of contemplative thinking. Such reading has three characteristics. It is forcefully engaged and intense, not detached and objective. It is frequent, in the sense of being often re-visited, for creative meditation begins with something familiar and expands on it. And it is profoundly social. Medieval meditational reading is a set of continuing conversations, not intended to close off interpretation but to stimulate fruitful reflection and contemplation.

6. The long interlude: (12th century to 7th century bc )

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Trevor Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Bronze Age

In the early twelfth century bc, the Greek and Near Eastern worlds were shaken by a series of catastrophic upheavals that brought the Bronze Age to an end. ‘The long interlude’ outlines the period of Babylonian history spanning the centuries from the fall of the Kassite dynasty in the mid-twelfth century to the rise of the Neo-Babylonian kingdom in the late seventh. In the course of these centuries, a number of dynasties rose and fell in Babylonia, most of them weak and short-lived, reflecting the frequent ebb and occasional flow of Babylonia’s political and military fortunes. Environmental factors, new tribal groups, and the preservation of Babylonian cultural traditions are discussed.

The power of paradox: notes on categories of the tragic, mono no aware, and lacrimae rerum

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Maria Korusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Greco Roman

The paper is an attempt to investigate the intriguing convergence of the inner logic of three aesthetic categories that emerge from the experience of finitude of existence in diverse cultural environments: the awareness of the tragic in Western cultures, the Japanese category of mono no aware, expressing the painful beauty of things in their impermanence, and a famous Greco-Roman notion of lacrimae rerum (tears of things). All three – despite the deep disparities between the cultural traditions they represent – prove to be the ‘places’ of paradox, of powerful synchronic tension resulting from the ‘clash’ of contradictory forces, transforming one’s perception of the universum. It seems that it is the paradoxical nature of the experiences labelled by these categories (as confirmed by neuroscience) that allows us to confront our finitude with the aid of aesthetic tools.

Constructions of Christian Identity in the Northern Periphery: the Sawley World Map in Twelfth-Century England

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
MIHAI DRAGNEA
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman

An exploration of the complex relationship between Christian constructions of identity and the idea of sacrality derived from the ancient Greco-Roman world, this article argues that Christian identity developed uniquely in a specific context, often intertwined with theology and mythology. The complex relationship between the two was crucial in the construction of Christian identity in the lands recently converted, and influenced the authors of world maps from the eleventh century onward. This study investigates how the pagan past and Christian present were incorporated in some world maps, such as the twelfth-century English Sawley map. Thus it offers readers a coherent analysis of early history-writing in northern Europe in the first centuries after conversion.

scholarly journals Entanglement as a Hermeneutic Tool for Interpreting Humanities Texts: The Case of Oedipus the King and The Book of Job

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Ronald Glasberg
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Levels Of Reality ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Locality

The essay seeks to develop the foundations of a general hermeneutics, by which I mean a strategy of interpretation that not only encompasses the sciences and the humanities, but also seeks to integrate them.  More specifically, certain classic texts in the humanities (i.e., those deemed representative of certain cultural traditions) are accordingly interpreted by way of categories derived from physics.  In the present case, categories associated with quantum entanglement are applied to the classic or foundational humanities texts: Sophocles’ Oedipus the King and the Old Testament Book of Job. The main categories brought to bear in this experiment in hermeneutics are the following: (1) entanglement itself, (2) locality-non-locality, (3) realism-non-realism, (4) latent and manifest levels of reality, and (5) internality-externality. After an introductory section defining the foregoing categories, the second section applies them to the texts in question with a view to redefining the relationship between two major components of the ancient world: the Greco-Roman and the Hebraic.  The final section concludes the essay by outlining the framework of a general hermeneutics whereby schemas and objects of interpretation are structured in terms internality and externality.  The former pertains to mind and culture while the latter is associated with a non-conscious materiality.  Thus, four interpretive strategies can be deployed to give a comprehensive understanding of the world: (1) externalist schemas of interpretation applied to internalist objects of interpretation; (2) internalist schemas applied to externalist objects; (3) externalist schemas applied to externalist objects, and (4) internalist schemas applied to internalist objects.   Received: 8 July 2021 / Accepted: 19 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

scholarly journals In the Labyrinths of Russian Education: Methodological aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
L.M. Tiurenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Education System ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Methodological Aspect ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Russian Education

The study explored one of the most exciting topics for society in recent decades — education, which is viewed through the prism of historical, cultural, philosophical manifestation. The study of the “phenomenon” of the current state of Russian education as a special topic in philosophy is poorly studied and problematic in the analytical sense. The article examines the processes of commercialization of Russian education, a departure from the humanitarian orientation. The significance of the processes of commodification and consumerization for the education system in Russia is shown. Attention is drawn to the understanding of the term “human capital” introduced by the American economist T. Schultz. In the conclusion, it is said about the need to reproduce the traditional education system in Russia, aimed at educating the individual and preserving cultural traditions.

Roman Politics and the Fictional Narrator in Philostratus' Apollonius

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-101
Author(s):  
Adam Kemezis
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Narrative Self ◽  
Authoritative Knowledge ◽  
Frame Narrative ◽  
Critical Argument ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severan Dynasty

Philostratus' eight-book work on Apollonius of Tyana begins with an elaborate frame narrative in which the narrator describes how the empress Julia Domna commissioned him to edit a recently discovered authoritative account of that sage's career, written by one his disciples. This narrative has clear marks of conscious fictionality, and identifies the Apollonius with such pseudepigraphic works as Dictys Cretensis and The Wonders beyond Thule. This article will explore how this claim functions within Philostratus' larger narrative self-presentation. Philostratus in effect presents the reader with two models of how one obtains authoritative knowledge about cultural phenomena. The first is seen in the frame narrative, and involves single key texts authorized by politically powerful figures. The second is seen in the rest of the narrative, and involves wide-ranging research and critical argument by cultural professionals such as the narrator himself. Philostratus, although he would appear more to endorse the second model, ironically undercuts them both. The tension thus created is crucial to Philostratus' portrait of his protagonist's ambiguously human or divine status. It also has a key political component, however, inasmuch as various members of the Severan dynasty, like Philostratus' Julia, were claiming for themselves the power both to re-write political history and to redefine their status within Greco-Roman cultural discourse. The frame narrative and narratorial persona of the Apollonius are a uniquely sophistic reflection on the relationship of political power to Hellenic paideia.

scholarly journals MATERUNA NYOMAN INFORMAL EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING TERUNA CHARACTER IN TENGANAN PEGRINGSINGAN, KARANGASEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Nengah Juliawan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Village

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Education is an effort to produce quality of human resources. Formal and informal education are away of cultural inheritance to the younger generations therefore their cultural traditions can survive and develop in the midst of Indonesian society. One of the traditions that live in Bali with traditional education system is the <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> tradition. The <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> tradition is a series of ceremonies that has the aim of changing the status of teenage stage to adults stage according to custom. During the procession of a series of ceremonies is rich of meaningful education that form the character of adolescents into personal and responsible characters. <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> tradition needs to be educated to young leaners in Tenganan Pegringsingan to determine changes in the character of adolescents in <em>Materuna Nyoman</em>'s education. This study was a qualitative research with an ethnographic research approach. Data was collected using the observation method, interview method, literature method. Collected data was analyzed using the interpretive descriptive analysis method. The analysis was carried out during and after data collection. With the activity steps to reduce data, present data, and carry out verification to make conclusions. The results showed that: (1) the process of the <em>Nyoman Materuna</em> series, namely <em>Maajak-ajakan, Melali, Basen Pamit, Padewaraan</em> or <em>kagedong, Matamiang, Malegar, Ngintarang Katekung, Namiu Katamiu, Ngejot Gede, Ngetog, Katinggah</em>. The characters formed in the participants of <em>Materuna Nyoman</em> are responsible for themselves and the village environment.</p><p><strong>Keywords: <em>Materuna Nyoman Tradition, Education, Character.</em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Exemplarity and Its Discontents: Hellenistic Jewish Wisdom Texts and Greco-Roman Didactic Poetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 460-496
Author(s):  
Hindy Najman ◽  
Tobias Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Didactic Poetry ◽  
Interpretive Communities ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThis article sets up a dialogue between two bodies of ancient texts, i.e. Jewish wisdom literature and Greco-Roman didactic of the Hellenistic period, with an awareness of the scholarly and interpretive communities that have studied, taught and transformed these bodies of texts from antiquity until the present. The article does not claim direct influence or cross-pollination across intellectual, religious or social communities in the Hellenistic period. Instead, the article suggests four discrete frameworks for thinking about comparative antiquity: creation, the law, the sage and literary form. The comparative model proposed here intends to create the conditions for noticing parallels and kindred concepts. However, the article resists the temptation to repeat earlier scholarly arguments for dependency or priority of influence. Instead, the essay demonstrates remarkable alignments, suggestively similar developments, and synergies. Perhaps, the ideal first reader for this article is none other than Philo of Alexandria.

Epicurus - An Introduction to his Practical Ethics and Politics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Erler
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Practical Ethics ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Ethics And Politics

<P>This new introduction into Epicurus’ practical ethics and politics provides an overview of Epicurus’ attitudes towards political, religious and cultural traditions. Emphasising his claim that philosophy is an art of living that helps people to achieve individual happiness, the book pays special attention to Epicurus’ understanding of philosophy as caring for the soul of one’s own. It explains how this Epicurean self-care is connected with caring for others since a happy life requires security that can almost only be found in a community. Epicurus’ practical ethics includes a special appreciation of friendship and a conception of ‘politics’ which indeed focuses on caring for the souls of others. It thus stands firmly in the Socratic tradition. This understanding of practical ethics contributed significantly to the fact that, despite many hostilities, at least practical ethical aspects of Epicurus’ teachings were still discussed in the Greco-Roman Empire and sometimes even appreciated by early Christian philosophers.</P>

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