Rational Analysis of Grand Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Charles L. Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sound Policy

This chapter describes the basic structure of a rational analysis of grand strategy. Rational analysis is an approach, not a school or a theory. It is the approach that is required by and supports sound policy analysis; it is not controversial. Nevertheless, appreciating the structure and requirements of a rational analysis can provide guidance for performing high-quality analysis and for critiquing ongoing debates over grand strategy. All of the major schools of grand strategy in the US debate are built on a rational analysis. The chapter first addresses the terms “grand strategy” and “rational.” It then describes the basic components of a rational grand-strategic analysis: state’s interests (including the distinction between fundamental interests and “derivative interests”), the international environment, theories of state interaction, the options available to a state, the comparison of these options, and a conclusion about which grand strategy will best serve a state’s interests. The final section brief highlights the analytic value of understanding the structure and requirements of rational analyses of grand strategy.

Image Quality Analysis of X-ray Grating Interferometer Using Integrating-bucket Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 20503-1-20503-5
Author(s):  
Faiz Wali ◽  
Shenghao Wang ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Jianheng Huang ◽  
Yaohu Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Phase Image ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Image Quality Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grating Interferometer

Abstract Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging has the potential to enhance image quality and provide inner structure details non-destructively. In this work, using grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging system and employing integrating-bucket method, the quantitative expressions of signal-to-noise ratios due to photon statistics and mechanical error are analyzed in detail. Photon statistical noise and mechanical error are the main sources affecting the image noise in x-ray grating interferometry. Integrating-bucket method is a new phase extraction method translated to x-ray grating interferometry; hence, its image quality analysis would be of great importance to get high-quality phase image. The authors’ conclusions provide an alternate method to get high-quality refraction signal using grating interferometer, and hence increases applicability of grating interferometry in preclinical and clinical usage.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Lophomonas sp. in Scopus (1933-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Keighobadi ◽  
Maryam Nakhaei ◽  
Ali Sharifpour ◽  
Ali Akbar Khasseh ◽  
Sepideh Safanavaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Global Research

Background: This study was designed to analyze the global research on Lophomonas spp. using bibliometric techniques. Methods: A bibliometric research was carried out using the Scopus database. The analysis unit was the research articles conducted on Lophomonas spp. Results: Totally, 56 articles about Lophomonas spp. were indexed in the Scopus throughout 1933-2019 ( 87 years ) with the following information: (A) The first article was published in 1933; (B) 21 different countries contributed in studies related to Lophomonas spp.; (C) China ranked first with 16 publications about Lophomonas spp.; and (D) “Brugerolle, G” and “Beams, H.W.” from France and the US participated in 4 articles respectively, as the highest number of publications in the Lophomonas spp. network. Discussion: After 87 years, Lophomonas still remains unknown for many researchers and physicians around the world. Further studies with high quality and international collaboration are urgently needed to determine different epidemiological aspects and the real burden of the mysterious parasite worldwide.

The effects of US–China competing strategies in Asia-Pacific on India and Pakistan rivalry in the South Asian region

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110211
Author(s):  
Zafar Khan
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
The Us ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
The One

This article primarily focuses on how the increasing US–China competing strategies in Asia-Pacific affect the policies of South Asian rivals India and Pakistan when, on the one hand, the US as part of its offshore balancing grand strategy has been increasing its strategic partnership with India through the transfer of emerging technologies in terms of military modernization process, and on the other hand, China and Pakistan have improved their geo-economic and geostrategic partnership as part of the Chinese grand strategy via the Belt and Road Initiative while enabling Pakistan to produce effective countermeasures against its potential adversary. The article presumes that, in doing so, such competing strategies frame a quadrangle setting comprising of US and India to deter and contain China on the one hand and China and Pakistan to produce countermeasures and try to create a balance to potentially prevent the risk of conflict in South Asia out of such competing strategies at the quadrangle order conceived here. However, in fact, neither the US nor rising China would desire such a possibility of conflict otherwise unintendedly occurring from the intense US–China competing strategies while affecting the policies of the South Asian rivals. The article concludes that the shaping of this quadrangle framework may bring both opportunities and challenges for the South Asian rivals. It also concludes that the more intense the competition between the US and China becomes, the more intense its implications could be on the South Asian rivals, while the reduced tension between China and the US, although unlikely, would have reduced pressure on India and Pakistan relations as well.

scholarly journals ‘A Stammering Bundle of Welsh Idealism’: Arthur Trystan Edwards and Principles of Civic Design in Interwar Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 175-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Shasore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
High Density ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Theory And Criticism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Interwar Britain

AbstractThis article provides the first account of key texts and concepts in the theory and criticism of Arthur Trystan Edwards. Edwards's notion of ‘civic design’, which emanated from the Liverpool School of Architecture in the second decade of the twentieth century, was part of a broader international trend (particularly in the US and Europe) towards formal, axial and monumental planning. Edwards imbued civic design with a philosophical and political sophistication that set him apart from many of his non-Modernist contemporaries. The article discusses the underlying precepts — such as ‘subject’, ‘form’, ‘urbanity’ and ‘manners’ — in some of Edwards's critical texts, including Good and Bad Manners in Architecture (1924). The final section traces his pioneering interest in high-density, low-rise housing, which culminated with the establishment of the Hundred New Towns Association in 1933–34.

Accounting Standards and Earnings Quality — Evidence from Registered ADRs

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850022
Author(s):  
Yaseen S. Alhaj-Yaseen ◽  
Kean Wu ◽  
Leslie B. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Gaap

This paper examines the changes in earnings quality of registered American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) as a result of switching accounting standards. We aim to shed light on the potential impact of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) adoption on US firms. A suboptimal approach to achieve this goal is through examination of US firms’ surrogates such as ADRs. Unlike previous studies, we made a distinction between registered and unregistered ADRs and affirmed that registered ADRs are the closest surrogates with which to conduct our analysis because they are exclusively required to adhere to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)’s stringent disclosure requirements. When cross-listing their equity on the US exchanges, foreign issuers can file their financial reports with the SEC using IFRS, US GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles), or their domestic GAAP with reconciliation to US GAAP. An improvement in earnings quality is documented when ADRs adopt US GAAP or IFRS versus domestic GAAP. However, when the comparison is made between US GAAP and IFRS, no difference in earnings quality is documented. These results indicate that switching to high-quality accounting standards is likely to improve earnings quality. This improvement is maximized when the difference between reporting standards is high and minimized if otherwise. Our conclusion is that the adoption of IFRS in the US is unlikely to change earnings quality of local issuers. Moreover, we drew a distinction between reconciliation with and adoption of high-quality accountings standards and find that while the former can enhance earnings quality, the latter can further improve it.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-212
Author(s):  
Man Cho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Mortgage Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
Conceptual Underpinning

This study is structured around two objectives: surveying the 180 years’ evolution of the US mortgage intermediation system (MIS); and, extracting the lessons to be learned by emerging mortgage markets. To that end, I first discuss three pillars of a well-functioning MIS as a conceptual underpinning - intermediation efficiency, affordability enhancement, and risk management. The historical survey proceeds based on four reasonably distinct time periods – (1) the era of exploration (pre-1930s or pre-Great Depression era), (2) the era of institutionalization (1930s to 1960s), (3) the era of market-making (1970s and 1980s), and (4) the era of expansion and efficiency gain (1990s to Present). Based on the survey done, the lessons for other countries are organized under five topics: developing conforming mortgage product and market; extending the service to nonconforming segments; managing default and prepayment risks; managing systemic risk; and, developing an efficient intermediation process. The concluding remarks in the final section comprise the issue of right sequencing: that is, through what steps an MIS in a given country can be evolved toward a more market-based one that can deliver a higher degree of consumer welfare.

US grand strategy after the Cold War: Can realism explain it? Should realism guide it?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Walt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Policy Elites

This article uses realism to explain past US grand strategy and prescribe what it should be today. Throughout its history, the United States has generally acted as realism depicts. The end of the Cold War reduced the structural constraints that states normally face in anarchy, and a bipartisan coalition of foreign policy elites attempted to use this favorable position to expand the US-led ‘liberal world order’. Their efforts mostly failed, however, and the United States should now return to a more realistic strategy – offshore balancing – that served it well in the past. Washington should rely on local allies to uphold the balance of power in Europe and the Middle East and focus on leading a balancing coalition in Asia. Unfortunately, President Donald Trump lacks the knowledge, competence, and character to pursue this sensible course, and his cavalier approach to foreign policy is likely to damage America’s international position significantly.

Education for Citizenship in a Changing Country

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Alexa Zellentin
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Value Pluralism ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
Role Of The State

This chapter discusses some questions regarding the political theory of education in Ireland: 1. Which value commitments and attitudes should be encouraged to prepare children for their roles in society? 2. Who should decide what children learn? How is the role of the state to be balanced against that of parents and educational institutions? 3. How should education respond to increasing diversity and value pluralism? 4. To what extent should public education promote equality of opportunities? It identifies the concerns relevant to policy choices on these issues. The first section presents the basic structure of the Irish educational system. The second discusses its implications for debates on the authority and responsibility to educate, the third debates dealing with diversity, the fourth value education. The final section considers the idea of equality of opportunity in view of the different resources available to different schools.

Haiti’s National Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-254
Author(s):  
Chelsea Stieber
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Literary Magazine ◽  
Intellectual Heritage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intellectual Production

This chapter considers the National Revolution in 1920s and ‘30s Haiti under the US occupation. The first two sections excavate the heritage of Haiti’s occupation-era far-right nationalism by analyzing the little-studied literary magazine Stella (Cap-Haïtien, 1926–1930). It highlights the poetry and prose works published in the magazine, which the writers situated within the longer Haitian tradition of nationalist, Dessalinean intellectual production: that in order for the nation to heal and achieve unity, it was necessary to plumb the depths of Haiti’s original fractures, its deepest wounds. Yet if the Stella writers placed themselves within an intellectual heritage, they also saw themselves forging a new, radical path for the post-occupation future. A final section argues that Stella’s nationalist writers once again evoked the fracture of 1804/1806—not to mend Haiti’s foundational fractures, but to definitively reject the liberalism of 1806.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document