Contemporary Chinese Buddhist Traditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Poceski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Buddhism ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Governmental Control ◽  
Mao Era

The chapter presents an overview of contemporary Chinese Buddhism, broadly conceived, along with a survey of the major historical developments and defining responses to modernity articulated in the course of the turbulent twentieth century. After situating the growth and adaptation of Buddhism within the broad sweep of Chinese history, it highlights the ways in which the Buddhist community tried to revive and to reform its tradition during the Republican era. The central part of the chapter describes the institutional revival and renewed interest in Buddhism during the post-Mao era, along with a discussion of the mechanisms of governmental control over Buddhism. Also covered are the remarkable Buddhist resurgence that over the last several decades has been taking place in Taiwan, the scope of female participation in the development of contemporary Buddhism, and the ongoing globalization of Buddhist organizations and practices.

The Christian Imprint: The Shaping of Republican-Era Theology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloë Starr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Christian Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Chinese Christianity ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
Revival Movements ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
Prime Source

The 1920s and 1930s produced some of the most exciting and voluminous theology in Chinese history as Chinese leaders gained more prominence in churches, revival movements drew converts in, mission education began to provide a stream of theology graduates, and the Chinese Christian press expanded. The nature of “Chinese Christianity” was a prime source of reflection, but so too was the Chinese state itself and the nature of Christian duty to the nation. Chapter Two surveys the state of Chinese Christianity at the beginning of the twentieth century (considering the effects of internal church developments, anti-imperialism, Christian education, elite social responsibility, and the Anti-Christian movements), then explores the notion of theology as a collective publishing exercise, via a reading of Republican Christian journals.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Xiaoqun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
State Law ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Mao Era

The introduction posits the thesis of the book, that the notion of “Heaven has eyes” meaning “justice should and will be done” is part of an enduring Chinese belief that manifests in how law and justice have functioned in Chinese history. It explains that in the Chinese mind justice (meaning what is just and the judicial system and practices) is conceived to be an alignment of Heavenly reason (ultimate morality), state law, and human relations and feelings; “Heavenly reason” or ultimate morality was redefined in different time periods. The introduction outlines four broad time periods of Chinese legal history: the imperial era, the Republican era, the Mao era, and the post-Mao era.

What is Behind Yinshun’s Re-statement of the Nature of the M?lamadhyamakak?rik?? Debates on the Creation of a New Mah?y?na in Twentieth-century China

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Travagnin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Buddhism ◽  
Textual Scholarship ◽  
Textual Study ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Yinshun (1906–2005) is regarded as one of the most eminent monks in twentieth-century Chinese Buddhism. Previous research has argued that Yinshun especially undertook the mission of writing new commentaries on Madhyamaka texts. His efforts provoked a revival of interest towards the Madhyamaka school among contemporary Chinese Buddhists, and a re-assessment of the position of the writings of N?g?rjuna within the history of Chinese Buddhism. This article focuses on Yinshun’s restatement of the nature of the M?lamadhyamakak?rik?, a text that has always been regarded as fundamental in the Madhyamaka/San-lun tradition in China. The first part analyzes Yinshun’s textual study of the M?lamadhyamakak?rik?, examining his approach to the text, and how he came to terms with previous Chinese traditional textual scholarship and canonical scriptures. The second part discusses Yinshun’s interpretation of the text by moving away from the micro-context of Chinese San-lun scholarship, and addressing the macro-context of the modern Chinese understanding of the Mah?y?na.

A documentary Study of Chinese landlordism in late Ch'ing and early Republican Kiangnan

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Mueamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

In current studies of the problem of landlorḍism in twentieth-century China there is a fundamental conflict and contradiction between the interpretations of the socio-economic historians, whose major thesis is often the inevitable process of progressive weakening and eventual decline of the control of ‘feudal’ landlords over land and peasants, and the actual conditions and facts of contemporary Chinese history, in which the decay of landlord power seems to have been far from inevitable, and where such persons as P'eng Pai and Mao Tse-tung have had to exert great revolutionary efforts to forcibly destroy the landlords' dominance.

Recent Studies of Modern Chinese History

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans van de Ven
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
Western Scholarship

Some time ago the Commonwealth and Overseas History Society of Cambridge University asked me to provide an overview of recent scholarship on modern Chinese history. What follows is a written version of this ‘public service’ lecture aimed at non-specialist historians. It discusses Western scholarship on China from the eighteenth until the twentieth century.

China’s Wall: Space, Power, and Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Song Mei Lee-Wong
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Spatial Metaphor ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
China Today ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Mao Era

China’s wall is part of Chinese history—both as habitation (walled settlements) and as an icon of Chinese civilization. More significantly, China’s wall, as a configured part of social space is a spatial metaphor of division and differentiation. According to Bourdieu, space is about social organization and power. This article is a sociohistorical discourse on China’s wall, specifically on social space as conceptualized and perceived in imperial China, during the Mao era and in China today. Bourdieu’s concept of space as social and relational lends itself to the deconstruction of the metaphorical wall. It is contended that the age-old hukou/household registration, reestablished by Mao in conjunction with the danwei/work/administrative system, constitutes a part of this wall. The intent behind this discourse is to gain insight into Chinese conceptualization and perceptions of space within a sociohistorical framework.

The Qing Empire's Last Flowering: The expansion of China's Post Office at the turn of the twentieth century

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-930
Author(s):  
WEIPIN TSAI
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Public ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Opium War ◽  
Great Rivers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe Great Qing Imperial Post Office was set up in 1896, soon after the First Sino-Japanese War. It provided the first national postal service for the general public in the whole of Chinese history, and was a symbol of China's increasing engagement with the rest of the globe. Much of the preparation for the launch was carried out by the high-ranking foreign staff of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, an influential institution established after the first Opium War.With a mission to promote modernization and project Qing power, the Imperial Post Office was established with a centrally controlled set of unified methods and procedures, and its success was rooted in integration with the new railway network, a strategy at the heart of its ambitious plans for expansion. This article explores the history of this postal expansion through railways, the use of which allowed its creators to plan networks in an integrated way—from urban centres on the coasts and great rivers through to China's interior.

Mao, Lin Biao and the Fifth Encirclement Campaign

1980 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 250-280
Author(s):  
Chi-hsi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

In more respects than one, the Fifth Encirclement Campaign launched by Chiang Kai-shek in 1933–34 against the Jiangxi Soviet may be considered as an important landmark in contemporary Chinese history. From a purely military standpoint, in view of its scope and the particular means used, it is undoubtedly the first modern Chinese campaign. General Jacques Guillermaz points out, quite rightly, that “the methodical nature of the operations, the importance given to fire power and logistical resources, and the tactical use of large and small units all bring the Fifth Campaign closer to certain phases of the 1914–18 war than to traditional Chinese civil wars.” Precisely because of its scope and its methodical nature, the Fifth Campaign, rather than the first four, led Mao, after the Long March, to evolve a theory of guerrilla warfare which “has broken out of the bounds of tactics to knock at the gates of strategy.” This theory, applied first of all to the war against Japan and later to the Third Revolutionary Civil War, was to change the face of China.

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