Introduction and Overview

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Sher ◽  
Alvaro Vergés
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

Substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) have been documented in a number of cultures since the beginnings of recorded time and represent major societal concerns in the present day. The chapters in this Handbook review a number of different areas of inquiry into the fundamental nature of substance use and SUDs, their features, their causes, their consequences, their course, their treatment, and their prevention. It is clear that understanding these various aspects of substance use and SUDs requires a multidisciplinary perspective that considers the pharmacology of drugs of abuse, genetic variation in these acute and chronic effects, and psychological processes in the context of the interpersonal and cultural contexts. This chapter provides a general overview of most (but not all) of the topics covered in the Handbook, guiding the reader to the relevant chapters that address each topic in more detail.

Introduction and Overview

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Sher ◽  
Alvaro Vergés
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

Substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) have been documented in a number of cultures since the beginnings of recorded time and represent major societal concerns in the present day. The chapters in thisHandbookreview a number of different areas of inquiry into the fundamental nature of substance use and SUDs, their features, their causes, their consequences, their course, their treatment, and their prevention. It is clear that understanding these various aspects of substance use and SUDs requires a multidisciplinary perspective that considers the pharmacology of drugs of abuse, genetic variation in these acute and chronic effects, and psychological processes in the context of the interpersonal and cultural contexts. This chapter provides a general overview of most (but not all) of the topics covered in theHandbook, guiding the reader to the relevant chapters that address each topic in more detail.

scholarly journals Interactions of neuroimmune signaling and glutamate plasticity in addiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Gipson ◽  
Scott Rawls ◽  
Michael D. Scofield ◽  
Benjamin M. Siemsen ◽  
Emma O. Bondy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Glutamate Signaling ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Glutamate System ◽  
Chronic Use

AbstractChronic use of drugs of abuse affects neuroimmune signaling; however, there are still many open questions regarding the interactions between neuroimmune mechanisms and substance use disorders (SUDs). Further, chronic use of drugs of abuse can induce glutamatergic changes in the brain, but the relationship between the glutamate system and neuroimmune signaling in addiction is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to bring into focus the role of neuroimmune signaling and its interactions with the glutamate system following chronic drug use, and how this may guide pharmacotherapeutic treatment strategies for SUDs. In this review, we first describe neuroimmune mechanisms that may be linked to aberrant glutamate signaling in addiction. We focus specifically on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, a potentially important neuroimmune mechanism that may be a key player in driving drug-seeking behavior. We highlight the importance of astroglial-microglial crosstalk, and how this interacts with known glutamatergic dysregulations in addiction. Then, we describe the importance of studying non-neuronal cells with unprecedented precision because understanding structure-function relationships in these cells is critical in understanding their role in addiction neurobiology. Here we propose a working model of neuroimmune-glutamate interactions that underlie drug use motivation, which we argue may aid strategies for small molecule drug development to treat substance use disorders. Together, the synthesis of this review shows that interactions between glutamate and neuroimmune signaling may play an important and understudied role in addiction processes and may be critical in developing more efficacious pharmacotherapies to treat SUDs.

Substance Use Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-386
Author(s):  
Shirshendu Sinha ◽  
Bhanu Prakash Kolla ◽  
Meghna P. Mansukhani
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Individual Substance

Sleep disturbances although highly prevalent conditions in patients with substance use disorders, they are underreported, underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and often untreated. Alcohol and various drugs of abuse interfere with the initiation and maintenance of sleep. The sleep disturbances can be experienced during active substance use including intoxication as well as during early recovery. Literature also indicates insomnia is a risk factor for substance abuse. Thus sleep disturbances can play a major role in initiating and maintaining substance use and increase the risk of relapse. This review describes the existing literature on the bidirectional relationships between sleep disturbances and substance use disorders in the context of alcohol, cannabis, opioid, and cocaine use disorders. Evidence with regards the type and severity of the sleep disruption, its time course, relationship to relapse, and treatment options when available are discussed. Specific treatment strategies focused on individual substance-related sleep disturbances will improve global outcome in substance use disorders and sleep and enhance the quality of life of the patients.

The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders Volume 1

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Evidenced Based

Volume 1 of this Handbook provides comprehensive reviews of a number of key research areas in the study of substance use and substance use disorders. Chapters in this volume cover the historical and cultural contexts of substance use and its consequences, its epidemiology and course, etiological processes from the perspective of neuropharmacology, genetics, personality, development, motivation, and the interpersonal and larger social environment. Each chapter highlights key issues in the respective topic area and also highlights key unanswered questions for future research and all of the chapters are authored by leading scholars in each topic. The level of coverage is sufficiently deep to be of value to both trainees and established scientists and clinicians interested in an evidenced-based approach.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in personality traits explains genetic overlap between borderline personality features and substance use disorders

Addiction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2118-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Few ◽  
Julia D. Grant ◽  
Timothy J. Trull ◽  
Dixie J. Statham ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Borderline Personality Features

scholarly journals What Have We Learned (or Expect to) From Analysis of Murine Genetic Models Related to Substance Use Disorders?

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Peltz ◽  
Yalun Tan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mouse Genetics ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Insight Into

The tremendous public health problem created by substance use disorders (SUDs) presents a major opportunity for mouse genetics. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in their responses to drugs of abuse (DOA) and in many of the behaviors associated with susceptibility to SUD. Therefore, genetic discoveries emerging from analysis of murine genetic models can provide critically needed insight into the neurobiological effects of DOA, and they can reveal how genetic factors affect susceptibility drug addiction. There are already indications, emerging from our prior analyses of murine genetic models of responses related to SUDs that mouse genetic models of SUD can provide actionable information, which can lead to new approaches for alleviating SUDs. Lastly, we consider the features of murine genetic models that enable causative genetic factors to be successfully identified; and the methodologies that facilitate genetic discovery.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging reward, craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders: review and implications for treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1101) ◽  
pp. 20180942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Tanabe ◽  
Michael Regner ◽  
Joseph Sakai ◽  
Diana Martinez ◽  
Joshua Gowin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
And Function

Substance use disorder is a leading causes of preventable disease and mortality. Drugs of abuse cause molecular and cellular changes in specific brain regions and these neuroplastic changes are thought to play a role in the transition to uncontrolled drug use. Neuroimaging has identified neural substrates associated with problematic substance use and may offer clues to reduce its burden on the patient and society. Here, we provide a narrative review of neuroimaging studies that have examined the structures and circuits associated with reward, cues and craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders. Most studies use advanced MRI or positron emission tomography (PET). Many studies have focused on the dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area, and the regions where these neurons terminate, such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Decreases in dopamine receptors and transmission have been found in chronic users of drugs, alcohol, and nicotine. Recent studies also show evidence of differences in structure and function in substance users relative to controls in brain regions involved in salience evaluation, such as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Balancing between reward-related bottom-up and cognitive-control-related top-down processes is discussed in the context of neuromodulation as a potential treatment. Finally, some of the challenges for understanding substance use disorder using neuroimaging methods are discussed.

A naturalistic study of the effects of pharmacotherapy on substance use disorders among ADHD adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN V. FARAONE ◽  
JOSEPH BIEDERMAN ◽  
TIMOTHY E. WILENS ◽  
JOEL ADAMSON
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show an elevated prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) and the substance abuse literature shows that ADHD is elevated in substance users. Some researchers postulate that stimulant treatment of ADHD increases the risk for SUD in ADHD patients but follow-up studies suggest treatment protects patients from subsequent SUDs. This report uses retrospective data to assess the impact of prior ADHD pharmacotherapy on SUDs in 206 ADHD adults (n=79 late-onset ADHD, n=127 full ADHD) grouped by lifetime history of ADHD treatment (no treatment, past treatment, current and past treatment).MethodStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) data were used to establish abuse and dependence, and Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) responses were used to establish prevalence of use, preference for cigarettes, alcohol and drugs of abuse, complications from use, and motivation for use (get high, change mood, sleep better).ResultsNo differences were found in the prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol or drug abuse or dependence, as well as no significant differences in 1-month prevalence of any use or use more than 20 times. No differences were found in complications of drug or alcohol use across groups. Subjects with current treatment rated getting high as a motivating factor significantly more frequently than subjects in the past treatment group; this result lost significance when we included ADHD diagnostic category.ConclusionsOur results are consistent across substances and ADHD diagnoses, and support the hypothesis that pharmacotherapy does not cause subsequent SUDs.

scholarly journals Role of Cannabidiol in the Therapeutic Intervention for Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Navarrete ◽  
María Salud García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Ani Gasparyan ◽  
Amaya Austrich-Olivares ◽  
Jorge Manzanares
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Drug treatments available for the management of substance use disorders (SUD) present multiple limitations in efficacy, lack of approved treatments or alarming relapse rates. These facts hamper the clinical outcome and the quality of life of the patients supporting the importance to develop new pharmacological agents. Lately, several reports suggest that cannabidiol (CBD) presents beneficial effects relevant for the management of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, or Alzheimer’s diseases. Furthermore, there is a large body of evidence pointing out that CBD improves cognition, neurogenesis and presents anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and neuroprotective effects suggesting potential usefulness for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases and SUD. Here we review preclinical and clinical reports regarding the effects of CBD on the regulation of the reinforcing, motivational and withdrawal-related effects of different drugs of abuse such as alcohol, opioids (morphine, heroin), cannabinoids, nicotine, and psychostimulants (cocaine, amphetamine). Furthermore, a special section of the review is focused on the neurobiological mechanisms that might be underlying the ‘anti-addictive’ action of CBD through the regulation of dopaminergic, opioidergic, serotonergic, and endocannabinoid systems as well as hippocampal neurogenesis. The multimodal pharmacological profile described for CBD and the specific regulation of addictive behavior-related targets explains, at least in part, its therapeutic effects on the regulation of the reinforcing and motivational properties of different drugs of abuse. Moreover, the remarkable safety profile of CBD, its lack of reinforcing properties and the existence of approved medications containing this compound (Sativex®, Epidiolex®) increased the number of studies suggesting the potential of CBD as a therapeutic intervention for SUD. The rising number of publications with substantial results on the valuable therapeutic innovation of CBD for treating SUD, the undeniable need of new therapeutic agents to improve the clinical outcome of patients with SUD, and the upcoming clinical trials involving CBD endorse the relevance of this review.

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