The African Diaspora

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Parker
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
African Continent ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The One

In recent decades, research on the African diaspora has increasingly expanded from its established focus on the northern Atlantic to Latin America, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean world, and the African continent itself. This chapter discusses differing definitions of the diaspora, considers the role of pioneering scholars in early twentieth-century Cuba, Brazil, and the United States, and examines the debate between those who have stressed lines of cultural continuity between Africa and African American peoples, on the one hand, and those who have stressed cultural transformation or ‘creolization’ in the Americas, on the other. Recent research on African American religions has moved the field beyond the search for African origins by showing how the practitioners of these belief systems creatively and strategically imagined and reimagined ‘African’ ritual identities and Africa itself. Finally, the process of creolization in the African continent itself and in the Indian Ocean are considered.

Subalternity across the Indian Ocean: the Sidis of Gujarat

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Perez
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The One

Abstract In Gujarat, as in other states of India, the Sidis illustrate the long-term African existence in India, which was dominantly analyzed through Eurocentric categories substantiated either by the semantics of slavery or, more recently, by the paradigm of the African diaspora in the world. Both were mainly produced in and for the North Atlantic realm. This article aims at identifying the intersection between the two margins of the Indian Ocean grounded on an ethnohistory of the Sidis of Gir, in Saurashtra. As an anthropologist, it is at the level of contemporary Indian society within the dialectic and dialogic framework of relationships between the Sidis and the other groups that I observed them, being aware of the discontinuities existing within this category on the one hand and, on the other, of a common idiom through which the Sidis communicate their “Africanness.”

scholarly journals The Dimensions of the US-China Trade War

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zreik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Trade War

AbstractThe Chinese Ministry of Commerce issued a statement Friday morning, July 6, 2018, confirming the outbreak of a trade war between the United States and China. The statement came after the United States imposed tariffs on many Chinese goods, in violation of international and bilateral agreements, and the destruction of the concept of free trade which the United States calls for following it. It is a war of opposite directions, especially the contradiction between the new Trump policy and the Chinese approach. The proof is what US Defense Secretary James Matisse announced in Singapore in early June 2018 of “the full strategy of the new United States, in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific,” where China was the “sole enemy of the United States” in China’s geostrategic region. Intentions have become publicized, and trade war between the two economic giants is turning into a reality. This paper will give an overview of the US-China scenario of trade war, then a focused analysis on the Trump’s administration economic decision regarding China, and the consequences of this decision.

Forty Years On

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-51
Author(s):  
Edward A. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Africa ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean World

Almost forty years ago, the author published an article on Gujarat and East Africa from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Although several other scholars had written serious historical works either about or including Indian traders in eastern Africa in the modern period, at the time it was a pioneering piece for historians of East Africa. While the author has written and continues to write about the African diaspora in the Indian Ocean world and, more recently, the islands of this vast oceanic space now referred to as Indian Ocean Africa, he has not again written anything specifically about Gujarat and the Indian Ocean, nor about Gujarati traders in East Africa. This chapter attempts to review the last forty years of scholarship written in English on Gujarat and the Indian Ocean with a focus on transregional trade and traders. What is hoped from this overview is a sense of how current debates have developed over these decades and where further research is called for.

scholarly journals High occurrence of new particle formation events at the Maïdo high-altitude observatory (2150 m), Réunion (Indian Ocean)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 9243-9261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Foucart ◽  
Karine Sellegri ◽  
Pierre Tulet ◽  
Clémence Rose ◽  
Jean-Marc Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Median Particle ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
The One

Abstract. This study aims to report and characterise the frequent new particle formation (NPF) events observed at the Maïdo observatory, Réunion, a Southern Hemisphere site located at 2150 m (a.s.l.) and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. From May 2014 to December 2015, continuous aerosol measurements were made using both a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and an air ion spectrometer (AIS) to characterise the NPF events down to the lowest particle-size scale. Carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were monitored, as well as meteorological parameters, in order to identify the conditions that were favourable to the occurrence of nucleation in this specific environment. We point out that the annual NPF frequency average (65 %) is one of the highest reported so far. Monthly averages show a bimodal variation in the NPF frequency, with a maximum observed during transition periods (autumn and spring). A high yearly median particle growth rate (GR) of 15.16 nm h−1 is also measured showing a bimodal seasonal variation with maxima observed in July and November. Yearly medians of 2 and 12 nm particle formation rates (J2 and J12) are 0.858 and 0.508 cm−3 s−1, respectively, with a seasonal variation showing a maximum during winter, that correspond to low temperature and RH typical of the dry season, but also to high BC concentrations. We show that the condensation sink exceeds a threshold value (1.04×10−3 s−1) with a similar seasonal variation than the one of the NPF event frequency, suggesting that the occurrence of the NPF process might be determined by the availability of condensable vapours, which are likely to be transported together with pre-existing particles from lower altitudes.

Belts and roads every- and nowhere: Conceptualizing infrastructural corridorization in the Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-819
Author(s):  
Henryk Alff
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
Static State ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Actors

This article scrutinizes the Maritime Silk Road Initiative by framing it not as a static, state-centric device to channel Chinese developmental ambitions, but by emphasizing the flexible character of its production and the provisional configuration of its materialization. It draws on assemblage theory as a conceptual angle to, on the one hand, focus on the agentive character of human and non-human ‘actors’ such as ‘traveling’ discourses of development or infrastructures to explore Maritime Silk Road Initiative’s materialization ‘on the ground’ in its emergent rather than resultant way, on the other.

China's Indian Ocean strategy will be hotly contested

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Subject China's Indian Ocean strategy. Significance The Xi Jinping administration plans to integrate Eurasia and Africa more closely with China through investment and infrastructure, including pipelines, railways, roads and ports under the 'Silk Road Economic Belt' and 'New Maritime Silk Road' initiatives. The former is designed for Eurasia, the latter for the Indian Ocean. This is of growing concern to India, which sees the Indian Ocean as its sphere of influence. Impacts Indian Ocean stakeholders including the United States, India and Australia will cooperate to balance Chinese activities. China's ties with Persian Gulf countries will strengthen as China overtakes the United States as the largest crude oil importer. China's South China Sea and Indian Ocean strategies are interlinked on economic and security goals.

India-Pakistan tensions will hit US military strategy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Support Fund

Subject Strategic entanglement of India, Pakistan and the United States. Significance Washington is slashing Coalition Support Fund (CSF) and Foreign Military Financing (FMF) payments to Islamabad, in the belief that Pakistan harbours the very militants that the United States is fighting in Afghanistan. Washington envisions deeper military cooperation overall with Delhi, which accuses Pakistan of sponsoring militants who act against India. Islamabad is being driven closer to Washington’s rival Beijing. Impacts Pakistan will step up efforts to complete an anti-militant fence on the disputed border with Afghanistan. India is likely to resist any calls from the United States to begin joint patrols in the Indian Ocean. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) will face security risks from Islamist militants and Baloch separatists.

India’s Evolving Maritime Domain Awareness Strategy in the Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshana M. Baruah
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Analyst ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Defence Cooperation ◽  
Tracking Surface ◽  
Strategic Autonomy ◽  
Maritime Domain Awareness ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration

Darshana Baruah, an emerging Indian maritime security analyst, examines India’s heightened focus on improving maritime domain awareness in the coastal domain, EEZ and far seas. This is increasingly being driven by growing naval presence in the Indian Ocean. Of particular concern is India’s ability to monitor the passage of PLA Navy submarine passages to Pakistan and elsewhere in the Indian Ocean. Despite improved maritime situational awareness in coastal waters, India still has difficulty in tracking surface and subsurface vessels transiting its EEZ or neighbouring waters. This will likely require coordination and collaboration with friendly states. Baruah concludes that despite India’s traditional attachment to strategic autonomy, the difficulties in any one country developing maritime domain awareness across the Indian Ocean will be a key driver in greater defence cooperation with the United States and its allies.

Geopolitics will heat up in the Indian Ocean

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Military Exercises ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Subject Geopolitics in the Indian Ocean. Significance Confirmation on December 31 that China was building a second aircraft carrier follows a visit by Indian Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar to the United States, where he discussed US-India cooperation on aircraft carrier technology and fighter jet engines, and Indian participation in US-led military exercises was announced. Also in December, agreements were signed during a visit to India by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on military technology, nuclear energy and transport infrastructure. In October, Japan joined the US-India Malabar naval exercises on a permanent basis. Impacts China's Maritime Silk Road may acquire a military dimension with arms sales and port visits by Chinese naval vessels. Tokyo will pursue cooperation with Delhi as a hedge both against Beijing and, potentially, against over-reliance on Washington. Japan's stake in the region will grow with new investments in transportation infrastructure and civil nuclear energy.

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