African Colonial States

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Postcolonial States ◽  
North And South

This chapter sketches a history of European colonial states in Africa, north and south of the Sahara, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It explains when and why colonial states emerged, what they did, how they worked, and who shaped them. Noting discrepancies between the theory and practice of colonial administration, the chapter shows that colonial administration was far more diffuse and less closely coordinated than official discourses of governance suggested. The performance of colonialism involved a wide range of actors: not only European military and civilian elites and African chiefs, but also African translators and tax collectors, as well as European forestry experts, missionaries, anthropologists, and settlers. The chapter also considers debates over reconciling the violence and exploitation of colonial states with their claims to, and aspirations for, social development in Africa, particularly in light of their relationship to the postcolonial states that succeeded them.

The Oxford Handbook of Quintilian

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Visual And Performing Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

M. Fabius Quintilianus was a prominent orator, declaimer, and teacher of eloquence in the first century ce. After his retirement he wrote the Institutio oratoria, a unique treatise in Antiquity because it is a handbook of rhetoric and an educational treatise in one. Quintilian’s fame and influence are not only based on the Institutio, but also on the two collections of Declamations which were attributed to him in late Antiquity. The Oxford Handbook of Quintilian aims to present Quintilian’s Institutio as a key treatise in the history of Graeco-Roman rhetoric and its influence on the theory and practice of rhetoric and education, from late Antiquity until the present day. It contains chapters on Quintilian’s educational programme, his concepts and classifications of rhetoric, his discussion of the five canons of rhetoric, his style, his views on literary criticism, declamation, and the relationship between rhetoric and law, and the importance of the visual and performing arts in his work. His huge legacy is presented in successive chapters devoted to Quintilian in late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance, Northern Europe during the Renaissance, Europe from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century, and the United States of America. There are also chapters devoted to the biographical tradition, the history of printed editions, and modern assessments of Quintilian. The twenty-one authors of the chapters represent a wide range of expertise and scholarly traditions and thus offer a unique mixture of current approaches to Quintilian from a multidisciplinary perspective.

scholarly journals Transposing Aristophanes: The Theory and Practice of Translating Aristophanic Lyric

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES ROBSON
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Modern Greece ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Insight Into

The reception of Aristophanes has gained extraordinary momentum as a topic of academic interest in the last few years. Contributions range from Gonda Van Steen's ground-breaking Venom in Verse. Aristophanes in Modern Greece to Hall and Wrigley's Aristophanes in Performance 421 BC–AD 2007, which contains contributions from a wide range of scholars and writers, a number of whom have had experience of staging Aristophanes' plays as live theatre. In Found in Translation, J. Michael Walton has also made strides towards marrying the theory of translation to the practice of translating Aristophanes (something I have myself also sought to do in print). And with the history of Aristophanic translation, adaptation, and staging being rapidly pieced together (in the English-speaking world at least, where Hall, Steggle, Halliwell, Sowerby, Walsh, and Walton, for example, have all made their own contributions), much of the groundwork has been laid for a study such as is attempted in this article. Here I aim to take a broad look across a range of translations in order to see how one particular text type within Aristophanic drama has been approached by translators, namely Aristophanes' lyric passages. The aim of this study will be to give both an insight into the numerous considerations that translators take into account when translating Aristophanic lyric and an impression of the range of end products that have emerged over the last two hundred years.

scholarly journals “Rumyantsev Readings — 2020”. Research in the Area of Library Science and Book Studies on the Pages of the Conference Proceedings

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-446
Author(s):  
Elena A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Studies ◽  
Library Collections

International scientific and practical conference “Rumyantsev Readings” in 2020 was held in absentia. The Publishing house of the Russian State Library “Pashkov Dom” prepared the conference proceedings in two parts, which included 176 articles. Among the participants of the conference there are specialists from libraries of all levels and different departmental subordination, museums, archives, Universities, scientific research institutes in Russia, Belarus, Great Britain and Kazakhstan. The articles cover a wide range of issues on the theory and practice of library science, bibliography science, book studies, the history of librarianship and library activities at the present time. Considerable part of the reports was prepared under the theme “Libraries in the context of history: private collections and state book repositories”. In the year of the 75th anniversary of the Victory, many researchers turned to the history of libraries during the Great Patriotic War. The conference proceedings include materials about outstanding representatives of librarianship, researchers and collectors, where the authors analyse and evaluate their activities. Traditionally, “Rumyantsev readings” present a large number of works on the disclosure of the collections of libraries and archives, description of stored materials: manuscripts, rare books and book monuments, art editions, maps and printed music. Within the topics of the section “Library classification systems” there are presented the articles devoted to separate sections of Library Bibliographic Classification and general issues of system modernization and implementing it in practice, publication of LBC schedules and the value of its public e-version for the development of classification search and improving efficient use of library collections. Issues related to the current activities of foreign and, primarily, domestic libraries are presented in extremely wide range: from understanding the place of libraries in the modern space of socio-cultural communication and strategic approaches to innovation management to highlighting specific projects under implementation. The reports raise the topics of training future librarians in higher education institutions and improving their skills in future, developing and implementing standards, digitizing library collections, and bibliometric analysis. The article analyses the state of digitalization of scientific — information activities in libraries, presents characteristics of separate online information resources, raises questions on the development of regulatory framework for labour rationing and the formation of the library’s image in social networks and information publications about it. Publication of the proceedings will serve to achieve the main goal of the conference — to draw attention to the issues of preserving and studying the world cultural heritage, problems of functioning of libraries at the present historical stage, search for ways of innovative development, expand cooperation between cultural, educational, scientific institutions and intercultural interaction.

scholarly journals Archaeological Aerial Thermography in Theory and Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Casana ◽  
Adam Wiewel ◽  
Autumn Cool ◽  
Austin Chad Hill ◽  
Kevin D. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Thermal Imagery ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Approaches

ABSTRACTWhile a long history of experimental data shows that aerial thermal images can reveal a wide range of both surface and subsurface archaeological features, technological hurdles have largely prevented more widespread use of this promising prospecting method. However, recent advances in the sophistication of thermal cameras, the reliability of commercial drones, and the growing power of photogrammetric software packages are revolutionizing archaeologists' ability to collect, process, and analyze aerial thermal imagery. This paper provides an overview of the theory behind aerial thermography in archaeology, as well as a discussion of an emerging set of methods developed by the authors for undertaking successful surveys. Summarizing investigations at archaeological sites in North America, the Mediterranean, and the Near East, our results illustrate some contexts in which aerial thermography is very effective, as well as cases in which ground cover, soil composition, or the depth and character of archaeological features present challenges. In addition, we highlight novel approaches for filtering out noise caused by vegetation, as well as methods for improving feature visibility using radiometric thermal imagery.

scholarly journals History of creating curricula, programs and textbooks on foreign language for universities of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2726-2741
Author(s):  
Nurbayeva Aida ◽  
Ongarbayeva Aliya ◽  
Khavaidarova Mekhirnis ◽  
Smailova Feruza ◽  
Kalambayeva Gulzhan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis

Like any private didactics the methodology of teaching foreign languages, has its own history, knowledge of which is necessary for understanding the main stages of development of the theory and practice of teaching, the variety of approaches and methods of teaching foreign languages in the modern world. This study aims to research the history of creating curricula, programs and textbooks on foreign language for universities of Kazakhstan. The research conducted a  Historical and pedagogical analysis which showed that foreign language teaching has its roots in the deep past, and played a huge role in the development of human society, since it determined the progress of the transferring the methodological experience and contributed to the social development of mankind. Keywords: foreign language;  ideological principles; historical; pedagogical analysis  .    

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF COULSON TERHADAP RUMUSAN DIALEKTIKA HUKUM ISLAM

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Akhwan Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
History Of

<p class="IABSSS">Law will always evolve and dialectic with social dynamics. Coulson see that the dynamics of the Islamic law occurs through the efforts of reinterpretation of Islamic sources when there is a gap between theory and practice. With a historical approach, Coulson mapped the development of Islamic law so that he made six dialectic formulation of Islamic law which is an in-depth reading in seeing the historical development of Islamic law. According to Coulson, Islamic law is idealistic and away from social reality. Islamic law is determined by social facts and reduced as a man-made law. Coulson’s propositions departed from empirical studies of the historical development of Islamic law. Coulson formulas can be used to understand further the reality of the development of Islamic law, so Muslims can understand what really happened in the history of Islamic law and scientific perspective. It can be used to perform introspection for Muslims to develop further the Islamic legal thought and in accordance with the existing social development. This paper intends to review critically the ideas of Coulson.</p><p class="IABSSS">***</p><p class="IABSSS">Hukum akan selalu berkembang dan berdialektika dengan dinamika sosialnya. Coulson melihat bahwa dinamika hukum Islam terjadi melalui upaya penafsiran kembali sumber-sumber Islam ketika ada kesenjangan antara teori dengan praktek. Dengan pendekatan historis Coulson memetakan perkembangan hukum Islam sehingga ia membuat enam rumusan dialektika hukum Islam yang merupakan sebuah pembacaan yang mendalam dalam melihat sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Menurut Coulson hukum Islam bersifat idealistik dan jauh dari realitas sosial dan apa yang ia inginkan adalah hukum Islam ditentukan oleh fakta-fakta sosial dan direduksi sebagai hukum buatan manusia. Proposisi-proposisi Coulson berangkat dari penelitian empiris mengenai sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Rumusan-rumusan Coulson dapat digunakan untuk lebih memahami realitas perkembangan hukum Islam, sehingga umat Islam bisa memahami apa yang sebenarnya terjadi dalam sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam dan perspektif keilmuan. Hal itu bisa dipergunakan untuk melakukan introspeksi bagi umat Islam untuk mengembangkan pemikiran hukum Islam lebih lanjut dan sesuai dengan perkembangan sosial yang ada. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mereview secara kritis pemikiran Coulson tersebut. </p><p class="IABSSS">***</p><div class="WordSection1"><p class="IAKEY" align="left">Keywords: dialektika, Hukum Islam, <em>conflict</em><em> and tension</em>, <em>ijtihād</em></p></div>

scholarly journals The idea of equality as a double-bind of modern civilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
N. S. OBOTUROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Judicial Protection

Analysis of the evolution of the idea of equality from its classical to its modern interpretations shows that in the history of human thought there have been many delusions, erroneous and false representations based on the understanding of equality not as an idea, direction, but as a really operating inevitable law. The absolutized literal understanding of equality, which is spreading today in the postmodern pluralistic worldview, turns it according to the author into a trap, a double-bind of modern civilization and creates disformative risks. Considering equality from the standpoint of the libertarian-legal type of legal thinking as primarily formal legal, the author analyzes the dialectics of equality and inequality, shows the conceptual, programmatic nature of the idea of equality in modern social development. It is equality in rights as a guaranteed by law and guaranteed by judicial protection the ability to realize in various spheres of life that has conceptual significance for the development of modern legal theory and practice and acts as a stabilizing basis for the development of our civilization.

scholarly journals The Goddess Spitting Fire: Myths and Reality of the Kangra Temple

2021 ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Irina P. Chelysheva
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Temple ◽  
North Western

The paper focuses on one of the most popular Hindu pilgrimage centers — Jwalamukhi temple, based in the Kangra district of the North-Western state of India, Himachal Pradesh. The temple is unique due to the absence of the main image. At the same time, people worship the deity as women’s energy Shakti in the form of a fire. The author draws attention to peculiar analogies traced by some research scholars between this temple and the fire temple named Surakhan Ateshgah near Baku in Azerbaijan. Considering this subject, the author analyses different versions of the origin of the fire temple in Azerbaijan, including the so-called “Indian angle”. Basing on the wide range of source material, including the reports of the Archaeological Survey of India established by the British colonial administration in 1861, the author evaluates and critically reviews various versions regarding possible dates of building this temple. Undertaken investigation allows concluding that the temple of Jwalamukhi could be founded in the 6th–7th centuries AD. However, the very cult of worshipping this goddess in Kangra might originate much earlier, in the first centuries BC. The article contains a cryptic narrative of the medieval history of the temple, supplemented by famous chronicles by Ferishta narrating how it was repeatedly subjected to devastating raids of Muslim armies, firstly led by the Delhi sultans and later by Mughal rulers. The description of the temple and religious rituals are based on the personal impressions of the author.

New China’s First Civil Code: Problems of Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Pavel Troshchinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

On January the 1st, 2021, the first Civil Code in the history of the People&apos;s Republic of China took effect. The process of codification of civil legislation began in the PRC back in the 1950s. However, due to various circumstances, the Code wasn&apos;t adopted during the 20th century. Only in virtue of the initiative of Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, the work on the content of a largecodified act of civil law was successfully completed and the Chinese parliament approved the Code in May 2020. A kind of &quot;economic constitution&quot;, which is understood as the Civil Code, is designed to regulate a wide range of civil law relations, comprehensively protect the legal rights and interests of a wide range of participants. The emergence of the Civil Code in the legal system of China was a major event in the history of the country, it was carried out as a part of a large-scale campaign to strengthen the rule of law and rule the state on the basis of the law. The content of the Civil Code of the PRC is of significant theoretical and practical interest both for the Russian legal and sinological sciences, and for all compatriots working with China and in China. The research of the Code requires a deep immersion in the Chinese political and legal reality, an understanding of the foundations of public administration in a new era, and also an awareness of the specifics of legal culture, the legal consciousness of Chinese citizens and law enforcement practice.

Alagir Gorge of North Ossetia-Alania: in the footsteps of archaeologist E.G. Pchelina

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Evelina Y. Shestopalova
Keyword(s):  
The Caucasus ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
North And South

E.G. Pchelina (1895-1972) belongs to the galaxy of outstanding scientists who laid the foundation of Soviet Caucasian studies. She had a multi-faceted talent as a researcher and left a bright mark in archeology, religious studies, ethnography, folklore studies of the Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Central Asia. Most of her works, including those ready for publication, were not published during the scientist’s lifetime. The archive, bequeathed by her to the Academy of Sciences and transferred to LOARAN in 1973 by her daughter-in-law, the highly respected M.L. Pchelina, remained inaccessible until 2019. But the results of her research, reflected in published works and available from Reports of archaeological expeditions and documents in the archives of scientific institutions of North and South Ossetia, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, were known and highly appreciated by archaeologists, ethnographers, historians. References to the materials of her archaeological collections from the Hermitage and museums of North and South Ossetia are often found in the works of modern researchers of the Caucasus. The name of the talented scientist has not been forgotten all these years. However, only now, with the beginning of work on the study of its archival heritage, it became clear what a wide scope of scientific problems is reflected in the unpublished works of the scientist, what global themes of the history of Ossetia have been studied and reflected in the monographs and articles of Evgenia Georgievna. In 2019-2021, scientific events “Bee Readings” were held in St. Petersburg, dedicated to the problems of studying the archival heritage of E.G. Pchelina and timed to the 125th anniversary of her birth. Thanks to the long-term efforts of the staff of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the staff of the Hermitage, the Museum of Ethnography of St. Petersburg, the staff of SOIGSI, the grandchildren of Evgenia Georgievna, Nikolai and Mikhail Pchelin, as well as many people who are not indifferent to the fate and discoveries of Evgenia Georgievna, work with the archive is currently being successfully conducted and gradually reveals the great importance of the research conducted by Evgenia Georgievna in the Caucasus, which will now undoubtedly be known to a wide range of researchers.

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