Roman Germania? What Germania?

Author(s):  
Michel Reddé

This chapter presents some general remarks about Roman Germany. The English term ‘Roman Germany’ refers to both the two Roman provinces of Germania (respectively Inferior and Superior) and to the regions of modern Germany that were Romanized, i.e. the two provinces of Roman Germania, Raetia, and a small part of Noricum. When considered from the perspective of the Roman administrative organization, Roman Germany is not confined to the territory of modern Germany: it extends over a significant part of modern France. The discussions include the rhythms of economic development in the provinces of Germania; the great strides made by German archaeology in recent years; and the position of the free Germanic world in its relations with the Empire.

Author(s):  
Michael Meyer

This chapter examines Roman cultural influence in Barbaricum east of the Rhine and north of the Danube, with particular emphasis on whether ‘regular trade’ existed between the Roman provinces and Barbaricum. It also considers the non-material influences and ‘imports’ that were adopted by the people living beyond the border. The chapter begins with an overview of import/export trade between Barbaricum and Roman Germany, along with the role of Roman negotiatores in bringing goods from their places of production to the great cities along the Rhine and Danube. It then looks at the goods that were exchanged between Barbaricumand the Roman provinces, as well as the infrastructure through which these goods were transported. It describes the legal settings of Roman trade in Barbaricum, and concludes by analysing a selection of ‘intangible imports’ and considering whether their main function is representation of status.


Author(s):  
Philip Kiernan

This chapter presents a North American perspective on the state of archaeological research and methodology in Roman Germany. It suggests that despite the huge amount of interest in classical antiquity in the New World, and scholarly research in other Roman provinces, the Roman west has been of so little interest as a result of educational and scholarly traditions. The chapter explains how Roman Germany and other western provinces fit into a North American view of the ancient world. It then turns to the point of how German archaeological scholarship could be made more accessible to a North American audience, and why such accessibility and extending the profile of Germany’s archaeological traditions should be a desirable goal.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-326
Author(s):  
Nand L Dhameja ◽  
Shilpa Arora

Banks, a significant part of financial system of a country, are essential for its economic development. They have developed over the years and are faced with the challenges for the bright future. The article discusses development and future of banking sector in India in the light of the reforms over the years and is divided into four parts. The paper traces evolution and significance of banking, discusses reforms during pre-liberalisation and post-liberalisation as recommended by various Committees, namely, Narasimham Committees (1991 & 1998), Verma Committee (1996) and Khan Committee (1997) along with the structural and operational reforms. The performance challenges in terms of fee-based income, profitability, credit deposit ratio, business and profitability per employee are highlighted, comparing the public sector banks and private banks.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rugolo

The contemporary model of the city is linked to the dynamics of information flows and economic and cultural influences. Consequently, the traditional administrative organization has proved inadequate favoring the definition of a new model of governance of urban areas, able to administer the complexity. This characteristic is typical of the metropolitan city, which requires a new institutional framework is equipped with tools and infrastructure suitable to govern the phenomena of mobility, economic development and transformations in the regime of synergistic and integrated.The metropolitan system the Strait of Messina need for a stable connection that ensures the conurbation of the two sides.


2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Alen Alempijević ◽  
Mirjana Kovačić

Nautical tourism is one of the major tourism sectors and the largest growing maritime industry in Europe, employing almost 3.2 million people. Nautical tourism is of great importance for Croatia and Croatia is increasingly promoted as one of the leading Mediterranean nautical destinations. Croatia’s insular and coastal nautical infrastructure offers its users adequate services, but services need to be continuously upgraded. At the same time, the development of the local community must not be subordinated to the development of a nautical destination. The authors analyze nautical tourism and small shipbuilding, two sectors that constitute the blue economy. The blue economy is analyzed with particular regard as a long-term strategy to support the sustainable growth of the marine and maritime sectors. The authors emphasize that the blue economy aims to stimulate sustainable economic development, create business opportunities and open jobs in the blue economy sectors of the EU countries. The importance of the blue economy for Croatia is analyzed and the results of the analysis presented.


10.23856/2901 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Andrzej Krynski ◽  
Michael Poluzhyn ◽  
Natalia Venzhynovych

Language appears in the role of a precondition and the universal form, the cover of all other forms of social consciousness; religion – as universal contents, historically first source, from which all further contents of social consciousness have developed. A significant part of information is specific for each religion that is seemingly connected with the peculiarities of environment perception by an individual ethnos, which is determined by historical, cultural, demographic, political, economic development of this or that people. It is this part of religious information that is of special value and importance for every religion, reflecting its world outlook and representing a particular model of the universe.


2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Stanislav Stanev

The countries of the Western Balkans have declared their foreign policy priority membership not only in NATO but also in the European Union. Achieving these goals is associated with overcoming many challenges of different nature. Although not directly related to the country's de facto membership of the EU, its infrastructure and the level of its connection with its neighbors raises many of the issues important to society and forms many of its immediate priorities. Difficulties in interconnectedness between countries can have both a political and a geographical basis. In this regard, a serious challenge for the Republic of Northern Macedonia is the level of connection with its eastern and western neighbors. Almost 30 years after the declaration of independence, the infrastructure continues to follow the realities set and realized by Socialist Yugoslavia. This in turn poses many difficulties for the economic development of the whole region. A significant part of the reasons for the lack of progress are also due to purely geographical reasons, but alternative solutions can be sought to overcome the backlog in connectivity.


Author(s):  
Alexander Heising

This chapter considers the reception and history of research in the provinces of Roman Germany. It begins by tracing the roots of the discipline of provincial Roman archaeology to the conceptual framework of ancient history and classical archaeology, and its methods to prehistory and protohistory. It then outlines the eight phases of the history of Roman research in Germany: creation of legends in the Middle Ages; rebirth of the ancient world in the Renaissance; the Roman Germany of the antiquarians and the beginnings of limes research; early science and civic societies; the emergence of modern organised science; the Römlingeat the time of National Socialism; academic recognition; and current research (dissertations and externally funded projects). The chapter concludes by discussing prospects for the discipline of provincial Romanarchaeology.


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