Neo-Gricean Pragmatics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Logical Operators ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Formal Syntax ◽  
Gricean Pragmatics ◽  
Pragmatic Intrusion

The aim of this chapter is to provide a state-of-the-art survey of classical and especially neo-Gricean pragmatics, focusing on the bipartite model put forward by Horn and the trinitarian model advanced by Levinson. It assesses the role neo-Gricean pragmatics plays in effecting a radical simplification of the lexicon, semantics, and formal syntax in linguistic theory respectively, covering lexical narrowing, lexical cloning, lexical blocking, and lexicalization asymmetry in logical operators, and concentrating on pragmatic intrusion into what is said, Grice’s circle, and the pragmatics–semantics interface, and anaphora and binding.

New Technique for Binary Morphological Shape-Based Interpolation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950007
Author(s):  
Walter Alexandre A. de Oliveira ◽  
Denise Guliato ◽  
Douglas Coelho Braga de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Luis de Souza da Silva ◽  
Gilson Antonio Giraldi
Keyword(s):  
Computational Experiment ◽  
Iterative Scheme ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Binary Image ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Interpolation Scheme ◽  
Logical Operators ◽  
Image Set

In this paper we consider shape-based methods to generate additional slices in 3D binary volumes. The focused interpolation approaches, named SIMOL and BORS, are based on morphological and logical operators. Given two adjacent slices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the binary image set, the methods iteratively generate a sequence of new slices showing a gradual transition between the corresponding shapes. First, we analyze the SIMOL and BORS techniques and highlight their problems. Then we present the main contribution of this paper: a new interpolation scheme, called SIMOL-NEW, that combines the iterative scheme of BORS and an interpolation kernel generated through SIMOL framework. Next, we compare SIMOL-NEW and BORS approaches using theoretical elements and computational experiments. The latter are executed using: (a) benchmark shapes; (b) simple volumes defined by sphere and paraboloid; (c) combination of ellipsoids; (d) a fork-like volume; (e) Cylinder Minus Sphere. The conclusion is that SIMOL-NEW performs closer to BORS for the cases (a) and (c) but it is more accurate than BORS in the tests (b) and (d). Besides, we offer comparisons of state-of-the-art approaches in shape-based interpolation and SIMOL-NEW using ground truth volumes (d) and (e). The computational experiment report that SIMOL-NEW gets outstanding results regarding the ability to recover the target volume.

Expletive Negation

2020 ◽  
pp. 254-268
Author(s):  
Denis Delfitto
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Incremental Analysis ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Pragmatic Enrichment ◽  
Temporal Clauses ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides the state-of-the-art around expletive negation (EN), by discussing: (i) the relationship between EN and negative concord; (ii) EN as a real negation; (iii) EN as a special formative linked to an additional evaluative/expressive layer in the semantics of language. Moreover, the chapter offers a potentially unifying analysis of EN in comparative, exclamative, and temporal clauses: EN as an operator of implicature denial. This approach derives the fact that EN is logically and compositionally independent from what is said from the fact that EN shifts the semantics of negation to the layer of implicated meaning. Some of the interpretive effects normally linked to the expressive/evaluative analysis of EN can be arguably derived as side-effects of this semantic analysis. The proposal advanced here has a number of implications regarding the relationship among morpho-syntax, pragmatic enrichment, and the non-incremental analysis of negation in theories of negation processing.

scholarly journals Computational Linguistics in Support of Linguistic Theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. Bender ◽  
D. Terence Langendoen
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Current State

In this paper, we overview the ways in which computational methods can serve the goals of analysis and theory development in linguistics, and encourage the reader to become involved in the emerging cyberinfrastructure for linguistics. We survey examples from diverse subfields of how computational methods are already being used, describe the current state of the art in cyberinfrastructure for linguistics, sketch a pie-in-the-sky view of where the field could go, and outline steps that linguists can take now to bring about better access to and use of linguistic data through cyberinfrastructure.

scholarly journals Leveraging Linguistic Coordination in Reranking N-Best Candidates For End-to-End Response Selection Using BERT

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Yu ◽  
Diane Litman
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Best Response ◽  
End To End ◽  
Selection Tasks

Retrieval-based dialogue systems select the best response from many candidates. Although many state-of-the-art models have shown promising performance in dialogue response selection tasks, there is still quite a gap between R@1 and R@10 performance. To address this, we propose to leverage linguistic coordination (a phenomenon that individuals tend to develop similar linguistic behaviors in conversation) to rerank the N-best candidates produced by BERT, a state-of-the-art pre-trained language model. Our results show an improvement in R@1 compared to BERT baselines, demonstrating the utility of repairing machine-generated outputs by leveraging a linguistic theory.

scholarly journals Pragmatic Intrusion into what is said: In Western linguistics and traditional Arabic linguistics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Ibrahim Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Arabic Linguistics ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
Pragmatic Intrusion ◽  
The Middle Ages

The present study is an attempt to answer the question about whether Arab linguists of the past were acquainted with the problem of pragmatic intrusion into the semantic or truth-conditional content of what is said. Using many quotations from the traditional Arabic books of "usül" (Islamic jurisprudence) and "balagha" (rhetoric), sufficient evidence was found to support the hypothesis that Arab linguists of the Middle Ages were well acquainted with the central ideas of the problem. They engaged in debates and controversies very similar to those we find in modern pragmatic literature.

scholarly journals Joint Universal Syntactic and Semantic Parsing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 756-773
Author(s):  
Elias Stengel-Eskin ◽  
Kenton Murray ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Aaron Steven White ◽  
Benjamin Van Durme
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Semantic Parsing ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Rich

While numerous attempts have been made to jointly parse syntax and semantics, high performance in one domain typically comes at the price of performance in the other. This trade-off contradicts the large body of research focusing on the rich interactions at the syntax–semantics interface. We explore multiple model architectures that allow us to exploit the rich syntactic and semantic annotations contained in the Universal Decompositional Semantics (UDS) dataset, jointly parsing Universal Dependencies and UDS to obtain state-of-the-art results in both formalisms. We analyze the behavior of a joint model of syntax and semantics, finding patterns supported by linguistic theory at the syntax–semantics interface. We then investigate to what degree joint modeling generalizes to a multilingual setting, where we find similar trends across 8 languages.

scholarly journals Interview with Noam Chomsky

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Alessandro Boechat De Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Massachusetts Institute ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
Formal Syntax ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Institute Of Technology

<p>Avram Noam Chomsky is a world-renowned linguist, philosopher and political activist. He is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Linguistics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and recently became a laureate Professor in the Department of Linguistics at University of Arizona. He has been the leader of the generative enterprise in linguistic theory since its beginning, in the late fifties, and is considered by many the father of modern Linguistics. In fact, his views have influenced the whole field and established points of departure for research in formal syntax, phonology and even semantics.</p><hr /><p><strong>ENTREVISTA COM NOAM CHOMSKY</strong></p><p>Avram Noam Chomsky é um renomado linguista, filósofo e ativista político. Ele é professor emérito do Departamento de Linguística do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts e recentemente se tornou professor laureado no Departamento de Linguística da Universidade do Arizona. Ele tem sido o líder do empreendimento gerativo na teoria linguística desde o seu início, no final dos anos 50, e é considerado por muitos o pai da linguística moderna. De fato, suas visões influenciaram todo o campo e estabeleceram pontos de partida para a pesquisa em sintaxe formal, fonologia e até mesmo semântica.</p><hr />

scholarly journals Review article:Morphology in Greek Linguistics: The State of the Art

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ralli
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Significant Interest

AbstractIn recent years, morphology has received increasing attention within linguistic theory. It deals with word structure and attracts significant interest in languages that are morphologically rich, such as Modern Greek (hereafter Greek). In this paper, I present an overview of the main theoretical studies that focus on Greek morphology in the last four decades, with a particular emphasis on those following the framework of generative grammar. Reasons of space prevent me from giving an exhaustive presentation of all the topics that have been examined from a synchronic point of view. Moreover, I do not take into consideration studies on historical and dialectal morphology or lexical borrowing, or works that cover areas where morphological issues interact with research in domains such as computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

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