The temporal relationship between vaginal fluid volumes obtained with the Rovumeter vaginal aspirator and the fertile phase of the cycle

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Flynn ◽  
A.M. McCarthy ◽  
M. Docker ◽  
J.P. Royston
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Fertile Phase

Experimental increase in female mass during the fertile phase leads to enhanced extra-pair paternity in pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Plaza ◽  
Alejandro Cantarero ◽  
Juan Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wing Loading ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Fertile Phase ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

Female mass in most altricial birds reaches its maximum during breeding at egg-laying, which coincides temporally with the fertile phase when extra-pair paternity (EPP) is determined. Higher mass at laying may have two different effects on EPP intensity. On the one hand, it would lead to increased wing loading (body mass/wing area), which may impair flight efficiency and thereby reduce female’s capacity to resist unwanted extra-pair male approaches (sexual conflict hypothesis). On the other hand, it would enhance female condition, favouring her capacity to evade mate-guarding and to search for extra-pair mates (female choice hypothesis). In both cases, higher female mass at laying may lead to enhanced EPP. To test this prediction, we reduced nest building effort by adding a completely constructed nest in an experimental group of female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Our treatment caused an increase in mass and thereby wing loading and this was translated into a significantly higher EPP in the manipulated group compared with the control group as expected. There was also a significant negative relationship between EPP and laying date and the extent of the white wing patch, an index of female dominance. More body reserves at laying mean not only a higher potential fecundity but a higher level of EPP as well. This interaction had not previously received due attention but should be considered in future studies of avian breeding strategies.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment of Anti-HIV Dapivirine Vaginal Microbicide Rings with Multiple Dosing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vaginal Ring ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anti Hiv

Objectives: Self-administered vaginal rings are a promising method for delivery of topical anti-HIV microbicidesand might offer an adherence advantage over daily or coitally-dependent dosage forms such as gels. This trialassessed the safety and pharmacokinetic aspects of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring-004 when worn as multiple rings oversequential periods of ring use by healthy, sexually-active, HIV-negative women.Methods: This double-blind trial was conducted among 48 women (18-40 years). Participants were randomlyassigned to two groups (A or B) and received (3:1) either the dapivirine or a placebo vaginal ring. Group A used tworings over a 56-day period and Group B used three rings over a 57-day period. Safety evaluations were conductedthroughout the trial. Dapivirine concentrations were measured in plasma, vaginal fluid and cervical tissue samplescollected during and after the 56 days (Group A) or 57 days (Group B) of vaginal ring use.Results: Ring-004 was safe and well tolerated in all participants. The pharmacokinetic profile demonstrated arapid increase in plasma and vaginal fluid concentrations and achieved concentrations in vaginal fluids and cervicaltissue well above the in vitro IC99 in cervical tissue (3.3 ng/mL) that were sustained for a 28 to 35-day ring use period(approximately 3000 times higher in vaginal fluids and 14 -1000 times higher in cervical tissue). Drug levels wereassociated with significant inhibitory activity of genital secretions against HIV ex vivo, a biomarker of pharmacodynamics.Individual plasma dapivirine concentrations did not exceed 553 pg/mL and were well below plasma concentrations atthe maximum tolerated dose for oral treatment (mean Cmax 2286 ng/mL).Conclusions: The consecutive use of several rings over a period of up to 57 days was safe and well tolerated, andPK data indicate that a single Ring-004 is likely to be protective for at least 35 days.

Safety_and_Pharmacokinetics_of_Dapivirine_Delivery.7

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vaginal Microbicides ◽  
Intravaginal Rings ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
The Matrix

Vaginal microbicides for the prevention of HIV transmission maybe an important option for protecting women from infection.Incorporation of dapivirine, a lead candidate nonnucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitor, into intravaginal rings (IVRs) for sustainedmucosal delivery may increase microbicide product adherence andefficacy compared with conventional vaginal formulations. Twentyfourhealthy HIV-negative women 18–35 years of age were randomlyassigned (1:1:1) to dapivirine matrix IVR, dapivirine reservoir IVR,or placebo IVR. Dapivirine concentrations were measured in plasmaand vaginal fluid samples collected at sequential time points over the33-day study period (28 days of IVR use, 5 days of follow-up). Safetywas assessed by pelvic/colposcopic examinations, clinical laboratorytests, and adverse events. Both IVR types were safe and well toleratedwith similar adverse events observed in the placebo and dapivirinegroups. Dapivirine from both IVR types was successfully distributedthroughout the lower genital tract at concentrations over 4 logs greaterthan the EC50 against wild-type HIV-1 (LAI) in MT4 cells. Maximumconcentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve(AUC) values were significantly higher with the matrix than reservoirIVR. Mean plasma concentrations of dapivirine were ,2 ng/mL.These findings suggest that IVR delivery of microbicides is a viableoption meriting further study.Key Words: dapivirine, HIV, intravaginal ring, microbicide,pharmacokinetics, prevention

Estimated Mask Use and Temporal Relationship to COVID-19 Epidemiology of Black Lives Matter Protests in 12 Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Lindsay Quigley ◽  
Phi Yen Nguyen ◽  
Haley Stone ◽  
David J. Heslop ◽  
Abrar Ahmad Chughtai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Black Lives Matter

Examining the Temporal Dynamics of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During a Therapist-Supported, Smartphone-Based Intervention for Major Depression (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Allende ◽  
Valerie Forman-Hoffman ◽  
Philippe Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Highly Correlated

UNSTRUCTURED Background: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly correlated in adults with depression; however, little is known about their interaction and temporal dynamics of change during treatment. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to examine the temporal dynamics of anxiety and depressive symptoms during a 12-week therapist-supported, smartphone-delivered digital health intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety, the Meru Health Program (MHP). Method: A total of 290 participants from the MHP were included in the present analyses (age Mean = 39.64, SD = 10.25 years; 79% female; 54% self-reported psychotropic medication use). A variance components model was used to examine whether (1) reporting greater anxiety during the current week relative to anxiety reported in other weeks would be associated with greater reporting of depressive symptoms during the current week, while a time-varying effect model was used to examine whether, (2) consistent with findings reported by Wright et al. (2014), the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms during the intervention would be expressed as a quadratic function marked by a weak association at baseline, followed by an increase to a peak before demonstrating a negligible decrease until the end of treatment. Results: In support of hypothesis 1, we found that reporting greater anxiety symptoms during the current week relative to other weeks was associated with greater depressive symptoms during the current week. Contrary to hypothesis 2, the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms evidenced a recurring pattern, with the association increasing during the initial weeks, decreasing during mid-treatment and sharply increasing toward the end of treatment. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate that anxiety and depressive symptoms overlap and fluctuate in concert during a smartphone-based intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms. The present findings may warrant more refined intervention strategies specifically tailored to co-occurring patterns of change in symptoms.

scholarly journals Examining the mediating role of resources in the temporal relationship between proactive burnout prevention and burnout

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon C. B. Otto ◽  
Joris Van Ruysseveldt ◽  
Nicole Hoefsmit ◽  
Karen Van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Burnout Prevention ◽  
Personal Domain ◽  
Proactive Behaviors ◽  
Resource Generation

Abstract Background Employees who engage in proactive burnout prevention can prevent burnout by changing aspects of the work, home, and personal domain. However, these proactive behaviors may be impeded by high initial levels of burnout. Based on the conservation of resources theory and the dual-pathway proactivity model, resources were expected to play a vital role in the relationship between proactive burnout prevention and burnout through two distinct processes: a resource-generation process in which proactive burnout prevention negatively affects burnout through an increase in resources, and a resource-depletion process in which proactive burnout prevention is hindered because high initial levels of burnout negatively affected resources. Methods A two-wave longitudinal panel design was used in which 617 employees, mainly employed in government agencies, healthcare and education, were asked to complete an online survey twice with an interval of 1 month. Results Results of structural equation modelling showed clear evidence for the resource-generation process in the work, home, and personal domain, and only limited evidence for the resource-depletion process. Solely in the personal domain a small negative indirect effect of burnout on proactive burnout prevention through personal resources was found. Conclusions The findings of this study confirm that employees can proactively prevent burnout by investing in resources, yet proactive actions should be taken before increased burnout-complaints impede employees to do so. This study contributes to scientific knowledge on proactive behaviors and burnout prevention by investigating the mechanism underlying the temporal relationship between proactive burnout prevention and burnout. An important practical implication of this study is that it highlights that more attention should be given to employees’ self-initiated actions to prevent burnout, as proactive burnout prevention can effectively reduce levels of burnout.

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