Examining the Temporal Dynamics of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During a Therapist-Supported, Smartphone-Based Intervention for Major Depression (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Allende ◽  
Valerie Forman-Hoffman ◽  
Philippe Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Highly Correlated

UNSTRUCTURED Background: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly correlated in adults with depression; however, little is known about their interaction and temporal dynamics of change during treatment. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to examine the temporal dynamics of anxiety and depressive symptoms during a 12-week therapist-supported, smartphone-delivered digital health intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety, the Meru Health Program (MHP). Method: A total of 290 participants from the MHP were included in the present analyses (age Mean = 39.64, SD = 10.25 years; 79% female; 54% self-reported psychotropic medication use). A variance components model was used to examine whether (1) reporting greater anxiety during the current week relative to anxiety reported in other weeks would be associated with greater reporting of depressive symptoms during the current week, while a time-varying effect model was used to examine whether, (2) consistent with findings reported by Wright et al. (2014), the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms during the intervention would be expressed as a quadratic function marked by a weak association at baseline, followed by an increase to a peak before demonstrating a negligible decrease until the end of treatment. Results: In support of hypothesis 1, we found that reporting greater anxiety symptoms during the current week relative to other weeks was associated with greater depressive symptoms during the current week. Contrary to hypothesis 2, the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms evidenced a recurring pattern, with the association increasing during the initial weeks, decreasing during mid-treatment and sharply increasing toward the end of treatment. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate that anxiety and depressive symptoms overlap and fluctuate in concert during a smartphone-based intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms. The present findings may warrant more refined intervention strategies specifically tailored to co-occurring patterns of change in symptoms.

Significant reduction in depressive symptoms among patients with at least moderately severe depressive symptoms after participation in a therapist-supported, evidence-based program delivered via a smartphone app

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Forman-Hoffman ◽  
Kristian Ranta ◽  
Albert Nazander ◽  
Outi Hilgert ◽  
Joao de Quevedo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Program Assessment ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Treat Analysis

Depression is a debilitating disorder associated with many poor health outcomes, including increased comorbidity and early mortality. Despite the advent of new digital health interventions, few have been tested among patients with more severe forms of depression. As such, we examined whether 150 patients with at least moderately severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9>=15) experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms after participation in a therapist-supported, evidence-based program delivered via smartphone app. An-intent-to-treat analysis showed that patients with at least moderately severe depressive symptoms at pre-program assessment experienced significant decreases in depressive symptoms at end-of treatment (mean PHQ-9 reduction=7.3, Hedges’ g = 1.7]) that were maintained at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-program. Also, 40% of patients with at least moderately severe depressive symptoms at baseline and 32% of patients with severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9>=20) at baseline responded to the intervention at end-of-treatment, defined as experiencing >= 50% reduction in PHQ-9 score and a post-program PHQ-9 score lower than 10. Future randomized trials are warranted to test the Meru Health Program as a scalable solution for patients with more severe symptoms of depression.

scholarly journals The construct of internalization: conceptualization, measurement, and prediction of smoking treatment outcome

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SCOTT ACTON ◽  
JEFFREY D. KUNZ ◽  
MARK WILSON ◽  
SHARON M. HALL
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Highly Correlated

Background. Depression symptoms and diagnoses are associated with failure to quit smoking in most studies, but not all.Method. A new measure of internalization (i.e. symptoms of depression or anxiety, or poor mood) was created to investigate whether internalization would predict smoking cessation in 549 smokers from three randomized clinical trials with inconsistent findings.Results. Predicted item locations based on a map of the construct of internalization agreed with empirical locations based on item response theory. Internalization was highly correlated with neuroticism. Logistic regressions showed that internalization improved upon the predictions of other affect-related measures. High baseline internalization decreased abstinence from smoking at end of treatment and 3 months thereafter. History of major depression (single-episode or recurrent) failed to predict abstinence.Conclusions. The broad, dimensional construct of internalization as conceptualized herein appears to be an important predictor of smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Eye tracking and attentional bias for depressive internet memes in depression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Akram ◽  
Jason G. Ellis ◽  
Glhenda Cau ◽  
Frayer Hershaw ◽  
Ashlieen Rajenthran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Type Interaction

AbstractPrevious research highlights the potential benefits of engaging with depressive internet memes for those experiencing symptoms of depression. This study aimed to determine whether: compared to non-depressed controls, individuals experiencing depressive symptoms were quicker to orient and maintain overall attention for internet memes depicting depressive content relative to neutral memes. N = 21 individuals were grouped based on the severity of reported depression symptoms using the PhQ-9. Specifically, a score of:  ≤ 4 denoted the control group; and  ≥ 15 the depressive symptoms group. Participants viewed a series of meme pairs depicting depressive and neutral memes for periods of 4000 ms. Data for the first fixation onset and duration, total fixation count and total fixation and gaze duration of eye-movements were recorded. A significant group x meme-type interaction indicated that participants with depressive symptoms displayed significantly more fixations on depressive rather than neutral memes. These outcomes provide suggestive evidence for the notion that depressive symptoms are associated with an attentional bias towards socio-emotionally salient stimuli.

Frequency and heritability of depression symptomatology in the second half of life: evidence from Danish twins over 45

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. JOHNSON ◽  
M. McGUE ◽  
D. GAIST ◽  
J. W. VAUPEL ◽  
K. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Genetic Origins ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Special Risk

Background. Self-reported depressive symptoms among the elderly have generated considerable interest because they are readily available measures of overall well-being in a population often thought to be at special risk for mental disorder.Method. The heritability of depression symptoms was investigated in a sample of 2169 pairs of Danish twins (1033 MZ and 1136 same sex DZ) ranging in age from 45 to over 95. Twins completed an interview assessment that identified symptoms of depression, which were scored on Affective, Somatic and Total scales.Results. Overall heritability estimates (a2) for the Affective (a2 = 0.27, (95% CI 0.22–0.32)). Somatic (a2 = 0.26, (0.21–0.32)), and Total (a2 = 0.29, (0.22–0.34)) scales were all moderate, statistically significant and similar to results from other studies. To assess possible variations in heritability across the wide age span, the sample was stratified into age groups in increments of 10 years. The magnitude of heritable influence did not vary significantly with age or sex. Somatic scale heritability tended to be greater for females than for males, though this difference was not statistically significant. The genetic correlation between the Affective and Somatic scales was 0.71, suggesting substantial common genetic origins.Conclusions. Though the frequency of self-reported depressive symptoms increased with age in this sample, their heritability did not.

scholarly journals Symptoms of Depression in Patients with Chemosensory Disorders

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Ben Chen ◽  
Cara Benzien ◽  
Vanda Faria ◽  
Yuping Ning ◽  
Mandy Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with chemosensory dysfunction frequently report symptoms of depression. The current study aims to clarify whether the type (smell dysfunction, taste dysfunction, and mixed smell and taste dysfunction), severity, duration, or cause of dysfunction have differential impacts on the symptoms of depression. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 899 patients with chemosensory disorders and 62 controls were included. Following a structured interview and an otorhinolaryngological examination, subjects underwent olfactory tests (Sniffin’ Sticks), gustatory tests (taste sprays) and an assessment of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Information on the cause and duration of disorders was also collected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with combined olfactory/gustatory dysfunction had higher depression scores than patients with smell dysfunction only and controls, and no significant difference was found between the smell dysfunction and controls. Anosmia patients, but not hyposmia patients, exhibited higher depression scores than controls. Among various causes of chemosensory disorders, patients from the posttraumatic group had higher depression scores than patients with other causes of chemosensory dysfunction (sinonasal, idiopathic, or postinfectious). Multiple linear regression analyses suggested that reduced olfactory function was associated with enhanced depression scores in the olfactory disorders group (<i>B</i> = −0.326, <i>t</i> = −2.294, and <i>p</i> = 0.02) and in all patients with chemosensory disorders (<i>B</i> = −0.374, <i>t</i> = −2.550, <i>p</i> = 0.017). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Simultaneously decreased input of olfaction and gustation seems to have an additive effect on the exacerbation of emotional dysfunction. Early intervention should be considered for depression symptoms in patients with mixed olfactory/gustatory dysfunction in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Associations Between Positive Mental Wellbeing and Depressive Symptoms in Australian Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Zadow ◽  
Stephen Houghton ◽  
Simon C. Hunter ◽  
Michael Rosenberg ◽  
Lisa Wood
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Highly Correlated

This study examined the association and directionality of effect between mental wellbeing and depressive symptoms in Australian adolescents. Data were collected on two occasions 21 months apart. At Time 1, 1,762 10- to 14-year-old adolescents from a range of socio-economic status areas participated. At Time 2 (T2), 1,575 participated again. On both occasions, the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) and the Children's Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2) were administered via online survey. Cross-lagged, longitudinal path analyses demonstrated a negative association between earlier symptoms of depression and later positive mental wellbeing, and that the reverse was also true, though weaker. The model accounted for 20% of the variance in males’ T2 CDI 2 depressive symptom scores (26% for females) and 21% of the variance in males’ T2 SWEMWBS mental wellbeing scores (23% for females). Depressive symptomatology and mental wellbeing were highly correlated, but symptoms of depression were more strongly associated with later mental wellbeing than vice versa. This has implications for educational psychologists, teachers, health professionals, and policy makers seeking to reduce depressive symptoms or promote mental wellbeing. Focusing solely on the promotion of mental wellbeing, without intervening to reduce symptoms of depression, may limit the potential outcomes that might be achieved.

scholarly journals Deep learning for prediction of depressive symptoms in a large textual dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Zia Uddin ◽  
Kim Kristoffer Dysthe ◽  
Asbjørn Følstad ◽  
Petter Bae Brandtzaeg
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Information Channel ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Prediction Approach

AbstractDepression is a common illness worldwide with potentially severe implications. Early identification of depressive symptoms is a crucial first step towards assessment, intervention, and relapse prevention. With an increase in data sets with relevance for depression, and the advancement of machine learning, there is a potential to develop intelligent systems to detect symptoms of depression in written material. This work proposes an efficient approach using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to identify texts describing self-perceived symptoms of depression. The approach is applied on a large dataset from a public online information channel for young people in Norway. The dataset consists of youth’s own text-based questions on this information channel. Features are then provided from a one-hot process on robust features extracted from the reflection of possible symptoms of depression pre-defined by medical and psychological experts. The features are better than conventional approaches, which are mostly based on the word frequencies (i.e., some topmost frequent words are chosen as features from the whole text dataset and applied to model the underlying events in any text message) rather than symptoms. Then, a deep learning approach is applied (i.e., RNN) to train the time-sequential features discriminating texts describing depression symptoms from posts with no such descriptions (non-depression posts). Finally, the trained RNN is used to automatically predict depression posts. The system is compared against conventional approaches where it achieved superior performance than others. The linear discriminant space clearly reveals the robustness of the features by generating better clustering than other traditional features. Besides, since the features are based on the possible symptoms of depression, the system may generate meaningful explanations of the decision from machine learning models using an explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithm called Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME). The proposed depression symptom feature-based approach shows superior performance compared to the traditional general word frequency-based approaches where frequency of the features gets more importance than the specific symptoms of depression. Although the proposed approach is applied on a Norwegian dataset, a similar robust approach can be applied on other depression datasets developed in other languages with proper annotations and symptom-based feature extraction. Thus, the depression prediction approach can be adopted to contribute to develop better mental health care technologies such as intelligent chatbots.

scholarly journals Assessing Changes in Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety During Four Weeks of Cannabis Abstinence Among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Cooke ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Erin Lamberth ◽  
Natali Rychik ◽  
Brenden Tervo-Clemmens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Symptom

Background: Cannabis use is prevalent among adolescents, and many report using in attempts to alleviate negative mood and anxiety. Abstinence from substances such as alcohol and tobacco has been reported to improve symptoms of anxiety and depression. Few studies have examined the effect of cannabis abstinence on symptoms of anxiety and depression.Objective: To test the effect of 4 weeks of continuous cannabis abstinence on depressive and anxious symptoms.Methods: Healthy, non-treatment seeking adolescents who used cannabis at least weekly (n = 179) were randomized to either 4 weeks of cannabis abstinence achieved through a contingency management paradigm (CB-Abst) or cannabis use monitoring without an abstinence requirement (CB-Mon). Abstinence was assessed by self-report verified with quantitative assay of urine for cannabinoids. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed weekly with the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ).Results: Symptoms of depression and anxiety decreased throughout the study for all participants (MASQ-AA: stnd beta = −0.08, p = 0.01, MASQ-GDA: stnd beta = −0.11, p = 0.003, MASQ-GDD: stnd beta = −0.08, p = 0.02) and did not differ significantly between randomization groups (p's &gt; 0.46). Exploratory analyses revealed a trend that abstinence may be associated with greater improvement in symptoms of anxiety and depression among those using cannabis to cope with negative affect and those with potentially hazardous levels of cannabis use.Conclusions: Among adolescents who use cannabis at least weekly, 4 weeks of cannabis abstinence was not associated with a significant change in anxiety or depressive symptoms compared to continued use. For recreational cannabis users who may be concerned about reducing their use for fear of increased symptoms of anxiety and depression, findings suggest that significant symptom worsening may not occur within the first 4 weeks of abstinence. Further studies are needed in clinical populations where anxiety and depression symptoms are measured more frequently and for a longer period of abstinence. Future studies are also needed to determine whether there are subgroups of adolescents who are uniquely impacted by sustained cannabis abstinence.

scholarly journals Screening for Symptoms of Depression by Physical Therapists Managing Low Back Pain

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Haggman ◽  
Christopher G Maher ◽  
Kathryn M Refshauge
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Abstract Background and Purpose. Depression is a condition that worsens the prognosis of low back pain (LBP) and is under-recognized and undertreated in primary care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy with which physical therapists screen for depressive symptoms among their patients with LBP. Subjects. Sixty-eight physical therapists and 232 patients with nonspecific LBP from 40 physical therapy clinics participated. Methods. Patients completed the reference standard (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales [DASS]) and a 2-item screening test for depression taken from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Procedure (PRIME-MD). Treating physical therapists used a 0 to 10 scale to judge whether each patient was depressed. Based on the short-form Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) depression scale score, each patient was categorized as exhibiting normal, mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe depression symptoms, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to describe test accuracy. Results. The 2-item screening test was more accurate in screening for depressive symptoms than the physical therapists' ratings were; for example, in detecting moderate depressive symptoms in the 2 areas under the ROC curve, values were 0.66 versus 0.79. Discussion and Conclusion. Because the therapists did not accurately identify symptoms of depression, even symptoms of severe depression, despite the common presentation in their clinics, we recommend that physical therapists managing patients with LBP use the 2-item depression screening test. Administration of this screening test would improve physical therapists' ability to screen for symptoms of depression and would enable referral for appropriate management.

scholarly journals What causes depression in adults?

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bembnowska ◽  
Jadwiga Jośko-Ochojska
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cultural Components

Abstract The problem of depression in adolescents is discussed increasingly more often. A lot of researchers devote their careers to investigating this subject. The issue becomes vital, since the number of young people with depressive symptoms is constantly on the rise. The diagnosis can be difficult, as many a time the changes so typical for the puberty period appear. They include mood swings, explosiveness, propulsion disorders, puissance, insomnia, concentration problems etc. These might be the first symptoms of depression as well. It is impossible to point to one cause of depression because it is a disease conditioned by many different factors, ranging from independent factors like genetic, biological, hormonal, through the influence of the family or the environment influence and socio-cultural components. Early depression symptoms, long time exposure to stress, challenges or adversities - things every young person has to deal with - are a breeding ground for risky behaviors among adolescents. Teens are more likely to reach for different kinds of stimulants like alcohol, cigarettes or drugs etc. It has also been proven that anti-health behaviors may cause depression in the future

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