Prodromal Assessment With the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms: Predictive Validity, Interrater Reliability, and Training to Reliability

Obtaining dietetic licensure in Ontario requires completion of a Dietitians of Canada (DC) accredited four-year undergraduate degree in nutrition and an accredited post-graduate internship or combined Master’s degree program. Given the scarcity of internship positions in Ontario, each year approximately two-thirds of the eligible applicants who apply do not receive a position XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, in press). Anecdotally, not securing an internship position is known to be a particularly disconcerting experience that has significant consequences for individuals’ personal, financial, and professional well-being. However, no known empirical research has yet explored students’ experiences of being unsuccessful in applying for internship positions. Fifteen individuals who applied between 2005 and 2009 to an Ontario-based dietetic internship program, but were unsuccessful at least once, participated in a one-on-one semi-structured interview. Findings reveal that participants’ experiences unfold successively in four phases that are characterized by increasingly heightened emotional peril: naïveté, competition, devastation, and frustration. The authors conclude that the current model of dietetic education and training in Ontario causes lasting distress to students and hinders the future growth and vitality of the dietetic profession. Further research is required to understand the impact of the current model on dietetic educators, internship coordinators, and preceptors as coincident participants in the internship application process.

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The Criterion Validity, Reliability, and Feasibility of an Instrument for Assessing the Nursing Intensity in Perioperative Settings

Nursing Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2017/1048052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Satu Rauta ◽

Sanna Salanterä ◽

Tero Vahlberg ◽

Kristiina Junttila

Keyword(s):

Predictive Validity ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Criterion Validity ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Patient Classification ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Care Needs ◽

Perioperative Nurses ◽

Staff Allocation

Patient classification systems generate information for staff allocation based on a patient’s care needs. This study aims to test further the instrument for assessing nursing intensity (NI) in perioperative settings. Nine operating departments from five university hospitals were involved. The perioperative nurses gathered data from patients (N=876) representing different fields of surgery. Reliability was tested by parallel classifications (n=144). Also, the users’ (n=40) opinions were surveyed. The results support the predictive validity and interrater reliability of the instrument. The nurses considered the instrument feasible to use. The patients’ low ASA class did not automatically signify low NI; however, high ASA class was more frequently associated with high intraoperative NI. Intraoperative NI indicated the length of the postanaesthesia care and the type of the follow-up unit. Parallel classifications ensured the homogenous use of the instrument. The use of the instrument is recommended.

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THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Journal of Management ◽

10.38104/vadyba.2021.1.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28

Author(s):

Endre Szabó ◽

Katinka Bajkai-Tóth ◽

Ildikó Rudnák ◽

Róbert Magda

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Human Resource ◽

Automotive Industry ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Training System ◽

Preventive Action ◽

The Impact ◽

And Training

In the course of the research, we examined the impact of the selection and training system of a Hungarian automotive company on organizational performance, which together ensure the future development of the company. It contributes to the optimization of sales, purchasing and logistics processes, ensures customer satisfaction and the success of the company. In this fast-paced and globalized world, it is essential for companies to be aware that one of the most important factors of production is human resources themselves, whose proper selection and training are a key element in maintaining and developing economic competitiveness. Human resources play the biggest role in the operation of an economic organization. Process quality and process orientation reduce costs, increase profitability, and improve processes to always meet growing requirements. This is the basis of the quality strategy. Therefore, it consistently applies preventive quality assurance methods, learns from failures, eliminates the causes of mistakes without delays and transfers its experience to all areas of the company for preventive action. It is customer-oriented and strives for excellence in all areas, and thus makes it an obligation for everyone to aim for the highest level of customer service. Due to the special peculiarities and characteristics of the labor force, it cannot be compared to any of the production resources. Taking this as a basis, the human resource management used to be more of a functional purpose, while in recent decades human factors have become an essential source of competitiveness. The market operation and performance of an organization depends significantly on how we can select the most suitable workforce. We need to see what the strategic points that determine the role of HR are, and we are also looking for the answer in which direction the needs, expectations and professionalism given by the generational difference move the activities of human resources. The aim of the research is to get an answer to how the employees of one of the leading Hungarian players in the automotive industry perceive the importance of the selection and training of the workforce in maintaining and improving competitiveness. To this end, we used a semi-structured interview, with the help of which we evaluated the current selection and training processes in the light of competitiveness and made suggestions for the improvement and refinement of these processes.

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Longitudinal study of premorbid adjustment in 22q11.2 deletion (velocardiofacial) syndrome and association with psychosis

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579416000018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 93-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Petya D. Radoeva ◽

Wanda Fremont ◽

Kevin M. Antshel ◽

Wendy R. Kates

Keyword(s):

Early Adolescence ◽

Velocardiofacial Syndrome ◽

Structured Interview ◽

School Age Children ◽

Deletion Syndrome ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

22Q11.2 Deletion ◽

Prodromal Symptoms ◽

Premorbid Adjustment ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractVelocardiofacial syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), is associated with an increased risk of major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The emergence of psychotic symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia in the general population is often preceded by a premorbid period of poor or worsening social and/or academic functioning. Our current study evaluated premorbid adjustment (via the Cannon–Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale [PAS]) and psychotic symptoms (via the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version) in youth with 22q11DS (N = 96), unaffected siblings (N = 40), and community controls (N = 50). The PAS scores indicated greater maladjustment during all developmental periods in individuals with 22q11DS compared to the controls. Many participants with 22q11DS had chronically poor (n = 33) or deteriorating (n = 6) PAS scores. In 22q11DS, chronically poor PAS trajectories and poor childhood and early adolescence academic domain and total PAS scores significantly increased the risk of prodromal symptoms or overt psychosis. Taking into account the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype, the best predictor of (prodromal) psychosis was the early adolescence academic domain score, which yielded higher sensitivity and specificity in the subgroup of youth with 22q11DS and the high-activity (valine) allele. PAS scores may help identify individuals at higher risk for psychosis.

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A semi-structured interview for psychological autopsy in suicide cases

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462003000400006 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 212-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Blanca Guevara Werlang ◽

Neury José Botega

Keyword(s):

Interrater Reliability ◽

Kappa Statistic ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Psychological Autopsy ◽

One Step ◽

Evaluation Module ◽

Key Topics ◽

Final Agreement

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the applicability and the interrater reliability of a Semi-Structured Interview for psychological autopsy in cases of suicide. METHOD: The Semi-Structured Interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA) proposed in this paper consists of four modules which evaluate key-topics associated to suicide. In order to evaluate the instrument's applicability, a sample formed by 42 subjects related to 21 suicide cases was used. The interviews were tape-recorded first and then transcribed. The related material as well as the police inquiry data were presented to four judges. Evaluation of information has been performed with the help of a four-module formulary for decision making: precipitants and/or stressors, motivation, lethality, and intentionality. Data processing, whenever possible, has been accomplished using kappa statistics. When kappa statistic was not applicable, concordance percentage has been used. RESULTS: The SSIPA is applicable because it provides information containing a significant degree of agreement between evaluators, found in one hundred and twenty measurements of judgements made by four judges. There has been significant statistical agreement between the judges in three modules (precipitants and/or stressors, motivation, and intentionality) of the model for decision, except in one step of each module, which did not interfere in the final agreement on the present evaluation. In the lethality evaluation module, there has been a 100% agreement between judges. The judgement made by the raters on the four modules have allowed to reach a final agreement regarding the death mode as suicide. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that it is possible to use a semi-structured instrument for psychological autopsy in cases of suicide, when the interviewees are relatives who accepted to provide information.

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Pharmacist—Pharmacy Technician Intraprofessional Collaboration and Workplace Integration: Implications for Educators

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy8020095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Jetha ◽

Ali Walji ◽

Paul Gregory ◽

Dalya Abdulla ◽

Zubin Austin

Keyword(s):

Continuing Professional Development ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Learning Opportunities ◽

Multiple Stakeholder ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Pharmacy Technicians ◽

Intraprofessional Collaboration ◽

The Impact ◽

And Training

Globally, concerns have been expressed regarding the impact of regulation of pharmacy technicians. After more than a decade of experience with technician regulation in Ontario, Canada, uptake of the full scope of practice for technicians has been sporadic at best. The objective of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators to intraprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians for the purpose of identifying possible curricular or educational interventions to enhance workplace integration. A qualitative, interview-based study of 24 pharmacists, technicians, educators, pharmacy managers, and owners was undertaken using a semi-structured interview guide. Key findings of this research include: (i) Confirmation of suboptimal utilization of regulated technicians in practice; (ii) identification of crucial knowledge and skills gaps for both pharmacists and technicians; and (iii) proposals for undergraduate education and training, and continuing professional development learning opportunities to address these gaps. In order to achieve the promise and potential of regulation of pharmacy technicians, system-wide change management—beginning with education—will be required and will benefit from multiple stakeholder engagement and involvement.

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How careers advice and guidance can facilitate career development in technical, vocational education, and training graduates: The case in Nigeria

Australian Journal of Career Development ◽

10.1177/1038416220916814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Ugochukwu Chinonso Okolie ◽

Chinyere A Nwajiuba ◽

Michael Olayinka Binuomote ◽

Catherine U Osuji ◽

Godwin Onnon Onajite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Career Development ◽

Vocational Education ◽

Education And Training ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

National Board ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

Technical Vocational Education ◽

And Training

This study examined the current state of careers advice, guidance, and counselling (CAGC) services and programmes in the technical, vocational education, and training (TVET) system of Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs). This was to determine how well current CAGC services and programmes foster students’ career development, aspirations, and choices. Forty-eight participants, who were members of the Nigerian National Board for Technical Education (8 participants), guidance counsellors (6), university TVET teachers (18), career experts from the National Directorate of Employment (7), and newly employed TVET graduates (9), volunteered for the study. A purposeful sampling procedure was adopted to recruit participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview approach, and we employed a thematic design for the coding and analysis of the transcribed data. The study found no CAGC services and programmes in the TVET system. It is recommended, therefore, that TVET systems should focus on providing career development enhanced learning rather than schooling only by revising the curriculum to include programmes and activities that promote CAGC activities and programmes.

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T27. COGNITIVE RESERVE IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OFFSPRING OF PATIENTS DIANOSED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA OR BIPOLAR DISORDER

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S241-S242

Author(s):

Elena De la Serna ◽

Patricia Camprodon-Boadas ◽

Gisela Sugranyes ◽

Carla Torrent ◽

Brisa Sole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

High Risk ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Prodromal Symptoms ◽

Neuropsychological Variables

Abstract Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) is defined as the ability of the brain to cope and deal with physiological or pathological brain injuries. In the field of psychiatry, higher levels of CR have been associated with lower levels of psychotic symptoms, higher psycho-social functioning and higher cognitive performance, suggesting that CR should be considered as a protective factor (Barnett et al., 2006; Amoretti et al., 2016). This study aims to compare CR levels in a sample of adolescents and young adult offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who are at high risk of developing these disorders (HR) and compared them with a group of healthy controls (HC). We also assess the utility of CR in predicting clinical and cognitive variables. Methods Participants were 85 HR and 45 HC. A CR proxy was calculated based on premorbid IQ, socio-occupational attainment and social activities. Clinical assessment included: the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Neuropsychological assessment included: Working Memory, Processing Speed, Verbal Memory, attention and executive functioning. A factorial analysis was conducted in order to obtain a single CR measure. Differences between groups in CR were assessed via MANCOVA and linear regressions were conducted to check the effectiveness of CR in predicting clinical and neuropsychological variables. Results No significant differences were observed in age or gender between HR and HC groups. Socioeconomic status was lower in HR subjects (F=8.100, p=0.005).CR was significantly lower in the HR group than in the HC group (F=17.522; p<0.001). Moreover, the CR proxy was able to correctly classify 72.7% of the sample as either HR or HC. Our proxy was able to predict the following clinical variables in the HR group: negative (F=9.269; p=0.002), and total (F=7.290; p=0.009) prodromal symptoms, the YMRS (F=11.597; P<0.001) and the HDRS (F=12.761; p<0.001). In terms of neuropsychological variables, RC predicted WM (F=9.738; p=0.003), PS (F=4.557; p=0.037) and verbal memory [immediate (F=6.999; p=0.010) and delayed recall (F=10.990; P=0.002)] in the HR sample. Discussion HR subjects have lower CR than controls. CR is associated with clinical and neuropsychological variables. To our knowledge no previous studies have assessed CR in high risk samples. Nevertheless, studies conducted in adult first episode psychotic samples have shown an association between CR and the severity of symptoms.

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Primary school principals in Ethiopia: Selection and preparation

Educational Management Administration & Leadership ◽

10.1177/1741143219836673 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 651-681

Author(s):

Tesfaye Gemechu Gurmu

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Leadership ◽

School Principals ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Teaching Experience ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Grade Point ◽

Primary School Principals ◽

And Performance ◽

And Training

The study is an explanatory qualitative research that seeks to investigate the processes of Ethiopian primary school principals’ selection and training for professionalising principals. The participants are seven faculty members, 11 school principals and five education officials. Data are collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion and document analysis that are analysed thematically. Findings of the study show that the denial of principalship to professional graduates and political affiliation lens are scenarios that inform principals’ selection for leadership positions. Selection criteria that give emphasis to university degree Grade Point Average (GPA), teaching experience and performance are deciding who is selected for postgraduate diploma in school leadership (PGDSL) training. These indicate the gap the selection processes have in selecting competent leaders for the training. The study also shows that the duration of the primary school principals’ training is short. Its curriculum lacks depth and breadth. Albeit the training helps trainees to be familiarised with school leading, it is deficient in informing principalship professionalisation. The Ministry of Education, therefore, needs to revisit the selection and training processes so that proper criteria and procedures, inform the selection and training of competent professionals needed in the area.

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