scholarly journals Music Intervention Reduces Persistent Fibromyalgia Pain and Alters Functional Connectivity Between the Insula and Default Mode Network

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1546-1552
Author(s):  
Chie Usui ◽  
Eiji Kirino ◽  
Shoji Tanaka ◽  
Rie Inami ◽  
Kenya Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of short-term music interventions among patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and to clarify the alterations in functional connectivity and persistent pain. Design Pilot study. Setting All participants were evaluated at Juntendo University from November 2017 to January 2019. Subjects We enrolled female patients who had been clinically diagnosed with FM (N = 23). Methods All participants listened to Mozart’s Duo for Violin and Viola No. 1, K. 423, in a quiet room for 17 minutes. We compared the degree of pain using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and the numeric rating scale before and after listening to music. Results Pain scores were significantly reduced after listening to music. Further, we observed there was a significant difference in connectivity between the right insular cortex (IC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus (PCu) before and after listening to music. We also found that the difference between the right IC-PCu connectivity and the difference in pain scores were significantly correlated. Conclusions We found that a short period of music intervention reduced chronic pain and altered functional IC–default mode network connectivity. Furthermore, music potentially normalized the neural network via IC–default mode network connectivity, yielding temporary pain relief in patients with FM. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.

scholarly journals The Association of Metabolic Dysfunction and Mood Across Lifespan Interacts With the Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Portugal-Nunes ◽  
Joana Reis ◽  
Ana Coelho ◽  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Teresa Costa Castanho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
The Right

Background: Numerous studies suggest a relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome, which is likely influenced by age. Interestingly, functional imaging analysis has shown an association between functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN-FC) and components of metabolic syndrome, which is explored in this study.Methods: From a larger longitudinal cohort study on healthy aging, 943 individuals were extensively characterized for mood and cognition. Among these, 120 individuals who were selected for displaying extreme cognitive performance within the normal range (good and poor performers) were further studied. Here, in a cross-sectional design, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the association between metabolic dysfunction and depressive mood as a function of age and its relationship with DMN-FC was studied.Results: Metabolic dysfunction was modeled as a second-order latent variable using CFA. First-order latent variables were obesity, glucose dysmetabolism, lipids imbalance, and blood pressure. Using multiple linear regression models, this study observed that metabolic dysfunction, glucose dysmetabolism, and lipids imbalance were linearly associated with depressive mood, and the association with obesity was U-shaped. The association of metabolic dysfunction, obesity, and glucose dysmetabolism with depressive mood is positive for the younger individuals in our sample and vanishes with aging. The FC of the right superior temporal gyrus with the DMN correlated with both obesity and depressive mood. In participants with higher obesity scores, FC increased with higher GDS scores, while in those with lower GDS scores, FC decreased. Age and blood pressure were associated with a more complex pattern of association between FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and GDS score.Conclusion: The association of metabolic dysfunction with depressive mood is influenced by age and relates with differential patterns of DMN-FC. The combination of the effects of age, mood, and metabolic dysfunction is likely to explain the heterogeneity of DMN-FC, which deserves further investigation with larger and longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Advanced Meditation Alters Resting-State Brain Network Connectivity Correlating With Improved Mindfulness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramana V. Vishnubhotla ◽  
Rupa Radhakrishnan ◽  
Kestas Kveraga ◽  
Rachael Deardorff ◽  
Chithra Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive 8-day Samyama meditation program on the brain functional connectivity using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).Methods: Thirteen Samyama program participants (meditators) and 4 controls underwent fMRI brain scans before and after the 8-day residential meditation program. Subjects underwent fMRI with a blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast at rest and during focused breathing. Changes in network connectivity before and after Samyama program were evaluated. In addition, validated psychological metrics were correlated with changes in functional connectivity.Results: Meditators showed significantly increased network connectivity between the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) after the Samyama program (p < 0.01). Increased connectivity within the SN correlated with an improvement in self-reported mindfulness scores (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Samyama, an intensive silent meditation program, favorably increased the resting-state functional connectivity between the salience and default mode networks. During focused breath watching, meditators had lower intra-network connectivity in specific networks. Furthermore, increased intra-network connectivity correlated with improved self-reported mindfulness after Samyama.Clinical Trials Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov], Identifier: [NCT04366544]. Registered on 4/17/2020.

scholarly journals Brain network connectivity in major depression: extending findings from a large public data set by meta-analysis across sites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Tozzi ◽  
Leanne Maree Williams
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Public Data

In this short communication, we test whether patients with major depression and healthy individuals have different functional connectivity within established brain networks. To this end, we leverage a very large multi-site data set of resting state fMRI data (1,300 depressed patients and 1,128 controls) collected by 25 groups. A previous study conducted on this data set compared functional connectivity of the default mode network between the two groups. In our investigation, we performed a meta-analysis across sites quantifying the effects of depression and symptom severity on connectivity of several brain-wide networks beyond the default mode. Running a meta-analysis instead of a mega-analysis also allowed us to calculate effect sizes, heterogeneity and prediction intervals that will be valuable to inform future studies wishing to investigate network functional connectivity in depression. Our results indicate that network connectivity differences between depressed and healthy subjects are consistently small, with confidence intervals almost always encompassing zero, in line with the mixed findings from previous research. Default mode network connectivity differences between depressed patients and controls were exceptionally heterogeneous across sites, suggesting the existence of depression sub-types with normo- and hypo-connected default mode network or a strong impact of clinical confounds on default mode network connectivity. The only networks for which connectivity in depressed individuals was consistently lower than in controls were the somato-motor and visual networks, which could be promising understudied targets for future investigation. Overall, we highlight the need of minimizing heterogeneity in future multi-site studies on functional connectivity in depression and the need for more research on novel taxonomies of mental illness that are robustly anchored in brain function.

scholarly journals Temporoparietal Connectivity Within Default Mode Network Associates With Clinical Improvements in Schizophrenia Following Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Hu ◽  
Huan Huang ◽  
Yuchao Jiang ◽  
Xiong Jiao ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
The Right

Although modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been reported to be effective for the treatment of schizophrenia (SCZ), its action mechanism is unclear. To elucidate the underlying ECT mechanisms of SCZ, this study used a longitudinal cohort including 21 SCZ patients receiving only antipsychotics (DSZ group) and 21 SCZ patients receiving a regular course of ECT combining with antipsychotics (MSZ group) for 4 weeks. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline (t1) and follow-up (t2) time points. A matched healthy control (HC) group included 23 individuals who were only scanned at baseline. Functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN) was evaluated before and after ECT. Significant interaction of the group over time was found in FC between angular gyrus (AG) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Post-hoc analysis showed a significantly enhanced FC of left AG(AG.L) and right MTG (MTG.R) in the MSZ group relative to the DSZ group. In addition, the right AG (AG.R) showed significantly enhanced FC between MTG.R and left MTG (MTG.L) after ECT in the MSZ group, but no in the DSZ group. In particular, the FCs change in AG.L-MTG.R and AG.R-MTG.R were positively correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative score reduction. Furthermore, the FC change in AG.L-MTG.R was also positively correlated with the PANSS general psychopathology score reduction. These findings confirmed a potential relationship between ECT inducing hyperconnectivity within DMN and improvements in symptomatology of SCZ, suggesting that ECT controls mental symptoms by regulating the temporoparietal connectivity within DMN.

scholarly journals Default Mode Network Ventral Hub Connectivity Associated with Memory Impairment in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot G. Neal ◽  
Long Di ◽  
You Jeong Park ◽  
Austin Finch ◽  
Ferdinand Korneli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn patients undergoing surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, the relationship between the default mode network and patients’ neurocognitive outcome remains unclear. The objective of this study is to employ non-invasive network mapping to identify the relationship between subdivisions of the default mode network and neurocognitive function before and after epilepsy surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.Twenty-seven medically patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy were prospectively enrolled and received resting state functional MRI and neuropsychological testing both pre- and post-operatively. Connectivity within the default mode network was modeled and average connectivity within the networks was calculated.Higher pre-operative connectivity in the ventral default mode network hub correlated with impaired baseline performance in a visual memory task. Post-operatively, a decrease in ventral but not dorsal default mode network connectivity was correlated with a deterioration of verbal and logical memory after surgery.Overall, higher connectivity in the ventral default mode network hub was associated with poor memory function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy both before and after temporal lobe surgery. Pre-operatively, higher ventral connectivity was associated with worse visual function. Post-operatively, decreased connectivity of the ventral and dorsal default mode network was correlated with a greater decrease in logical and verbal memory when compared with the pre-operation baseline. An imbalance in default mode network connectivity towards the ventral stream and more widespread epilepsy networks may be used to predict memory impairments following surgical intervention and may lead to more tailored surgical decision making based on this non-invasive network modeling.

scholarly journals Altered functional connectivity of cortical networks in semantic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Popal ◽  
Megan Quimby ◽  
Daisy Hochberg ◽  
Bradford C. Dickerson ◽  
Jessica A. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Semantic Variant

AbstractAs their illness progresses, patients with the semantic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA) frequently exhibit peculiar behaviors indicative of altered visual attention or an increased interest in artistic endeavors. In the present study, we examined changes within and between large-scale functional brain networks that may explain this altered visual behavior. We first examined the connectivity of the visual association network, the dorsal attention network, and the default mode network in healthy young adults (n=89) to understand the typical architecture of these networks in the healthy brain. We then compared the large-scale functional connectivity of these networks in a group of svPPA patients (n=12) to a group of age-matched cognitively normal controls (n=30). Our results showed that the between-network connectivity of the dorsal attention and visual association networks was elevated in svPPA patients relative to controls. We further showed that this heightened between-network connectivity was associated with a decrease in the within-network connectivity of the default mode network, possibly due to progressive degeneration of the anterior temporal lobes in svPPA. These results suggest that focal neurodegeneration can lead to the reorganization of large-scale cognitive networks beyond the primarily affected network(s), possibly contributing to cognitive or behavioral changes that are commonly present as part of the clinical phenotype of svPPA.

Poorer Theory of Mind in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Decreased Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Johannes C. Michaelian ◽  
Shantel L. Duffy ◽  
Loren Mowszowski ◽  
Adam J. Guastella ◽  
Donna McCade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Background: Older adults living with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) not only demonstrate impairments in Theory of Mind (ToM), relative to adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), but are also at a higher risk of developing dementia. Objective: Our primary objective was to ascertain whether default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity was differentially associated with ToM abilities between MCI subgroups. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated alterations in resting-state functional connectivity within the brain’s DMN in a sample of 43 older adults with aMCI (n = 19) and naMCI (n = 24), previously reported to demonstrate poorer ToM abilities. Results: Compared to naMCI, the aMCI subgroup revealed a significant association between poorer ToM performance and reduced functional connectivity between the bilateral temporal pole (TempP) and the left lateral temporal cortex (LTC) (LTC_L-TempP_L: b = –0.06, t(33) = –3.53, p = 0.02; LTC_L-TempP_R: b = –0.07,t(33) = –3.20, p = 0.03); between the right TempP and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) (b = –0.04, t(33) = –3.02, p = 0.03) and between the left and right TempP (b = –0.05, t(33) = –3.26, p = 0.03). In the naMCI subgroup, the opposite relationship was present between the bilateral TempP and the left LTC (Combined correlation: r = –0.47, p = 0.02), however, not between the right TempP and the dMPFC (r = –0.14, p = 0.51) or the left and right TempP (r = –0.31, p = 0.14). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that alterations in functional connectivity within the DMN involving temporal and frontal lobe regions are associated with ToM deficits in aMCI.

scholarly journals Amyloid-driven disruption of default mode network connectivity in cognitively healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ingala ◽  
Jori Tomassen ◽  
Lyduine E Collij ◽  
Naomi Prent ◽  
Dennis van ‘t Ent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Amyloid Burden ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

Abstract Cortical accumulation of amyloid beta is one of the first events of Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, and has been suggested to follow a consistent spatiotemporal ordering, starting in the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and medio-orbitofrontal cortex. These regions overlap with those of the default mode network, a brain network also involved in memory functions. Aberrant default mode network functional connectivity and higher network sparsity have been reported in prodromal and clinical Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the association between amyloid burden and default mode network connectivity in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease and its association with longitudinal memory decline. We included 173 participants, in which amyloid burden was assessed both in CSF by the amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, capturing the soluble part of amyloid pathology, and in dynamic PET scans calculating the non-displaceable binding potential in early-stage regions. The default mode network was identified with resting-state functional MRI. Then, we calculated functional connectivity in the default mode network, derived from independent component analysis, and eigenvector centrality, a graph measure recursively defining important nodes on the base of their connection with other important nodes. Memory was tested at baseline, 2- and 4-year follow-up. We demonstrated that higher amyloid burden as measured by both CSF amyloid beta 42/40 ratio and non-displaceable binding potential in the posterior cingulate cortex was associated with lower functional connectivity in the default mode network. The association between amyloid burden (CSF and non-displaceable binding potential in the posterior cingulate cortex) and aberrant default mode network connectivity was confirmed at the voxel level with both functional connectivity and eigenvector centrality measures, and it was driven by voxel clusters localized in the precuneus, cingulate, angular and left middle temporal gyri. Moreover, we demonstrated that functional connectivity in the default mode network predicts longitudinal memory decline synergistically with regional amyloid burden, as measured by non-displaceable binding potential in the posterior cingulate cortex. Taken together, these results suggest that early amyloid beta deposition is associated with aberrant default mode network connectivity in cognitively healthy individuals and that default mode network connectivity markers can be used to identify subjects at risk of memory decline.

scholarly journals Acupuncture Modulates the Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Stroke Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Kuangshi Li ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Fangyuan Cui ◽  
Zijing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Function Recovery ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hemispheric Infarction

Abundant evidence from previous fMRI studies on acupuncture has revealed significant modulatory effects at widespread brain regions. However, few reports on the modulation to the default mode network (DMN) of stroke patients have been investigated in the field of acupuncture. To study the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the DMN of stroke patients, eight right hemispheric infarction and stable ischemic stroke patients and ten healthy subjects were recruited to undergo resting state fMRI scanning before and after acupuncture stimulation. Functional connectivity analysis was applied with the bilateral posterior cingulate cortices chosen as the seed regions. The main finding demonstrated that the interregional interactions between the ACC and PCC especially enhanced after acupuncture at GB34 in stroke patients, compared with healthy controls. The results indicated that the possible mechanisms of the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the DMN of stroke patients could be interpreted in terms of cognitive ability and motor function recovery.

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