Chimeras of human extracellular and intracellular superoxide dismutases. Analysis of structure and function of the individual domains

We have simulated a nitrifying biofilm with one ammonia and one nitrite oxidising species in order to elucidate the effect of various extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production scenarios on biofilm structure and function. The individual-based model (IbM) BacSim simulates diffusion of all substrates on a two-dimensional lattice. Each bacterium is individually simulated as a sphere of given size in a continuous, three-dimensional space. EPS production kinetics was described by a growth rate dependent and an independent term (Luedeking-Piret equation). The structure of the biofilm was dramatically influenced by EPS production or capsule formation. EPS production decreased growth of producers and stimulated growth of non-producers because of the energy cost involved. For the same reason, EPS accumulation can fall as its rate of production increases. The patchiness and roughness of the biofilm decreased and the porosity increased due to EPS production. EPS density was maximal in the middle of the vertical profile. Introduction of binding forces between like cells increased clustering.

Download Full-text

Changes in the trace element concentrations of developing chick embryo brain tissue

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600024867 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 ◽

pp. 163-163

Author(s):

A. MacPherson ◽

J. Dixon ◽

R.C. Noble ◽

B. Speake ◽

M. Cocchi

Keyword(s):

Model System ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Superoxide Dismutases ◽

Avian Embryo ◽

Membrane Structure And Function ◽

Free Radical Attack ◽

And Function ◽

Radical Attack ◽

Embryo Brain ◽

Pufa Metabolism

Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) are vitally important for normal neonatal development. As well as providing a source of energy they are intrinsically involved in the establishment and maintenance of cell membrane structure and function. High PUFA levels, however, are subject to peroxidation and consequently require to be protected against free radical attack via an adequate antioxidant supply. The avian embryo was used as a model system as it is particularly dependent on PUFA and poor hatchability has recently been linked to inadequate PUFA metabolism. The micronutrient elements Se, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn are involved in the antioxidant complex through their presence in the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase. The concentrations of these elements were measured in eggs and in chick embryonic and post hatch brains at different stages of development in order to elucidate their roles in the maintenance of PUFA metabolism.

Download Full-text

Idiosyncratic cleavage and ligation activity of individual hammerhead ribozymes and core sequence variants thereof

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/bc.2007.065 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 388 (7) ◽

pp. 737-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rita Przybilski ◽

Christian Hammann

Keyword(s):

Small Rna ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Hammerhead Ribozyme ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Sequence Variants ◽

Hammerhead Ribozymes ◽

Satellite Dnas ◽

Cleavage Reactions ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function

AbstractThe hammerhead ribozyme is a small RNA endonuclease found in sub-viral plant pathogens, in transcripts from certain animal satellite DNAs and encoded at distinct loci ofArabidopsis thaliana. Kinetic analyses of tertiary stabilised ribozymes from peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd),Schistosoma mansoniandA. thalianarevealed a ten-fold difference in cleavage rates. Core nucleotide variations affected cleavage reactions least in theA. thalianaribozyme, and most in theS. mansoniribozyme. The reverse ligation reaction was catalysed efficiently by the PLMVd andA. thalianaribozymes. The different behaviour of the individual hammerhead ribozymes is discussed in terms of structure and function.

Download Full-text

The Doctor-Patient Relationship as a Diagnostic Tool

Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.2190/vg2h-q784-0w4w-47bb ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 343-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Max B. Clyne

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Abstract Concept ◽

Patient Relationship ◽

Doctor Patient Relationship ◽

Statistical Probability ◽

Objective Observer ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function

Diagnosis is possible on a number of levels. Traditional, overall, and interrelationship types of diagnosis are differentiated. The effectiveness of the traditional diagnosis, which is used to indicate etiology of disease, to assess the effect of the disorder on structure and function, and to classify the illness, is questioned, since it usually leads to a general prognosis based on statistical probability rather than to a unique prognosis indicating specific predictions and treatments for the individual patient. The doctor, when making this kind of diagnosis, acts as an objective observer and assesses an abstract concept, the illness rather than a person, so that the traditional diagnosis is illness-centered. By including features of the patient's personality and his relationships with others, the overall diagnosis provides a more embracing overview of the individual's physical and emotional conditions. It has greater ongoing validity in description and of usefulness for treatment by centering upon the patient as an individual whose conflicts and sufferings are felt and understood. It may require lengthy interviewing, but this may be shortened in practice by focusing upon the particular aspect of the patient's world which seems central to the pathology. This focal area is often determined spontaneously through a “flash,” the mutual intuitive recognition of an important understanding between doctor and patient, leading to further diagnostic and therapeutic work. The flash establishes a climate of high emotional charge and involves both patient and doctor intrinsically in the diagnostic process and its outcome. It is one of the means by which an interrelationship diagnosis, centered on the doctor-patient relationship, may be arrived at. Truly successful treatment in general practice, and perhaps in most branches of medicine, is probably based on some form of interrelationship diagnosis, even though this diagnosis may not have been verbalized or properly conceptualized by the doctor. Case material illustrates the effectiveness of each type of diagnosis for the physician and for his patient.

Download Full-text

Structure and function of the skin

Paediatric Dermatology ◽

10.1093/med/9780198821304.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-14

Keyword(s):

Barrier Function ◽

Individual Cell ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Cell Types ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Dermoepidermal Junction ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function

The structure and function of the skin details the individual components of the epidermis, dermis, and their roles in normal skin health. The individual cell types in the epidermis, the different epidermal layers, and the roles of the keratinocyte are explained. The epidermis and dermis, and their important relation to each other through the dermoepidermal junction are described. The dermal adnexal structures of hair follicles (pilosebaceous units), sweat glands, and nerves are all considered. The functions of skin and barrier function are also listed. Rare but important causes of disordered sweating (hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis) are described. In addition, presentations of hyperhidrosis are discussed.

Download Full-text

Establish the Individual Learning Space and Create the Wisdom Learning Environment

Science Insights Education Frontiers ◽

10.15354/sief.21.s1.ab012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (S1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Hong Chen

Keyword(s):

Learning Styles ◽

Intellectual Development ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Learning Context ◽

Dynamic Learning ◽

Learning Space ◽

Personal Learning ◽

Students First ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function

Students’ first-hand experience in intelligent learning, such as discovery, conception, selection, induction, evaluation, etc., is the prerequisite for students to achieve intellectual development. Due to the differences in learners’ cognitive basis and learning styles, students’ learning processes are inevitably personalized and dynamic. Building a personal learning space and establish an intelligent learning context for students is the key to ensuring students go through the learning process smoothly. The personal learning space meets the requirements for dynamic learning paths, resourceful teaching supplies, intelligent learning management, and other intelligent conditions. This article analyzed the structure and function of personal learning space to explore’ intelligent learning further.

Download Full-text

Cytokines and other mediators

Oxford Textbook of Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

10.1093/med/9780198831433.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 95-106

Author(s):

Marina Frleta-Gilchrist ◽

Iain B. McInnes

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Immune Dysregulation ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Holistic Understanding ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function

Cytokine-mediated pathways are pivotal to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since their discovery, cytokine biology has changed the way we understand pathogenetic inflammatory processes, leading to the creation of novel biologic treatments, and transforming patient outcomes. This chapter will elucidate the structure and function of key cytokines that drive autoimmune, inflammatory processes in different stages of RA. In particular, we will describe individual and combinatorial roles of cytokines in adaptive and innate immune cells that promote disease. We will focus especially on critical regulators of RA pathogenesis, such as TNFα‎ and IL-6. Pleotropic effects of cytokines stretch far beyond immune dysregulation, thus precipitating multiple RA comorbidities. Deciphering the individual and combinatorial roles of cytokines is essential to a holistic understanding of RA pathogenesis, in turn, promising to lead to further meaningful clinical and therapeutic discovery.

Download Full-text

Clinical Biomechanics: Contributions to the Medical Treatment of Physical Abnormalities

Kinesiology Review ◽

10.1123/krj.1.1.17 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph Hamill ◽

George Gorton ◽

Peter Masso

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Diverse Field ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function

Biomechanics is defined as the application of the laws of mechanics to the study or structure and function of movement. It is a relatively new subdiscipline to the domain of kinesiology. Biomechanics was initially closely associated with the study of sports technique. However, over the years, biomechanics has taken on a much more diverse field of study. In this paper, we will describe the contributions that biomechanics has made to the area of clinical biomechanics research in terms of clinical assessment and outcomes and the design of clinical apparatus. The first example examines a clinical assessment of a cerebral palsy child. The goals of such a clinical assessment are 1) to determine the primary problems with the locomotion capabilities of the individual, 2) to recommend treatment options, and 3) to evaluate treatment outcomes. In the second example, a procedure is described for designing braces for scoliosis patients. For this example, a three-dimensional digital twin is developed using a scanning technique. This example illustrates the research conducted on developing a technique to noninvasively and safely determine the torso deformities resulting from scoliosis. While these examples are but two of a wide variety of examples that could be used, they illustrate the contribution of biomechanics to the clinical world.

Download Full-text

Simulation study of the vegetation structure and function in eastern Siberian larch forests using the individual-based vegetation model SEIB-DGVM

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 259 (3) ◽

pp. 301-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hisashi Sato ◽

Hideki Kobayashi ◽

Nicolas Delbart

Keyword(s):

Simulation Study ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Siberian Larch ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Vegetation Model ◽

Larch Forests ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

XVIII. Observations on the Germination of the Filices

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800024315 ◽

1826 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 263-270

Author(s):

John Macvicar

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Artificial System ◽

The Individual ◽

And Function ◽

Insight Into

Since the perfecting of a Natural Arrangement has become the grand object of scientific pursuit, it has been found necessary to enter more minutely than was required by an artificial system, into modifications of structure and function. Botanists have no longer rested satisfied with observing plants in their fully developed forms, but have also had recourse to several other periods in the existence of vegetable life, the observance of which gives much insight into the organisation of the individual. Of these there is none more important than germination, which is often the only means afforded for ascertaining the structure of the seed. This is the case with all the cryptogamic tribes, the seeds of which are generally so minute, that many of them must be brought together before they be distinctly visible.

Download Full-text