scholarly journals The use of dried blood spots for the serological evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Quan Toh ◽  
Rachel A Higgins ◽  
Jeremy Anderson ◽  
Nadia Mazarakis ◽  
Lien Anh Ha Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Hard To Reach Populations ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Serum Igg Levels

Abstract Background To determine if dried blood spot specimens (DBS) can reliably detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies, we compared the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in paired serum and eluates from DBS specimens. Methods A total of 95 paired DBS and serum samples were collected from 74 participants (aged 1–63 years) as part of a household cohort study in Melbourne, Australia. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S1 proteins between serum and eluates from DBS specimens were compared using an FDA-approved ELISA method. Results Among the 74 participants, 42% (31/74) were children and the rest were adults. A total of 16 children and 13 adults were SARS-CoV-2 positive by polymerase chain reaction. The IgG seropositivity rate was similar between serum and DBS specimens (18.9% (18/95) versus 16.8% (16/95)), respectively. Similar RBD and S1-specific IgG levels were detected between serum and DBS specimens. Serum IgG levels strongly correlated with DBS IgG levels (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) for both SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Furthermore, antibodies remained stable in DBS specimens for >3 months. Conclusions DBS specimens can be reliably used as an alternative to serum samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurement. The use of DBS specimens would facilitate serosurveillance efforts particularly in hard-to-reach populations and inform public health responses including COVID-19 vaccination strategies.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in IgG levels among COVID-19 recovered patients: A prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251159
Author(s):  
Ashraf Hassan Alzaabi ◽  
Luai A. Ahmed ◽  
Abdulla E. Rabooy ◽  
Ali Al Zaabi ◽  
Mohammed Alkaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Positive Immune Response

Objectives To quantify SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titers over time and assess the longevity of the immune response in a multi-ethnic population setting. Setting This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Abu Dhabi city, UAE, among COVID-19 confirmed patients. The virus-specific IgG were measured quantitatively in serum samples from the patients during three visits over a period of 6 months. Serum IgG levels ≥15 AU/ml was used to define a positive response. Participants 113 patients were analyzed at first visit, with a mean (SD) age of participants of 45.9 (11.8) years 87.5% of the patients were men. 63 and 27 participants had data available for visits 2 and 3, respectively. Primary outcome Change in SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titers over the visits. Results No mortality or re-infection were reported. 69% of the patients developed positive IgG response within the first month after the onset of symptoms. The levels of IgG showed a consistent increase during the first three months with a peak level during the third month. Increasing trend in the levels of IgG were observed in 82.5%, 55.6% and 70.4% of patients between visit 1 to visit 2, visit 2 to visit 3, and from visit 1 to visit 3, respectively. Furthermore, about 64.3% of the patients showed sustained increase in IgG response for more than 120 days. Conclusions Our study indicates a sustained and prolonged positive immune response in COVID-19 recovered patients. The consistent rise in antibody and positive levels of IgG titers within the first 5 months suggest that immunization is possible, and the chances of reinfection minimal.

scholarly journals Regional Difference in Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo: Results from the community point-of-care antibody testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morihito Takita ◽  
Tomoko Matsumura ◽  
Kana Yamamoto ◽  
Erika Yamashita ◽  
Kazutaka Hosoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Difference ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractThe serosurvey is an alternative way to know the magnitude of the population infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the expansion of capacity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was delayed. We herein report seroprevalence of COVID-19 accessed in the two community clinics in Tokyo. The point-of-care immunodiagnostic test was implemented to detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody in the peripheral capillary blood. The overall positive percentage of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody is 3.83% (95% confidence interval: 2.76-5.16) for the entire cohort (n =1,071). The central Tokyo of 23 special wards exhibited a significantly higher prevalence compared to the other area of Tokyo (p =0.02, 4.68% [95%CI: 3.08-6.79] versus 1.83 [0.68-3.95] in central and suburban Tokyo, respectively). The seroprevalence of the cohort surveyed in this study is low for herd immunity, which suggests the need for robust disease control and prevention. A community-based approach, rather than state or prefectural levels, is of importance to figure out profiles of the SARS-COV-2 outbreak.

scholarly journals Long-term Specific IgG Response to SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein in Recovered COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jira Chansaenroj ◽  
Ritthideach Yorsaeng ◽  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
Jiratchaya Puenpa ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract This study monitored the long-term immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection in patients who had recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (anti-N IgG) titer in serum samples collected at a single (N=302) or multiple time points (N=229) 3–12 months after COVID-19 symptom onset or SARS-CoV-2 detection in respiratory specimens was measured by semiquantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The 531 patients (966 specimens) were classified according to the presence or absence of pneumonia symptoms. Anti‑N IgG was detected in 87.5% of patients (328/375) at 3 months, 38.6% (93/241) at 6 months, 23.7% (49/207) at 9 months, and 26.6% (38/143) at 12 months. The anti-N IgG seropositivity rate was significantly lower at 6, 9, and 12 months than at 3 months (P<0.01) and was higher in the pneumonia group than in the non-pneumonia/asymptomatic group at 6 months (P<0.01), 9 months (P=0.04), and 12 months (P=0.04). The rate started to decline 6–12 months after symptom onset. Anti-N IgG sample/cutoff index was positively correlated with age (r=0.192, P<0.01) but negatively correlated with interval between symptom onset and blood sampling (r=−0.567, P<0.01). These findings can guide vaccine strategies in recovered COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Long-term specific IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in recovered COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jira Chansaenroj ◽  
Ritthideach Yorsaeng ◽  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
Jiratchaya Puenpa ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

AbstractThis study monitored the long-term immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection in patients who had recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (anti-N IgG) titer in serum samples collected at a single (N = 302) or multiple time points (N = 229) 3–12 months after COVID-19 symptom onset or SARS-CoV-2 detection in respiratory specimens was measured by semiquantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The 531 patients (966 specimens) were classified according to the presence or absence of pneumonia symptoms. Anti N IgG was detected in 87.5% of patients (328/375) at 3 months, 38.6% (93/241) at 6 months, 23.7% (49/207) at 9 months, and 26.6% (38/143) at 12 months. The anti-N IgG seropositivity rate was significantly lower at 6, 9, and 12 months than at 3 months (P < 0.01) and was higher in the pneumonia group than in the non-pneumonia/asymptomatic group at 6 months (P < 0.01), 9 months (P = 0.04), and 12 months (P = 0.04). The rate started to decline 6–12 months after symptom onset. Anti-N IgG sample/cutoff index was positively correlated with age (r = 0.192, P < 0.01) but negatively correlated with interval between symptom onset and blood sampling (r =  − 0.567, P < 0.01). These findings can guide vaccine strategies in recovered COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals A comparison of non-magnetic and magnetic beads for measuring IgG antibodies against Plasmodium vivax antigens in a multiplexed bead-based assay using Luminex technology (Bio-Plex 200 or MAGPIX)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0238010
Author(s):  
Ramin Mazhari ◽  
Jessica Brewster ◽  
Rich Fong ◽  
Caitlin Bourke ◽  
Zoe S. J. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Luminex Technology ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Comparability Of Results

Multiplexed bead-based assays that use Luminex® xMAP® technology have become popular for measuring antibodies against proteins of interest in many fields, including malaria and more recently SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. There are currently two formats that are widely used: non-magnetic beads or magnetic beads. Data are lacking regarding the comparability of results obtained using these two types of beads, and for assays run on different instruments. Whilst non-magnetic beads can only be run on flow-based instruments (such as the Luminex® 100/200™ or Bio-Plex® 200), magnetic beads can be run on both these and the newer MAGPIX® instruments. In this study we utilized a panel of purified recombinant Plasmodium vivax proteins and samples from malaria-endemic areas to measure P. vivax-specific IgG responses using different combinations of beads and instruments. We directly compared: i) non-magnetic versus magnetic beads run on a Bio-Plex® 200, ii) magnetic beads run on the Bio-Plex® 200 versus MAGPIX® and iii) non-magnetic beads run on a Bio-Plex® 200 versus magnetic beads run on the MAGPIX®. We also performed an external comparison of our optimized assay. We observed that IgG antibody responses, measured against our panel of P. vivax proteins, were moderately-strongly correlated in all three of our comparisons (pearson r>0.5 for 18/19 proteins), however higher amounts of protein were required for coupling to magnetic beads. Our external comparison indicated that results generated in different laboratories using the same coupled beads are also highly comparable (pearson r>0.7), particularly if a reference standard curve is used.

Serosurveillance study on transmission of H5N1 virus during a 2006 avian influenza epidemic

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CEYHAN ◽  
I. YILDIRIM ◽  
O. FERRARIS ◽  
M. BOUSCAMBERT-DUCHAMP ◽  
E. FROBERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Human Infections

SUMMARYIn 2006 an outbreak of avian influenza A(H5N1) in Turkey caused 12 human infections, including four deaths. We conducted a serological survey to determine the extent of subclinical infection caused by the outbreak. Single serum samples were collected from five individuals with avian influenza whose nasopharyngeal swabs tested positive for H5 RNA by polymerase chain reaction, 28 family contacts of the cases, 95 poultry cullers, 75 individuals known to have had contact with diseased chickens and 81 individuals living in the region with no known contact with infected chickens and/or patients. Paired serum samples were collected from 97 healthcare workers. All sera were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay, haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. Only one serum sample, from a parent of an avian influenza patient, tested positive for H5N1 by microneutralization assay. This survey shows that there was minimal subclinical H5N1 infection among contacts of human cases and infected poultry in Turkey in 2006. Further, the low rate of subclinical infection following contact with diseased poultry gave further support to the reported low infectivity of the virus.

scholarly journals IgG antibody response against Nucleocapsid and Spike protein post SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Ram Choudhary ◽  
Debaprasad Parai ◽  
Girish Chandra Dash ◽  
Annalisha Peter ◽  
Subrat Kumar Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spike Protein ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Qualitative Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Abbott Architect

Abstract Objectives: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic became the greatest public health challenge globally. Study of dynamicity and durability of naturally developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are of great importance from an epidemiological viewpoint.Methods: In this observational cohort study, we have followed up the 76 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for 16 weeks (post enrollment) to record the periodic changes in titre, concentration, clinical growth and persistence of naturally developed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We collected serum samples from these individuals for 16 weeks with a frequency of weekly and fortnightly during each follow-up and tested them in two CLIA-based platforms (Abbott Architect i1000SR and Roche Cobas e411) for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively.Results: We recorded the antibody magnitude of these individuals 10 times between September 2020 and February 2021. We found a waning of antibodies against nucleocapsid antigen protein but not a complete disappearance by the end of 16 weeks. Out of 76 cases, 30 cases (39.47%) became seronegative in qualitative assay, although all the sera samples (100%) remained positive when tested in quantitative assay.Conclusion: The lower persistence of anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibody may not be the exact phenomenon as those cases were still seropositive against spike protein and help in neutralizing the virus.

scholarly journals Serological detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG using a commercially available enzyme immunoassays on dried blood spots collected from patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J Walker ◽  
Rebecca Davis ◽  
Zin Naing ◽  
Brad McEntee ◽  
Yonghui Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Heel Prick

Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies provides important research and diagnostic information relating to COVID-19 immune response and surveillance. A major challenge when addressing protection post- infection or vaccination is the difficulty of specimen collection from infants and children. Dried blood spots (DBS) collected by finger prick or heel prick are a minimally invasive sample collection alternative previously used to detect antibodies to other viruses. In this study we evaluated DBS for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on three commercially available enzyme (EIA) and chemiluminescent (CLIA) immunoassays by analysing paired DBS and serum samples collected from 54 subjects. We demonstrate that testing of DBS samples was highly sensitive and specific, and quantitative results strongly correlated with those of paired serum. These results suggest that DBS derived blood is a viable alternative to plasma or serum for use in EIAs and CLIAs, and has particular utility as a minimally invasive collection tool for COVID-19 serological testing of infants and children.

scholarly journals A survey of vaccine-induced measles IgG antibody titer and the verification of changes in temporal differences of measles vaccination in young adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiraku Sasaki ◽  
Tomoko Fukunaga ◽  
Ai Asano ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
Yuko Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Specific Igg

AbstractIn Japan, sporadic measles cases increased rapidly in 2019 compared to that in past 6 years. To clarify the persistence of immunity against measles in young adult, this study explored the prevalence of IgG antibody titer against measles virus in 18-to 24-year-old young adult participants. Measles-specific IgG antibody titers determined by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples collected from 506 participants between 18 to 24 years were assessed through statistical analyses. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the distribution of measles IgG antibody titers was significantly correlated with medical history (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference among the number of vaccinations related to measles IgG titers. Further, measles IgG titers were significantly different, which was determined by the temporal change that elapsed period after last vaccination (P < 0.05). These results indicate that periodic vaccination against measles is required for young and older adults to prevent even sporadic measles infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence factor dispersin among USA travellers to Cuernavaca, Mexico: a pilot study

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Huang ◽  
Eric L. Brown ◽  
Herbert L. DuPont ◽  
Jing Cerf ◽  
Lily Carlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired Serum

This pilot study examined the change in the seroprevalence of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) virulence factor dispersin in USA students during a short stay in Cuernavaca, Mexico, between June and August 2004. One hundred and ninety-five students provided paired serum samples – one on arrival to Mexico (pre-serum) and a second on departure from Mexico (post-serum) after a mean stay of 19 days. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibody to a recombinant purified dispersin protein by ELISA. For all travellers, with and without diarrhoea, the mean±sd pre-serum absorbance value (read at 450 and 570 nm) was 0.340±0.212 and the mean post-serum value was 0.513±0.316 (P<0.00001). Both travellers who developed diarrhoea and those who did not develop diarrhoea had an increase in IgG antibody to dispersin from the time of arrival to the time of departure from Cuernavaca (diarrhoea group 0.323±0.197 to 0.501±0.311, P<0.00001, and the asymptomatic group 0.354±0.224 to 0.525±0.321, P<0.00001). The pre-serum absorbance value (read at 450 and 570 nm) for IgG antibody to dispersin was not associated with protection against the development of diarrhoeal illness. These results indicate that USA travellers to Mexico show seroconversion for the EAEC virulence factor dispersin. Further studies are needed to characterize in more detail the host clinical and immunological responses to the dispersin protein.

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