scholarly journals Correlation of psychopathology and white matter abnormalities in fathers of children with ADHD: Cross sectional study

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Effat ◽  
H Elshahawy ◽  
H M Sakr ◽  
E M Shorub ◽  
S E Azab
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Inattentive Type

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADM)) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of childhood. Children with ADHD may experience significant adaptation problems because their functional level and behavior may not correspond to their chronological age or expected development level. ADHD is a chronic disease, the symptoms of which can persist into adulthood and become lifelong. Aim of the work evaluating the biological substrate in fathers of children with ADHD, assessing rate of occurrence of ADHD among fathers of children with ADHD. Subjects and Methods This descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 children with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) according to the DSNI-IV criteria who attended to the Child and Adolescent Outpatient clinics of the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospital. Results Prevalence rate of diagnosis of adult ADHD among fathers of children with ADHD (6 to 12) years old was 60%, 20% with mixed hyperactive—inattentive type, 15%.predominantly hyperactive—impulsive type and 25% predominantly inattentive type. There were statistically significant differences between ADHD group of children’s fathers in comparison to Non-ADHD group, as the mean ADC of right and left middle cerebellar peduncle, was lower in ADHD group which indicates absence of abnormalities in white matter integrity in those areas. Conclusion prevalence rate of adult ADHD among fathers was 60%. There were no abnormalities in white matter integrity in group of fathers with diagnosis of adult ADHD.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in China: a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042196
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Yiting Ji ◽  
Shizhong Cai ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess comorbidity patterns and functional impairment in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).DesignHospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study; data collection occurred between 2016 and 2019.Settings and patientsA total of 8256 children and adolescents, 6–17 years of age, with suspected ADHD agreed to participate in this hospital-based cross-sectional study over a 4-year period in China. Comorbidities and social functions were assessed according to the scales Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form, which were completed by the parents of the study participants.ResultsOf the 8256 children, 5640 were diagnosed with ADHD. Other 2616 children who did not meet the ADHD diagnostic criteria were classified as the N-ADHD group . The proportion of comorbidities (47.4%) and functional impairments (84.5%) in the ADHD group were higher than the N-ADHD group (p≤0.001). The functional impairment scores in all of the six domains, including family, academic, life skills, self-concept, social activities and risky activities, were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the N-ADHD group (p≤0.001). The functional impairment in ADHD group with comorbidities was more severe than those without comorbidities (p≤0.001). Comorbidities and core symptoms both can affect the functions of children with ADHD. Logistics regression analysis indicated that in all of the six functional domains, the effect of comorbidities on functional impairment exceeded the effects of ADHD core symptoms.ConclusionsComorbidities had the greatest influence on different areas of adaptive functioning in children with ADHD. Clinical management of children suspected to have ADHD should address multiple comorbidities and functional impairments assessment, as well as core symptom analysis.

scholarly journals White matter integrity and cognition in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e003976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Auning ◽  
Veslemøy Krohn Kjærvik ◽  
Per Selnes ◽  
Dag Aarsland ◽  
Astrid Haram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Enhancing family nursing practice in schools: School nurses’ perspectives on illness beliefs and family nursing practice skills when caring for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or asthma – A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 205715852110096
Author(s):  
Erla Kolbrun Svavarsdottir ◽  
Gudny Bergthora Tryggvadottir ◽  
Margret Gisladottir ◽  
Ragnheidur Osk Erlendsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Illness Beliefs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family Nursing ◽  
Practice Skills

An increasing number of children attend schools with chronic illnesses/disorders that require managing and comprehensive healthcare from school nurses during the day. Collaboration between school nurses, the school-aged child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or asthma, and their families is needed when coordinating/managing chronic health problems in the school setting. However, involving families in the assessment and care planning processes can be challenging. The aim of this study was to survey the illness beliefs of school nurses and their perceptions of their family nursing practice skills when offering healthcare services to children with ADHD or asthma in schools. A cross-sectional study was used for a sample of 82 school nurses. The manuscript was prepared following STROBE guidelines. Results indicated that the school nurses perceived themselves to be more confident and to have better knowledge and skill in family nursing practice when offering healthcare services to families of children with ADHD in comparison to asthma.

scholarly journals The relationship between ambulatory blood pressure variability and enlarged perivascular spaces: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e015719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuna Yang ◽  
Wei Qin ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Huimin Fan ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesRecent studies reported that 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability (ABPV) was associated with lacunar infarction and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, the relationship between ABPV and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) has not been investigated. Thus, our study aimed to investigate whether ABPV is associated with EPVS by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).DesignWe conducted this study as a cross-sectional study.SettingsThe study was based on patients who presented for physical examinations in our hospital from May 2013 to June 2016.ParticipantsPatients with both brain MRI scans and 24-hour ABPM were included and patients with acute stroke, a history of severe stroke and some other severe diseases were excluded. A total of 573 Chinese patients were prospectively enrolled in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEPVS in basal ganglia (BG) and white matter (WM) were identified on MRI and classified into three categories by the severity. WMH were scored by the Fazekas scale. Coefficient of variation (CV) and SD were considered as metrics of ABPV. Spearman correlation analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between ABPV and EPVS.ResultsThere were statistical differences among the subgroups stratified by the severity of EPVS in BG in the following ABPV metrics: SD and CV of systolic blood pressure (SBP), CV of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 24 hours, daytime and nighttime and SD of DBP in nighttime. The above ABPV metrics were positively associated with the degree of EPVS. The association was unchanged after adjusting for confounders. Spearman correlation analysis showed ABPV was not related to the degree of EPVS in the WM.ConclusionABPV was independently associated with EPVS in BG after controlling for blood pressure, but not in the WM. Pathogenesis of EPVS in BG and WM might be different.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in Patients Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Antioquia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Sierra Montoya ◽  
Sandra Catalina Mesa Restrepo ◽  
Jorge Mauricio Cuartas Arias ◽  
William Cornejo Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Issue

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral issue for children. One of the sleeping disorders most frequently related to ADHD is the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, something that is generally associated with paresthesias and motor restlessness. The prevalence rate of RLS in children diagnosed with ADHD is close to 18%, but in Colombia, these cases have been hardly studied. Objective: To determine the frequency of RLS, in children with ADHD. Methods: A cross-sectional study, filled out by parents of children diagnosed with ADHD, were analyzed. This questionnaire contained clinical criteria for classifying ADHD according to the DSM-IV, as well as diagnostic criteria for RLS by the National Institutes of Health (2003). Results: A predominance rate of 65.6% in combined ADHD was observed in children with RLS criteria. Upon carrying out an exploratory data analysis, it was found that having a family history of RLS and belonging to the middle or low socioeconomic strata are conditions associated with the presence of RLS in children with ADHD, with a significant p (p < 0.000) and a PR of 4.47 (3.16-6.32). Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS was similar to the findings of other clinical investigations. However, it highlights new prevalence values in relation to the comorbidity between ADHD and RLS, suggesting the need for new clinical and therapeutic alternatives amidst the presence of both syndromes.

scholarly journals Use of methylphenidate by university students in the health area

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e45310817540
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Zuca Pedreira de Freitas ◽  
Saiane Menezes Moreira ◽  
Lisandra Maria Lago ◽  
Laís Nery Pinheiro ◽  
Danielle Stefane Pinto da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Students ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Health Area ◽  
Intellectual Capacity

Methylphenidate is the drug most frequently used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, due to its psychostimulant properties, this substance has been used to stimulate productivity and increase intellectual capacity in several areas of study. In this work, the characteristics of the use of methylphenidate among pharmacy, nursing, and medical students of a university in the capital of Bahia were analyzed. In this cross-sectional study, 338 students from different semesters of the aforementioned courses were interviewed. The instrument used for data collection was a standardized self-completed questionnaire applied by the researchers. Altogether, 76% of respondents were female and the average age was 22 years old. The frequency of students who used or who had already used methylphenidate at some point in their academic life was higher among medical students (12%). The main justification for the use of this substance was the higher concentration to study (59%). Also, 92% of respondents claimed to use Methylphenidate without medical supervision and 80% indicated the time of the tests as the time of greatest use of this drug. These results show high non-prescribed use of methylphenidate among health care students.

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