Effect of tele-stroke application on length of stay and outcome of stroke unit inpatients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa Mohamed El-khayat ◽  
Tamer Hussein Emara ◽  
Tamer Mahmoud Roushdy ◽  
khaled Fayez Elmancy
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background Despite advances in acute stroke treatment, stroke remains the second most common cause of death and the leading cause for long-term adult disability worldwide Telemedicine, a method of healthcare delivery and support using telecommunication technologies, is becoming increasingly popular across a wide range of health conditions. Tele stroke has grown significantly in the past decade and has entered mainstream care for patients with acute stroke. It enables such patients to be remotely evaluated, thereby allowing optimal treatment and management even in clinically underserved areas and removing geographical disparities in access to expert care. Objective Study the effectiveness of Tele-stroke regarding length of stay& stroke outcomes &occurrence of medical comorbidities in admitted patients by comparing these measures before and after tele stroke application in ain shams university specialized hospital(ASUSH) Methods Comparative observational study. we stratified patients into two groups: “Group 1”: patients admitted 3 months before application of tele stroke “Group 2”: patients admitted 3 months after application of tele stroke We compared between two groups regarding sociodemographic data , length of stay and NIH scoring on admission & discharge before and after implementation of tele stroke system Results regarding length of stay, it was ranged from 1 to 19 days with mean (4.3 ± 3.3) in group (I) comparing to range 1 to 12 with mean (3.5 ± 1.9) days in group (II) with significant decrease (p = 0.033*). By analysis of results by means for difference between NIH on admission and in discharge , the means difference in group I was 2.8±1.9 vs. 3.5±2.3 in group II with significant difference (p-value =0.29*) CONCLUSION Our study concluded that application of tele stroke had significant improvement in stroke unit care as regard length of stay, rapid improvement of patients according to NIH scoring and mRS

scholarly journals Results of modern tuboperitoneal infertility treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drenka Turjacanin-Pantelic ◽  
Dragana Bojovic-Jovic ◽  
Biljana Arsic ◽  
Eliana Garalejic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background/Aim. A modern approach to surgical treatment of tuboperitoneal infertility is based on laporascopic techniques. The aim of this study was to compare results of tuboperitoneal infertility treatment by the use of laparoscopy and classical laparotomy. Methods. A retrospectiveprospective study on 66 women treated operatively form tuboperitoneal infertility was performed. Data from patient's anamnesis and those related to the surgical treatment results, obtained by the use of an inquiry, were used in retrospective and prospective analysis, respectively. Chi-square test was used in statistical analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Classical laparotomy was used on 34 women in a period from 1996 to 1997, while 32 women were operated laparoscopically in a period from 1999 to 2000. The results were as follows: a total number of conceived women was 16 (24%), seven in the group I (20.6%) and nine in the group II (28.1%); 13 women were with one pregnancy, six in the group I (17.6%) and seven in the group II (22%). Twice pregnant were three women, one in the group I (2.9%) and two in the group II (6.2%). The resulting pregnancies were: five women with abortion spontaneous, two in the group I (5.9%) and three in the group II (9.4%); two women with extrauterine pregnancy in the group I (5.9%); three with pretemporal birth, one in the group I (2.9%) and two in the group II (6.2%), while six women were with the temporal birth, two in the group I (5.9%) and four in the group II (12.5%). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the results between these two groups. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of tubeperitoneal infertility, regardless of the used methods (classical laparotomy or laparoscopy) was successful in a great number of women. These methods have a great advantage over in vitro fertilization, and they should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Binocular responses and vertical strabismus

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Risovic ◽  
Lidija Petrovic ◽  
Natalija Kosanovic-Jakovic ◽  
Katarina Misailovic ◽  
Branislav Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Inferior Oblique Muscle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sensory Tests ◽  
Dissociated Vertical Deviation

Background/Aim. Elevation in adduction is the most common pattern of vertical strabismus, and it is mostly treated with surgery. The results of weaking of inferior oblique muscle are very changeable. The aim of this study was to evaluate binocular vision using sensory tests before and one and six months after the surgery. Methods. A total of 79 children were divided in two groups: the first, with inferior oblique muscle of overaction (n = 52), and the second with dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and primary inferior oblique muscle overaction (n = 27). We tested them by polaroid mirror test (PMT), Worth test at distance and near, fusion amplitudes on sinoptofore, Lang I stereo test and Wirt-Titmus stereo test. We examined our patients before and two times after the surgery for vertical strabismus. Results. Foveal suppression in the group I was found in 60.5% of the patients before, and in 56.4% after the surgery. In group II Foveal suppression was detected in 64.7% of the patients before, but in 55.6% 6 months after the surgery with PMT. Worth test revealed suppression in 23.5% of the patients before, and in 40.7% after the vertical muscle surgery. Parafoveal fussion persisted in about 1/3 of the patients before the surgery, and their amplitudes were a little larger after the surgery in the group I patients. Lang I stereo test was negative in 53.9% before and 51.9% after the surgery in the group I, and in 48.2% of the patients before and after the surgery in the group II patients. Wirt-Titmus stereo test was negative in 74.5% of the patients before and in 72.9% after the surgery in the group I, but in the group II it was negative in 70.8% before and in 68.0% of the patients 6 months after the surgery. Conclusion. Binocular responses were found after surgery in 65.7% of the patients the group I and in 55.6% patients the group II. There was no significant difference between these two groups, but binocular responses were more often in the patients of the group I.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF DEEP NECK FLEXOR STRENGTHENING EXERICISE WITH MCKENZIE NECK EXERCISE FOR NECK POSTURE CORRECTION ON STUDENTS WITH FORWARD HEAD POSTURE AT SMA N 1 SEMARAPURA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gede Eka Juli Prasana ◽  
I Nyoman Adiputra ◽  
I Made Krisna Dinata
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Group I ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

This study aims to compare deep neck flexor strengthening exercise intervention with mckenzie neck exercise to correct the neck posture of student with forward head posture. Using experimental design with Pre-Test and Post-Test Group Design involves a sample of 24 people divided into 2 groups. Group I was given deep neck flexor strengthening exercise intervention and Group II was given mckenzie neck exercise intervention. Hypothesis Test using paired sample t-test obtained result p = 0.592 with average difference in Group I 7.58 ± 4.39 whereas Group II got difference mean 8.5 ± 3.84. These results showed no significant difference in craniovertebral angle elevation before and after intervention in both groups. Keywords : forward head posture, craniovertebrae angle, deep neck flexor strengthening exercise, mckenzie neckexercise,

scholarly journals Different Bleeding Patterns with the Use of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System: Are They Associated with Changes in Uterine Artery Blood Flow?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Bastianelli ◽  
Manuela Farris ◽  
Stefania Rapiti ◽  
Roberta Bruno Vecchio ◽  
Giuseppe Benagiano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. Evaluate if different bleeding patterns associated with the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) are associated with different uterine and endometrial vascularization patterns, as evidenced by ultrasound power Doppler analysis.Methodology. A longitudinal study, with each subject acting as its own control was conducted between January 2010 and December 2012. Healthy volunteers with a history of heavy but cyclic and regular menstrual cycles were enrolled in the study. Ultrasonographic examination was performed before and after six months of LNG-IUS placement: uterine volume, endometrial thickness, and subendometrial and myometrial Doppler blood flow patterns have been evaluated.Results. A total of 32 women were enrolled out of 186 initially screened. At six months of follow-up, all subjects showed a reduction in menstrual blood loss; for analysis, they were retrospectively divided into 3 groups: normal cycling women (Group I), amenorrheic women (Group II), and women with prolonged bleedings (Group III). Intergroup analysis documented a statistically significant difference in endometrial thickness among the three groups; in addition, mean pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in the spiral arteries were significantly lower in Group I and Group III compared to Group II. This difference persisted also when comparing—within subjects of Group III—mean PI and RI mean values before and after insertion.Conclusions. The LNG-IUS not only altered endometrial thickness, but—in women with prolonged bleedings—also significantly changed uterine artery blood flow. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and enable gynecologists to properly counsel women, improving initial continuation rates.

scholarly journals Limb Salvage in Early Versus Delayed Revascularization of Acute Lower Limb Ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2239-2241
Author(s):  
Salman Jamil Noor ◽  
Nauman Imtiaz ◽  
Wishal Shaukat ◽  
Athar Abbas Gilani ◽  
Palwasha Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limb Salvage ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Limb Salvage Rate ◽  
Lower Limb Ischemia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Salvage Rate

Aim: To compare the limb salvage rate in early versus late presenting patients of Rutherford class IIB acute lower extremity ischemia undergoing revascularization. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery, CMH Peshawar from January 2019 to March 2021 Methodology: Twenty eight patients of both genders with ages 20 to 70 years presented with Rutherford class IIB acute lower limb ischemia were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (presented after 6 hours of onset of symptoms) consisted of 20 patients and group II (presented within 6 hours of onset of symptoms) consisted of 8 patients. All the patients underwent femoral embolectomy. Limb salvage rate between both groups was examined at postoperative 3rd month. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: There were 16(80%) male and 4(20%) females with mean age 50.52±11.74 years in group I, in group II 6(75%) were male and 2(25%) were females with mean age 50.08±10.94 years. No significant difference was observed between both groups regarding age and gender with p-value >0.05. In group I, limb salvage found in 19(95%) patients while in group II limb salvage found in 5(62.5%) patients, a significant difference was observed regarding limb salvage rate between both groups (p-value <0.05). Mortality rate was high in group II (delayed presentation) as compared to group I (12.5% Vs 0%) with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The limb salvage rate was high in early presenting patients than late presenting patients with a significant difference. 30 days mortality rate and amputation rate were significantly high in delayed presentation as compared to early presented cases. Keywords: Acute lower limb ischemia, revascularization, limb salvage

scholarly journals Sildenafil Citrate Versus Nifedipine and Dydrogesreone in Prevention of Preterm Labor with Short Cervix

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Abd El-Naser Abd El-Gaber Ali ◽  
Khaled M Abdallah ◽  
Ahmed Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Cervix ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Prevention of the premature birth occurrence remains is considered one of the most tough challenges for obstetricians worldwide, mainly to avoid neonatal prematurity complications leading to short and long term morbidities additionally prematurity prevention will reduce premature neonatal mortality rates which is considered a major health concern of obstetricians, neonatologists and families. Objective: To compare and contrast the efficacy of Sildenafil citrate, Nifedipine and Dydrogesrone in prevention of premature labor in gestations with short cervix. Setting: Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments, Faculties of medicine, south Valley and Al-Azhar (Asyut) Universities, Egypt. Duration: from September 2014 to March 2018. Patients And Methds: the study was conducted on 300 pregnant women who randomly divided into three groups: Group I included 100 cases received Sildenafil citrate (Respatio tablet 20mg twice daily orally), Group II included 100 cases received Nifedipine (Epilat retard tablets 20mg twice daily orally) and Group III included 100 pregnant women received dydrogesreone 10 mg (Duphaston) twice daily orally. Results: incidence of preterm labor was (9.37, 8.51 and 14.28) in (Group I, Group II and Group II) respectively. Mean ± SD of cervical length at 32 weeks of gestation was mildly statistically significant among groups (p value <0.05) but no significance in neonatal outcome (p value >0.05) except birth weight which had a highly statistically significant difference (p value < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant difference among studied groups as regard to drug side effects in (p value <0.001). Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate was as effective as Nifedipine and better than oral Dydrogesterone on myometrial relaxation and prevention of preterm birth in pregnant women who had short cervix.

scholarly journals Short and Long-Term Follow up Results of Daily 5 Mg Tadalafil as a Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Gharib ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelal ◽  
Adel Elatreisy ◽  
Elsayed Salih ◽  
Ahmed Sebaey
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Objective: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of a 5mg tadalafil daily treatment for men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) and assessment of long-term follow up by persistence of improvement 2 years after stoppage of tadalafil.Materials and Methods: The study included 160 patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction from April 2018 to June 2020. All were evaluated using the international index of erectile function questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5) to evaluate ED and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) for PE. Patients subdivided into two equal groups. I included 80 patients treated with tadalafil 5 mg daily for 3 months, and group II included 80 patients treated with a placebo for same period. After 3 months treatment and 2 years later after stoppage of tadalafil, all patients were assessed for ED and PE using the same questionnaires. Results: The mean IELT and IIEF pretreatment were 37±11.24 s and 13.2±4.2 respectively for group I, while in group II was 35.98±10.8 s and 13.12±4.11, respectively. After 3 months of treatment, the mean value of IELT in group I showed a highly significant improvement from 37±11.24 sec to 120.5±47.37 sec (p-value < 0.001), but for group II, the mean values of IELT showed no significant improvement from baseline 35.98±10.8 to endpoint 39.43±13.6 ( p-value > 0.05). As regarding the IIEF, there was a highly significant improvement from baseline 13.2±4.2 to endpoint 20.45±4.5 in group I (p-value < 0.001) while there was no significant difference in group II from baseline 13.12±4.11 to endpoint 15±4.84 (p-value > 0.05) . 2 years later after stoppage of tadalafil , 75 patients from group I complete follow up and there was significant improvement in IELT and IIEF form base line (37±11.24) (13.2±4.2) to endpoint (98±18.3) (19.1±2.3) respectively but less than the results after 3 months treatment.ConclusionDaily Tadalafil 5 mg was effective, tolerable, and safe treatment for patients suffering from ED and PE. Long-term follow up after 2 years declared persistence of significant improvement.

scholarly journals Comparison of tolterodine and Solifancine in treatment of female with overactive bladder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2138
Author(s):  
Nermeen Mohamed Hefila ◽  
Tamer Mamdouh And el dayem ◽  
Hisham Adel Elfazari
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Urinary Urgency ◽  
Urinary Frequency ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 1

Background: OAB (overactive bladder) is primarily a neuromuscular problem in which the detrusor muscle contracts inappropriately during bladder filling (i.e., storage phase). These contractions often occur regardless of the amount of urine in the bladder. The aim of this work is to study the effect of Solifenacin in comparison to Tolterodine in treatment of females with idiopathic over active bladder.Methods: This study included 50 patients who presented between March 2020 and February2021 to the outpatients clinic at El-Shatby maternity Hospital, Alexandria university. The patients were complaining of urinary urgency usually with urinary frequency, nocturia with or without urge incontinence. All cases were divided in two groups one of them receive Solifenacin5mg twice daily and the otherreceiveTolterodine2mg twice daily.Results: Both groups showed significant decrease in frequency number per day with p value <0.001ingroup I with Solifenacin which mean statistically significant difference between two groups. When the percentage of symptoms severity were compared between both groups, group 1 showed 53% reduction in symptoms severity while group II showed 6.67% reduction which cleared significant difference statistically in group I (p=0.001). The percentage of reduction of severity of symptoms was compared between the two groups, it showed about 60%reduction in symptoms severity in group 1while in group II only 9.7% reduction. This was statistically significant with (p<0.001) in group I with Solifenacin.Conclusions: This study suggests that Solifenacin10mg/day is more effective than Tolterodine4mg/day in reducing OAB incontinence episodes.

scholarly journals Hook plate with or without coracoclavicular ligament augmentation in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Ting Liu ◽  
Ten-Fang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Hook Plate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ligament Augmentation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acromioclavicular Separation ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Type V

Abstract Background Acromioclavicular (AC) separation can be treated with the use of a hook plate. Some studies have reported that coracoclavicular (CC) ligament augmentation is necessary to reduce the complications of hook plate fixation, whereas others recommend hook plate fixation alone without augmentation. The aim of this study was to compare the results and complications between these two groups. Methods This was an observational case-control study. Patients with acute (less than 2 weeks) Rockwood type V AC separation were treated with a hook plate at our hospital. A total of 105 cases received hook plate fixation with CC ligament augmentation (group I), and 112 cases received hook plate fixation without augmentation (group II). Constant-Murley scores were used to evaluate the function before and after implant removal, and radiographs were taken to evaluate the complications. The results and complications were compared between groups. Results Before removal, the Constant-Murley score was significantly higher in group I (mean, 50.1) than in group II (mean, 42.6) (p = 0.004); however, there was no significant difference between groups at 3 and 6 months after removal. The incidence of significant acromion osteolysis was higher in group II (65/112) than in group I (25/105). Before removal, the patients with significant acromion osteolysis had worse Constant-Murley scores than those of the patients without osteolysis in both groups. The incidence of peri-implant fracture of the hook plate was higher in group II (8/112) than in group I (1/105). Conclusion The patients without CC ligament augmentation had worse functional results before hook plate removal, a higher incidence of radiographic acromion osteolysis, and a higher incidence of peri-implant fractures than those patients with CC ligament augmentation. Therefore, CC ligament augmentation is highly recommended to improve short-term outcomes and decrease complications for Rockwood type V AC separation treated by hook plate.

Impact of Direct Acting Antivirals therapy on metabolic profiles and adiponectin serum level in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Lotfy Fahmy Abd Elmeged ◽  
Sameh Mohamed Fahim Ghaly ◽  
Osama Ashraf Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Samir Abohalima ◽  
Ahmed Samir Allam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background and Objectives Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major global health challenge. Chronic hepatitis C viral infection is associated with wide metabolic disarrangements. HCV interacts with lipid metabolism leading to steatosis, causing wide adipocytokines changes and impairs glucose metabolism leading to increased prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Several oral anti-HCV drugs (direct acting antivirals; DAAs) have been developed over the last several years. Now, HCV can be eliminated from the infected host within 12 weeks of DAA combination therapy. As, there is limited data on the effects of DAA therapy on metabolic profiles, lipid profile and adiponectin level. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the Impact of Direct Acting Antivirals therapy on metabolic profiles and adiponectin serum level in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Methods This study was performed on 100 patients who have chronic infection with hepatitis C, patients were divided into two groups, Group I was 50 patients were treated with (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir/Ribavirin) for 3 months. Group II was 50 patients were treated with (Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir/Ribavirin) for 3 months. With follow up changes were occurred in Fasting Lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL), metabolic profile (fasting blood sugar, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR and HBA1C) and Serum adiponectin level before and after end of treatment. Results One hundred patients met inclusion criteria were reviewed, (56%) were males in group I while (46%) were males in group I, Mean age in group I was 47.4 ± 5.3 years while in group II was 43.2 ± 6.6 years, statistical analysis of data showed significant difference in the lipid profile in group I before and after treatment .As, we found significant reduction in serum triglycerides after treatment (113.2 ± 22.9 mg/dL vs 105.6 ± 23.2 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.001) and a significant elevation of serum Total Cholesterol, LDL and HDL after treatment (TC: 153.2 ± 20.1 mg/dL vs 174.1 ± 19 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.001, LDL: 74.7 ± 9.9 mg/dL vs 93.3 ± 12 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.001, HDL: 54.6 ± 10.1 mg/dL vs 57.2 ± 10.3 mg/dL, P 0.010) But in group II there was no significant difference in the lipid profile before and after treatment, Also, We found significant reduction in fasting insulin, HOMAIR and HBA1C after treatment in group I (Fasting Insulin: 11.4 ± 3.3 (uU/L)/ml vs 9.7 ± 2.2 (uU/L)/ml, P &lt; 0.001, HOMA-IR: 2.7 ± 0.9 vs 2.2 ± 0.6, P &lt; 0.001, HBA1C: 5.6 ± 0.4 vs 5.4 ± 0.3, P 0.003) But in group II there was no significant difference in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HBA1C before and after treatment. Also, we found that there was no significant changes in the serum adiponectin level in the both group before and after treatment. Conclusion Eradication of chronic hepatitis C viral infection with DAAs may affect the lipid and the metabolic profile of patients after the end of treatment according to the type of DAAs used in the treatment and according to the stage of the liver disease of patients. But not affect the serum Adiponectin level.

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