scholarly journals The Relationship Between Childhood Stress and Distinct Stages of Dynamic Behavior Monitoring in Adults: Neural and Behavioral Correlates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Yutong Liu ◽  
Huihua Fang ◽  
Shaozheng Qin ◽  
Kohn Nils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Behavior Monitoring ◽  
Controlled Attention ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Childhood adversity is a major risk factor for emotional and cognitive disorders later in adulthood. Behavior monitoring, one of the most important components of cognitive control, plays a crucial role in flexible interaction with the environment. Here, we test a novel conceptual model discriminating between two distinct dimensions of childhood adversity (i.e., deprivation and threat) and examine their relations to dynamic stages of behavior monitoring. Sixty young healthy adults participated in this study using event-related potentials (ERPs) and the dynamic stages of behavior monitoring including response inhibition, error detection, and post-error adjustments were investigated in a classical Go/NoGo task. Multiple regression analyses revealed that participants with higher severity of childhood adversity recruited more controlled attention, as indicated by larger (more negative) conflict detection-related NoGo-N2 amplitudes and larger (more negative) error detection-related ERN amplitudes. Higher severity of childhood abuse (an indicator of threat) was related to smaller (less positive) error appraisal-related Pe amplitudes on the neural level and subsequently lower post-error accuracy on the behavioral level. These results suggested that prefrontal-supported controlled attention is influenced by universal adversity in childhood while the error-related behavioral adjustment is mainly affected by childhood abuse, indicating the dimensions of deprivation and threat are at least partially distinct.

scholarly journals Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Alexander Rokos ◽  
Richard Mah ◽  
Rober Boshra ◽  
Amabilis Harrison ◽  
Tsee Leng Choy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.

Directed and Motivated Attention during Processing of Natural Scenes

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1753-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Ferrari ◽  
Maurizio Codispoti ◽  
Rossella Cardinale ◽  
Margaret M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
New Information ◽  
Motivated Attention ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
The Relationship

Visual attention can be voluntarily oriented to detect target stimuli in order to facilitate goal-directed behaviors. Other visual stimuli capture attention because of motivational significance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between directed and motivated attention using event-related potentials. Affectively engaging pictures were presented either as target stimuli or as nontargets in a categorization task. Results indicated that both task relevance and emotional significance modulated the late positive potential (LPP) over centro-parietal sensors. Effects of directed and motivated attention on the LPP were additive, with the largest centro-parietal positivity found for emotional pictures that were targets of directed attention, and the least for neutral pictures that were nontargets. Taken together, the data provide new information regarding the relationship between motivated and directed attention, and suggest that the LPP reflects the operation of attentional neural circuits that are utilized by both top-down and bottom-up processes.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions in Healthy Young Men: Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Liu ◽  
Huini Peng ◽  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Hongxia Duan
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment present with a deficiency in emotional processing in later life. Most studies have focused mainly on childhood physical or sexual abuse; however, childhood emotional abuse, a core issue underlying different forms of childhood maltreatment, has received relatively little attention. The current study explored whether childhood emotional abuse is related to the impaired processing of emotional facial expressions in healthy young men.Methods: The emotional facial processing was investigated in a classical gender discrimination task while the event-related potentials (ERPs) data were collected. Childhood emotional abuse was assessed by a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) among 60 healthy young men. The relationship between the score of emotional abuse and the behavioral and the ERP index of emotional facial expression (angry, disgust, and happy) were explored.Results: Participants with a higher score of childhood emotional abuse responded faster on the behavioral level and had a smaller P2 amplitude on the neural level when processing disgust faces compared to neutral faces.Discussion: Individuals with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse may quickly identify negative faces with less cognitive resources consumed, suggesting altered processing of emotional facial expressions in young men with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse.

A Preliminary Study of P200 in First-episode Patients, their Relatives and Healthy Controls: Search of New Endophenotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. Silveira ◽  
F. Santos ◽  
F. Barbosa ◽  
A. Pedro ◽  
A. Palha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Objective:Despite the well established genetic basis of schizophrenia, the relationship between genes and the disorder itself is still elusive. Individual endophenotypes, which reduce the complexity of genetic analyses, allow statistical approaches with quantitative trait methodologies. P200 abnormalities of event-related potentials have been reported in schizophrenia with conflicting results. The present study aims to characterize the P200 in first-episode patients and to compare it with that of first-degree relatives and controls.Methods:ERPs were recorded at 19 sites with an auditory oddball for 21 first-episode patients with schizophrenia (mean age=25.14; SD=6.20), 41 of their first degree relatives (mean age=47.65; SD=15.53) and 19 healthy controls (mean age=26.32; SD=7.16). Potentials were averaged for frequent stimuli and P200 amplitude and latency measures were obtained.Results:Analysis of midline electrodes revealed significant group effects for P200 peak amplitudes (F(2, 78)=3.315, p=.042), but not for peak latencies. Post-hoc analyses revealed that patients with schizophrenia present significantly lower P200 amplitudes (M=2.466; SD=1.564) than controls (M=5.037; SD=2.500) at Pz (T(38)=3.851, p=.003). No other significant differences were found.Conclusion:The results obtained do not straight-forwardly support the P200 peak amplitude nor peak latency as an endophenotype of schizophrenia. However, the trends of our results may suggest that the P200 amplitudes of relatives may present intermediate values between healthy controls (with higher amplitudes) and patients (with lower amplitudes). Further statistical analyses will be required in order to disentangle the effects of possible confounding variables.

The relationship between fatigue and depression, and event-related potentials in epileptics

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhan Soyuer ◽  
Füsun Erdoğan ◽  
Vesile Şenol ◽  
Fehim Arman
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

Association Between the Visual N1-P2 Complex and Neuroticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110399
Author(s):  
Bowen Xiu ◽  
Christopher Andanty ◽  
Nasia Dai ◽  
Clement C. Zai ◽  
Ariel Graff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Impaired Attention ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
P200 Amplitude

Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with impaired attention, memory, and error detection. Thus, the present study investigated the visual N100 and P200 event-related potentials components associated with attention using a 2-back working memory task in healthy neurotic and nonneurotic participants, evaluated using the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five Factor Inventory. A total of 35 healthy participants were asked to perform the 2-back task while recording electroencephalographic activity from 64 electrodes on the scalp. Analysis of the N100 and P200 amplitude and latency in high neuroticism and low neuroticism subjects showed an increased P200 amplitude and latency for high neuroticism subjects in the frontal and parietal regions, respectively. However, there were no significant performance differences between the high and low neuroticism subjects for the 2-back working memory task. Therefore, the results suggest that neuroticism is associated with the P200 component elicited in the context of a working memory task.

scholarly journals Single-Option P300-BCI Performance Is Affected by Visual Stimulation Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7198
Author(s):  
Juan David Chailloux Peguero ◽  
Omar Mendoza-Montoya ◽  
Javier M. Antelis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

The P300 paradigm is one of the most promising techniques for its robustness and reliability in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications, but it is not exempt from shortcomings. The present work studied single-trial classification effectiveness in distinguishing between target and non-target responses considering two conditions of visual stimulation and the variation of the number of symbols presented to the user in a single-option visual frame. In addition, we also investigated the relationship between the classification results of target and non-target events when training and testing the machine-learning model with datasets containing different stimulation conditions and different number of symbols. To this end, we designed a P300 experimental protocol considering, as conditions of stimulation: the color highlighting or the superimposing of a cartoon face and from four to nine options. These experiments were carried out with 19 healthy subjects in 3 sessions. The results showed that the Event-Related Potentials (ERP) responses and the classification accuracy are stronger with cartoon faces as stimulus type and similar irrespective of the amount of options. In addition, the classification performance is reduced when using datasets with different type of stimulus, but it is similar when using datasets with different the number of symbols. These results have a special connotation for the design of systems, in which it is intended to elicit higher levels of evoked potentials and, at the same time, optimize training time.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of p200 in First-episode Patients, their Relatives and Healthy Controls: Search of New Endophenotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. Silveira ◽  
F. Santos ◽  
F. Barbosa ◽  
A. Pedro ◽  
A. Palha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Objective:Despite the well established genetic basis of schizophrenia, the relationship between genes and the disorder itself is still elusive. Individual endophenotypes, which reduce the complexity of genetic analyses, allow statistical approaches with quantitative trait methodologies. P200 abnormalities of event-related potentials have been reported in schizophrenia with conflicting results. the present study aims to characterize the P200 in first-episode patients and to compare it with that of first-degree relatives and controls.Methods:ERPs were recorded at 19 sites with an auditory oddball for 21 first-episode patients with schizophrenia (mean age=25.14; SD=6.20), 41 of their first degree relatives (mean age=47.65; SD=15.53) and 19 healthy controls (mean age=26.32; SD=7.16). Potentials were averaged for frequent stimuli and P200 amplitude and latency measures were obtained.Results:Analysis of midline electrodes revealed significant group effects for P200 peak amplitudes (F(2, 78)=3.315, p=.042), but not for peak latencies. Post-hoc analyses revealed that patients with schizophrenia present significantly lower P200 amplitudes (M=2.466; SD=1.564) than controls (M=5.037; SD=2.500) at Pz (T(38)=3.851, p=.003). No other significant differences were found.Conclusion:The results obtained do not straight-forwardly support the P200 peak amplitude nor peak latency as an endophenotype of schizophrenia. However, the trends of our results may suggest that the P200 amplitudes of relatives may present intermediate values between healthy controls (with higher amplitudes) and patients (with lower amplitudes). Further statistical analyses will be required in order to disentangle the effects of possible confounding variables.

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