scholarly journals T22. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORTICAL THICKNESS AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK OF PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S239-S240
Author(s):  
Daiki Sasabayashi ◽  
Yoichiro Takayanagi ◽  
Tsutomu Takahashi ◽  
Yuko Mizukami ◽  
Naoyuki Katagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in patients with schizophrenia have demonstrated reduced cortical thickness predominantly in the fronto-temporal regions, but several MRI studies of regional cortical thickness in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis have reported inconsistent results. In addition, it remains elusive whether abnormalities of the cortical thickness in individuals at risk of psychosis, if present, are related to their functional outcome. Methods T1-weighted structural MR scans were obtained from 107 individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS), of whom 21 (19.6%) later developed psychosis during clinical follow-up (mean = 4.9 years, SD = 2.6 years), as well as 104 age- and gender- matched healthy control subjects recruited at 4 scanning sites (University of Toyama, Toho University, Tohoku University, and The University of Tokyo). ARMS individuals were subdivided into good (ARMS-G, n = 77) and poor (ARMS-P, n = 13) outcome groups based on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores both at baseline and 1-year follow-up. After preprocessing MR images using FreeSurfer software (ver.5.3.), we continuously measured the cortical thickness of entire cortex. A general linear model controlling for age, gender, and sites was used to estimate group differences. To correct for multiple comparisons, a Monte Carlo simulation procedure was used. This study was approved by the Committees on Medical Ethics of each site. After a complete description of the study was provided, written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Results Compared with the controls, ARMS individuals exhibited significantly reduced cortical thickness in the superior and inferior frontal gyri, parahippocampal gyri, fusiform gyri, temporal pole cortices, and insula cortices bilaterally, as well as in the left middle frontal gyrus and right precuneus cortex. ARMS individuals also showed significantly increased cortical thickness in the left pre- and postcentral gyrus and right pericalcarine cortex in comparison to the controls. Within ARMS population, ARMS-P individuals had significantly reduced cortical thickness in the right paracentral lobule compared with ARMS-G individuals. Discussion Cortical thinning in the fronto-temporal regions as well as cortical thickening in the posterior cortices seen in ARMS individuals might be associated with general vulnerability to psychopathology. Furthermore, cortical thickness of the right paracentral lobule could be a predictive marker for functional outcome in ARMS population.

scholarly journals Reduced cortical thickness of the paracentral lobule in at-risk mental state individuals with poor 1-year functional outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Sasabayashi ◽  
Yoichiro Takayanagi ◽  
Tsutomu Takahashi ◽  
Shimako Nishiyama ◽  
Yuko Mizukami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
The Right ◽  
At Risk Mental State

AbstractAlthough widespread cortical thinning centered on the fronto-temporal regions in schizophrenia has been reported, the findings in at-risk mental state (ARMS) patients have been inconsistent. In addition, it remains unclear whether abnormalities of cortical thickness (CT) in ARMS individuals, if present, are related to their functional decline irrespective of future psychosis onset. In this multicenter study in Japan, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline in 107 individuals with ARMS, who were subdivided into resilient (77, good functional outcome) and non-resilient (13, poor functional outcome) groups based on the change in Global Assessment of Functioning scores during 1-year follow-up, and 104 age- and sex-matched healthy controls recruited at four scanning sites. We measured the CT of the entire cortex and performed group comparisons using FreeSurfer software. The relationship between the CT and cognitive functioning was examined in an ARMS subsample (n = 70). ARMS individuals as a whole relative to healthy controls exhibited a significantly reduced CT, predominantly in the fronto-temporal regions, which was partly associated with cognitive impairments, and an increased CT in the left parietal and right occipital regions. Compared with resilient ARMS individuals, non-resilient ARMS individuals exhibited a significantly reduced CT of the right paracentral lobule. These findings suggest that ARMS individuals partly share CT abnormalities with patients with overt schizophrenia, potentially representing general vulnerability to psychopathology, and also support the role of cortical thinning in the paracentral lobule as a predictive biomarker for short-term functional decline in the ARMS population.

Foot Macrodactyly Associated with Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Maurizio De Pellegrin ◽  
Désirée Moharamzadeh ◽  
Giacomo Placella ◽  
Vincenzo Salini
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Length Difference ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital malformation which may be associated with macrodactyly. The main problem is the need for custom-made shoes. We describe the case of a female newborn affected by Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, with a larger and longer right foot; the difference increased progressively and, at 5 years of age, the right foot was 50% larger and 38% longer than the left one. Due to the progression of the deformity, reduction surgery was advised to reduce the foot’s width. Resection of the second ray and 2nd cuneiform was performed. The result was excellent and there were no complications during a 10-year follow-up period with a decrease of width and length difference to 10% and 4%, respectively, in comparison to the contralateral foot. There were no gait anomalies. Abnormal foot width and length represented the main problems and guided the surgical strategy. Second ray resection was effective, without complications and with a good long-term functional outcome. Possibility of wearing fashionable conventional shoes without insoles was achieved to the patient’s satisfaction

scholarly journals Hip pain and its correlation with cam morphology in young skiers—a minimum of 5 years follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin Abrahamson ◽  
Pall Jónasson ◽  
Mikael Sansone ◽  
Anna Swärd Aminoff ◽  
Carl Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Α Angle ◽  
Cam Morphology ◽  
Elite Skiers

Abstract Background There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between cam morphological changes and hip pain, and it remains unclear who with cam morphology will develop hip pain and who will not. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between cam morphology, hip pain, and activity level at a 5-year follow-up in young Alpine and Mogul skiers. Method All students (n = 76) at Åre Ski National Sports High School were invited and accepted participation in this prospective study at baseline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both hips was conducted to evaluate the presence of cam morphology (α-angle ≥ 55°) and its size alongside the reporting of hip pain, type, and frequency of training by the Back and hip questionnaire, at baseline. After 5 years, the skiers were invited to complete a shortened version of the same questionnaire. Results A total of 60 skiers (80%) completed the follow-up questionnaire, of which 53 had concomitant MRI data. Cam morphology was present in 25 skiers (47.2%, 39 hips). Hip pain at baseline and at follow-up was reported in 17 (28.3%) and 22 (36.7%) skiers, respectively. No correlations were found between the activity level, the frequency, and the size of cam morphology and hip pain, except for the right hip α-angle at 1 o’clock and hip pain in skiers with cam morphology at baseline (rs = 0.49; P = 0.03) and at follow-up (rs = 0.47; P = 0.04). A total of 73.3% skiers had retired, of which 48% reported this was due to injuries. Conclusion Hip pain was not shown to be correlated, or had a low correlation, with activity level and the presence and size of cam morphology in young skiers on a 5-year follow-up. Based on these results, cam morphology or activity level did not affect hip pain to develop during 5 years of follow-up in young skiers. Furthermore, this study highlights that almost 75% of young elite skiers had retired from their elite career with almost 50% reporting that this was due to injuries sustained from skiing.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of microRNA-208b after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Impact on 6-Month Survival

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Alavi-Moghaddam ◽  
Mohammad Chehrazi ◽  
Shamila D. Alipoor ◽  
Maryam Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Baratloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Gender

Introduction. miRNAs contribute to a variety of essential biological processes including development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Circulating microRNAs are very stable and have shown potential as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. microRNA-208b expression was increased in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and has been proposed as a biomarker for early diagnosis. In this pilot study, we investigate the potential of circulating miR-208b as a prognostic biomarker of 6-month survival in AMI patients. Methods. Plasma samples from 21 patients and 8 age- and gender-matched healthy adults were collected, and circulating levels of miR-208b were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Results. miR-208b levels were higher in healthy control subjects (9.6-fold; P≤0.05). Within the AMI patients, the levels of miR-208b were significantly lower in the survivor versus nonsurvivor group (fold change = 6.51 and 14.1, resp.; P≤0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that the 6-month survival time was significantly higher among AMI patients with a relative expression of miR-208b lower than 12.38. The hazard ratio (HR) for the relative expression of miR-208b (<12.38 was the reference) was 5.08 (95% CI: 1.13–22.82; P=0.03). Conclusion. Our results showed that elevated miR-208b expression was associated with reduced long-term survival in AMI patients. These pilot data indicate the need for a large follow-up study to confirm whether miR-208b can be used as a predictor of 6-month survival time after AMI.

scholarly journals White matter volume changes in people who develop psychosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Walterfang ◽  
Philip K. McGuire ◽  
Alison R. Yung ◽  
Lisa J. Phillips ◽  
Dennis Velakoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Original Group ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
The Right

BackgroundGrey matter changes have been described in individuals who are pre- and peri-psychotic, but it is unclear if these changes are accompanied by changes in white matter structures.AimsTo determine whether changes in white matter occur prior to and with the transition to psychosis in individuals who are pre-psychotic who had previously demonstrated grey matter reductions in frontotemporal regions.MethodWe used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine regional white matter volume in 75 people with prodromal symptoms. A subset of the original group (n=21) were rescanned at 12–18 months to determine white matter volume changes. Participants were retrospectively categorised according to whether they had or had not developed psychosis at follow-up.ResultsComparison of the baseline MRI data from these two subgroups revealed that individuals who later developed psychosis had larger volumes of white matter in the frontal lobe, particularly in the left hemisphere. Longitudinal comparison of data in individuals who developed psychosis revealed a reduction in white matter volume in the region of the left fronto-occipital fasciculus. Participants who had not developed psychosis showed no reductions in white matter volume but increases in a region subjacent to the right inferior parietal lobule.DiscussionThe reduction in volume of white matter near the left fronto-occipital fasciculus may reflect a change in this tract in association with the onset of frank psychosis.

scholarly journals Intractable Trigeminal Neuralgia Secondary to Osteoma of the Clivus: A Case Report and Literature Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtesam Abdulla ◽  
Krishna Das ◽  
Joseph Ravindra ◽  
Tejal Shah ◽  
Sara George
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Serial Observation

AbstractSkull base osteomas (SBOs) are benign tumors that are frequently detected on radiographic images by coincidence. They are known for being slow-growing tumors and rarely symptomatic. The therapeutic approach for SBOs can differ substantially. Depending on the symptoms, size, and location of the tumor, this can range from serial observation to vigorous surgical extirpation. Clival osteoma is extremely rare. We report a case of clival osteoma, causing intractable trigeminal neuralgia due to the pressure effect on the trigeminal nerve at Meckel's cave. We also provide a review of pertinent literature. A 37-year-old woman presented with intractable trigeminal neuralgia. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large, lobulated, extra-axial lesion involving the right cerebellopontine angle and epicentering the clivus. Pathologically, the specimen was proven to be osteoma. The patient reported complete symptom resolution over a 4-year follow-up period. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first clinical case of intractable trigeminal neuralgia due to clival osteoma.

scholarly journals Overlapping syndrome mimicking infectious meningoencephalitis in a patient with MOG and GFAP IgG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-qiong Ji ◽  
Chen-chen Liu ◽  
Bi-tao Bu
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Steroid Pulse ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The presence of CNS overlapping autoimmune syndrome is not uncommon, but only one case of overlapping syndrome with coexistence of MOG-IgG and GFAP-IgG had been reported. This is the first reported case of these double antibodies positive presenting as clinical meningoencephalitis. Case presentation: A 23-year-old woman presented with transient convulsions,loss of consciousness, persistent fever, headache and vomiting. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed elevated cellularity, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement. She remained fever and headache with antiviral and antibiotic treatment for two weeks, then was treated with empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment and oral prednisolone therapy. She followed up at 3 months from presentation with symptoms improved and normal CSF analysis. 3-month follow-up MRI performed asymmetric lesions in the cerebellum, corona radiata, and white matter with enhancement. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued and steroid was discontinued. After She stopped taking the prednisolone, interrupted headache gradually appeared. MRI at 4 months after presentation revealed partial reduced extent of lesions, but enlarged areas in left cerebellum and right parietal white matter, as well as a new lesion in the region of the right ependyma with linearly enhancement. Screening for anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody were positive in CSF by transfected cell-based assay. She was diagnosed with overlapping syndrome of MOG‑IgG‑associated disease and GFAP astrocytopathy and received steroid pulse therapy (methylprednisolone 1 g for 5 days) followed by a gradual tapering of oral prednisolone, as well as addition of immunosuppressant (tacrolimus, 3 mg per day). 6 months after the patient’s initial presentation, no symptom was found, MRI showed the lesions had obviously diminished and no enhancement was found. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of overlapping syndrome with coexistence of MOG-IgG and GFAP-IgG presenting as clinical meningoencephalitis. The early screening of autoantibodies against CNS antigens was of great importance for the patient suspected of intracranial infection to make the definite diagnosis.

Dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex structural changes relative to suicidal ideation in patients with depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Shengnan Wei ◽  
Miao Chang ◽  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Yanqing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) is enormously important in suicide and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about the structural alterations in the brains of people with MDD and suicidal ideation. We examined the gray matter volume (GMV) of the PFC of individuals with MDD and suicidal ideation to determine if PFC volumetric differences contribute to suicidal ideation in patients with MDD. Thirty-five subjects with MDD and suicidal ideation, 38 subjects with MDD but without suicidal ideation, and 43 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects underwent T1-weighted imaging. A voxel-based morphometric analysis was conducted to compare the PFC GMVs of the three groups. Further GMV reductions in the left and right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and right ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) were detected in the MDD with suicidal ideation group compared with those in the HC group and the MDD without suicidal ideation group, whereas the MDD without suicidal ideation group only exhibited significant differences in the left DLPFC relative to the HC group. Our findings demonstrated that left DLPFC reductions were associated with MDD and suicidal ideation, and diminished GMV reductions in the right DLPFC and right VLPFC were only associated with suicidal ideation. These results help us better understand the neuropathological changes in MDD with suicidal ideation.

Application of ImageJ software for quantification of Hand Joint Space Narrowing in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nui Nguyen Minh ◽  
Nga Phi Thi Nguyen ◽  
Chau Nguyen Ngoc ◽  
Tien Tran Duy ◽  
Thong Nguyen Huy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Joint Space Narrowing ◽  
Joint Space Width ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Imagej Software

Background: ImageJ software is used to quantify the joint space width (JSW) of hand and wrist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as in the healthy control group. Method: Forty-one RA patients and 31 healthy controls are included in this study. All of 72 participants underwent digital radiography of the bilateral hand and wrist, then all the images were opened by ImageJ software to measure the width of wrist and hand joint space (total 2160 joints). Joint space narrowing (JSN) was defined if the width was less than the mean - 2SD of the control group. Result: The mean JSW of all sites of wrist and hand joints of RA patients was significantly reduced as compared to those in the control group (p<0.001). There were 37/41 (90.24%) RA patients who had JSN in at least one joint in hand or wrist. In total, 70.89% of joints on the right and 68.46% of joints on the left wrist and hand had JSN. Conclusion: ImageJ software was simple and convenient , which helps rheumatologists quantify the width of joint space for diagnosis and follow-up in RA patients.

Clinical and Radiological Follow-up of Intraneural Perineuriomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Wilson ◽  
Kimberly K Amrami ◽  
B Matthew Howe ◽  
Robert J Spinner
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Intraneural Perineurioma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sequential Images ◽  
Repeat Imaging

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Management of intraneural perineuriomas remains controversial, largely due to the lack of knowledge regarding the natural history of these lesions. OBJECTIVE To describe the typical radiological growth pattern of intraneural perineuriomas and to determine how the pattern of growth relates to clinical progression. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies and serial clinical examinations of a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven intraneural perineuriomas who had 2 MRI studies at least 2 yr apart. The outcome of interest was radiological growth in length or width of the intraneural perineurioma. Radiological growth was tested for association with clinical progression. RESULTS Twenty patients were included in the study. By width, the lesions were on average larger on repeat imaging (P = .009). By absolute length, the lesions were on average longer on repeat imaging (P = .02). By lesion:landmark ratio, there was no difference in length of the lesions between sequential images (P = .09), with 10 (50%) lesions being shorter and 7 (35%) showing no change. No lesions grew to involve a new nerve or division of a nerve on sequential imaging. None of the variables tested were associated with clinical progression. CONCLUSION We found that intraneural perineuriomas only rarely grow in length, do not grow to involve new nerves or nerve divisions, and growth does not correlate with clinical progression. These findings have significant ramifications for management of these tumors.

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