scholarly journals M129. PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD TEMPERAMENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADULT PSYCHOTIC DISORDER IN A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S184-S184
Author(s):  
Mary Clarke ◽  
Ross Brannigan ◽  
Antti Tanskanen ◽  
Matti Huttunen ◽  
Finbarr Leacy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Based ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Childhood temperament has previously been shown to be associated with mood and anxiety disorders later in life. Studies have also suggested possible links between childhood temperament and later psychosis. Aim To investigate the association between childhood temperament and its individual component factors, measured at age 5, and later psychiatric disorders including psychosis. Methods Using a sample from a Finnish birth cohort (N=1014), we used logistic regression models to examine associations between maternal reported childhood temperament at age 5, and later psychiatric diagnoses, ascertained through linkage with the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Results Individuals with a childhood temperament rated as difficult at age 5 had almost 5-times the odds of developing a psychotic disorder in adulthood compared to those with a temperament rated as average by their mothers (OR = 4.91, 95% CI = 1.51 – 15.91). The individual temperament factors of approach withdrawal, adaptability and quality of mood were each independently associated with later psychotic disorder while different temperament components were associated with increased risk of mood disorders. Discussion Early childhood temperament could be used in combination with other early life indicators to identify those at greatest risk for the development of psychosis later in life, and to inform the implementation of early interventions such as parent-training programs and school-based interventions to support children in developing more adaptive behavioural and self-regulatory strategies. Additionally, intervening early in a child’s life to support more optimal temperament development, such as better adaptability to new stressful situations through specific skills training, could be a viable target for early intervention to reduce psychosis risk.

scholarly journals Investigating Associations Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Endocrine Therapy Underuse in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e463-e473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Pinheiro ◽  
Stephanie B. Wheeler ◽  
Katherine E. Reeder-Hayes ◽  
Cleo A. Samuel ◽  
Andrew F. Olshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Purpose: Endocrine therapy (ET) underuse puts women at increased risk for breast cancer (BC) recurrence. Our objective was to determine if health-related quality of life (HRQOL) subgroups were associated with underuse. Methods: Data came from the third phase of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. We included 1,599 women with hormone receptor–positive BC age 20 to 74 years. HRQOL was measured, on average, 5 months postdiagnosis. Subgroups were derived using latent profile (LP) analysis. Underuse was defined as not initiating or adhering to ET by 36 months postdiagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) between HRQOL LPs and underuse. The best HRQOL LP was the reference. Chemotherapy- and race-stratified models were estimated, separately. Results: Initiation analyses included 953 women who had not begun ET by their 5-month survey. Of these, 154 never initiated ET. Adherence analyses included 1,114 ET initiators, of whom 211 were nonadherent. HRQOL was not significantly associated with noninitiation, except among nonchemotherapy users, with membership in the poorest LP associated with increased odds of noninitiation (adjusted OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 17.4). Membership in the poorest LPs was associated with nonadherence (LP1: adjusted OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0 and LP2: adjusted OR,1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.6). Membership in the poorest LP was associated with nonadherence among nonchemotherapy users (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.1). Conclusion: Our results suggest women with poor HRQOL during active treatment may be at increased risk for ET underuse. Focusing on HRQOL, a modifiable factor, may improve targeting of future interventions early in the BC continuum to improve ET initiation and adherence and prevent BC recurrence.

Cancer diagnosis and adverse financial events: Evidence from credit reports.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6504-6504
Author(s):  
Veena Shankaran ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Catherine R. Fedorenko ◽  
Hayley Sanchez ◽  
Yuxian Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Data ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Financial Events

6504 Background: Increasing evidence shows that cancer patients (pts) experience financial hardships after diagnosis. Few studies, however, have used objective financial data to estimate the relative risk of adverse financial events (AFEs) in cancer pts versus individuals without cancer. Using a retrospective case-control design, we investigated whether cancer pts are at increased risk of new AFEs, as measured by their credit reports. Methods: Western Washington Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry (cases) and voter registry (controls) records from 2013 to 2018 were linked to quarterly credit records from TransUnion (2012-2020), one of the 3 largest national credit agencies. Controls were age and sex matched to cases and assigned an index date corresponding to the diagnosis (dx) date of the matched case. Individuals with evidence of any AFE in the credit report closest to index/dx date or did not survive to 24 months were excluded. Cases and controls experiencing any of the following AFEs within 24 months were compared, using two-sample z tests: severe (3rd party collections, charge-offs), more severe (tax liens, delinquent mortgage payments), and most severe (foreclosures, repossessions). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between cancer dx and AFE, adjusting for age, sex, dx year, and available credit 6 months before the index/dx date. Results: A total of 332,825 individuals (84,185 cases and 248,640 controls, mean age 66 (SD 13), 52.7% female) were included. The mean available line of credit in the year before index/dx date was $12,303. AFEs were more common in cases versus controls (Table). After adjusting for age, sex, available credit above or below $12,303, and dx year, cancer dx was significantly associated with any AFE (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.7-1.85, p<0.0001), severe AFEs (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.85-2.03, p<0.0001), more severe AFEs (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.36, p<0.0001), and most severe AFEs (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.16-1.86, p=0.0016). Age >65 and higher available baseline credit were associated with decreased risk of any and each category of AFE. Conclusions: Within 24 months from dx, significantly higher proportions of cancer pts experienced AFEs relative to controls. Such events on credit reports have serious and long-lasting consequences on financial status. Studies that link clinical and financial data to investigate the impacts of these events on treatment decisions, quality of life, and clinical outcomes are needed.[Table: see text]

Mental health in the workplace

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 694-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Ø. Sørensen ◽  
P. Munk-Joergensen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The Public ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

IntroductionDepression and simple phobia are the most prevalent mental illnesses among employees leading to an increased number of sick days, decreased social and professional function, job satisfaction, quality of life and increased risk of loss of work.Around 25% of the working population is affected by psychiatric symptoms in a way that is painful to the individual, but not of such severity that is qualifies as a genuine disease.Untreated and not early identified these cases could lead to actual mental illness.Moreover, less than half of those currently suffering from depression are provided with the correct diagnosis in general practice, and less the half, diagnosed correctly, receive the proper medical treatment.ObjectivesTo identify, treat and thereby interrupt pre-existing cases of mental illness in the workplace. To prevent worsening of minor cases of psychiatric illness and symptomatic cases not considered a genuine disease.AimsTo develop models for early tracing and treatment of mental illness in the workplace with consequent improved health status and quality of life for the individual and improved economy for the workplace and the public.MethodsThis intervention study includes larger companies with more than 100 employees in the Region of North Denmark.The study design is a before-after study using self-reporting questionnaires as a basis for identification of cases of mental illness and follow-up of treatment. The study uses clinical interview and examination for determining the need for treatment.ResultsResults not yet available.

scholarly journals Influence of sub-syndromal symptoms after remission from manic or mixed episodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Tohen ◽  
Charles L. Bowden ◽  
Joseph R. Calabrese ◽  
Daniel Lin ◽  
Tammy D. Forrester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Subsequent Relapse

BackgroundSub-syndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder impair functioning and diminish quality of life.AimsTo examine factors associated with time spent with sub-syndromal symptoms and to characterise how these symptoms influence outcomes.MethodIn a double-blind randomised maintenance trial, patients received either olanzapine or lithium monotherapy for 1 year. Stepwise logistic regression models were used to identify factors that were significant predictors of percentage time spent with sub-syndromal symptoms. The presence of sub-syndromal symptoms during the first 8 weeks was examined as a predictor of subsequent relapse.ResultsPresence of sub-syndromal depressive symptoms during the first 8 weeks significantly increased the likelihood of depressive relapse (relative risk 4.67, P<0.001). Patients with psychotic features and those with a greater number of previous depressive episodes were more likely to experience sub-syndromal depressive symptoms (RR=2.51, P<0.001 and RR=2.35, P=0.03 respectively).ConclusionsThese findings help to identify patients at increased risk of affective relapse and suggest that appropriate therapeutic interventions should be considered even when syndromal-level symptoms are absent.

scholarly journals Children of Imprisoned Parents and Their Coping Strategies: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Heinecke Thulstrup ◽  
Leena Eklund Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Global Context ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions

Children of imprisoned parents have a two times greater risk for health problems, including difficulties in their environment, academic and behavioural problems as well as social stigma. Focusing on children who have parents in prison has not been a priority for research. This review aims to describe current knowledge on children who have imprisoned parents in a global context and highlight areas for additional research. This review highlights the coping strategies that children of imprisoned parents use and explore interventions that exist to support children of imprisoned parents. This review employed a qualitative narrative synthesis. The database search yielded 1989 articles, of which 11 met inclusion and quality criteria. Stigmatizing children due to parental imprisonment was a widespread problem. Children&rsquo;s coping strategies included maintaining distance from the imprisoned parent, normalizing the parent&rsquo;s situation and taking better control over their lives through distraction, sports, supportive people and therapy. Children received the best support in school-based interventions or mentoring programmes. The overall low quality of the included studies indicates a need for further research.

scholarly journals How important is school environment in explaining individual variance of health behaviors?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Antonio Fernando Boing ◽  
SV Subramanian ◽  
Alexandra Crispim Boing
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
School Context ◽  
School Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Based ◽  
National School ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leisure Physical Activity

We analyzed data from the National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) carried out in Brazil in 2015 (n = 102,072 adolescents) to estimate how much of the individual variance in the prevalence of health behaviors is attributable to the school level. Multilevel logistic regression models were calculated to estimate the variance partitional coefficient (VPC) of the use of drugs, intake of unhealthy food, leisure physical activity and weight-related behaviors. The between-schools variance was significant in all tested models. The highest VPCs were observed when the use of drugs was analyzed (15%-20% of the total variance of smoking and use of illegal drugs). Lower, but still significant, values were observed in the other outcomes. The school context plays an important role in the adolescents’ health and should be considered in the design of public policies and actions in public health.

scholarly journals Identifying the “Active Ingredients” of a School-Based, Workplace Safety and Health Training Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Nykänen ◽  
Rebecca J. Guerin ◽  
Jukka Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Safety Skills ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
School Based ◽  
Core Components

AbstractYoung workers in many industrialized countries experience a higher rate of largely preventable occupation-related injuries compared with adults. Safety education and training are considered critical to the prevention of these incidents. This can be promoted by the dissemination and scale-out of an evidence-based, safety training programs in vocational education. The aim of this study was to identify the intervention core components that comprise the “active ingredients” of a safety training intervention for young workers and assess the impact on student outcomes of interest. Fidelity of implementation was operationalized using measures of adherence and quality of intervention delivery. For this study, data were collected through a school-based, cluster randomized trial conducted in 2015 in eight Finnish upper secondary-level vocational schools (n = 229 students in 22 groups, each with one teacher). Results indicate that the intervention core components (safety skills training, safety inoculation training, a positive atmosphere for safety learning, and active learning techniques) had differing associations with student outcomes. Adherence related to the acquisition of safety skills training was the strongest active ingredient in terms of positive effects. Furthermore, quality of delivery in terms of fostering positive learning atmosphere and utilizing active learning methods was associated especially with motivational outcomes. These findings indicate that different active ingredients complemented each other. Contrary to expectations, we found no statistically significant relationship between any of the core components and risk-taking attitudes. The current study advances prevention science by identifying the active ingredients of an evidence-based intervention, implemented in Finnish vocational school settings, that helps protect young workers from work-related morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Model Fidelity and Students’ Responses to an Authenticated Unit of Cooperative Learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Casey ◽  
Victoria A. Goodyear ◽  
Ben P. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
School Based ◽  
Model Fidelity ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Validation Tool

A wealth of school-based interventions report on students’ positive responses to the use of models-based practice in physical education. However, research that examines the effectiveness of models-based practice rarely reports on the fidelity of implementation i.e., when all of the characteristics of a model are implemented. The purpose of this study was to explore model fidelity in the use of the Cooperative Learning model. Action research and systematic observation (using the Cooperative Learning Validation Tool which acknowledged the observation of key characteristics of the model) were used to confirm model fidelity. Consequently, the themes which emerged from the data analysis of could be directly linked to the authentic use of Cooperative Learning context. The paper concludes by arguing that when reporting on findings from empirical research on the use of Cooperative Learning we need to adopt a more robust approach in determining—through rigor and quality of research—the authenticity of implementation.

Easing the Burden of Panic Disorder: Comorbidity, Diagnosis, and Implications for Treatment

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (S12) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medical Morbidity

AbstractPanic disorder (PD) is typically a distressing, chronic, and recurrent mental disorder associated with a high rate of comorbidity with other mood, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders, increased risk of medical morbidity and mortality, and marked impairment of functioning and reduced quality of life. Most patients with PD first seek treatment in emergency room or general practice settings. In the overwhelming majority of cases, PD patients present with primarily somatic symptoms, many of which are common to medical illnesses. It is, therefore, not surprising that PD is often misdiagnosed and that patients with this disorder often spend years seeking treatment and undergoing costly and unnecessary tests and medical consultations before receiving a correct diagnosis. Better diagnosis and treatment of PD to achieve remission and prevent relapse has the potential to reduce the burden of this illness to the individual and society.

Behavioral Interventions and the Role of Television in the Growing Epidemic of Adolescent Obesity

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thiagarajah ◽  
M. Fleming-Moran
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
School Based ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Gender Specific

Summary Objective: To test television exposure’s contribution to overweight (BMI> 95th percentile /age) status in 11.3% of 2001 YRBS respondents, when controlling for moderate/vigorous activity, and eating habits. Methods: Controlling for age, ethnicity, smoking, moderate/vigorous activity, and diet habits, gender-specific SUDAAN models estimate likelihood (O.R.) for overweight in teens watching 2+ hours of TV/day. Results: TV exposure independently increases odds of overweight by 50% for both genders (boys: OR 1.5 [1.2-1.8]; girls: OR 1.6 [1.2-2.0]), when other covariates are controlled. Low vigorous activity rate (1.39 [1.1-1.86]) and smoking independently promote obesity in girls, while boys with fewer fruit/ vegetable servings are less likely to be overweight (.76 [.60-.96]). Conclusion: Current school-based interventions promote environmental and curricular changes for healthier diets and increased activity rates. TV exposure, however, is rarely targeted as a separate risk factor, and requires attention at the individual, family, and community levels.

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