scholarly journals S36. TREATING NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH A MOTIVE-SPECIFIC INTERVENTION: A RANDOMIZED BRIEF INTERVENTION TRIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S45-S46
Author(s):  
Rahel Horisberger ◽  
Stefan Kaiser ◽  
Matthias Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Motivational deficits seem to be one of the main barriers in the recovery process among psychosis patients and have been shown to be very treatment resistant. Motives are conscious and unconscious affect-based needs that influence behavior toward specific incentives. Thus, they constitute the basis of motivated behavior or the lack thereof. In this study, we investigated how individual differences in social motives relate to the phenomenology of motivational negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Fifty-nine patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were included into the sample. Negative symptoms were measured with the Brief Negative Symptom Scale and social motives with the Questionnaire for the Zurich Model of Social Motivation. Between-group differences, Pearson correlations and regression analysis were calculated. We replicated and extended the results in a second sample of forty-five psychosis patients, using the same methods. Results A comparison of healthy controls and schizophrenia patients revealed significant differences in social motives. Within the patient group, relationships between the characteristics of the individual motives, in particular the achievement motive, and the severity of the motivational negative symptoms, i.e. of asociality, avolition and anhedonia, could be described. In contrast, social motives cannot be associated with diminished expression, the non-motivational dimension of negative symptoms. The duration of the disease seems to be an additional influencing factor: When comparing the motivational dispositions of first episode patients with those of healthy people, no differences were found. However, a relationship between the duration of the disease and the characteristics of social motives can be described. Discussion Explicit social motives stand in a relationship with motivational negative symptoms. Since implicit and explicit motives may diverge, the aim of our future research is to additionally investigate the association with implicit motives. The inclusion of psychological factors helps to extend and improve psychotherapeutic interventions for psychosis patients. Since negative symptoms do not respond well to pharmacotherapy, further efforts in this direction are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this disease and to develop effective psychotherapy tools in the future.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Jie-du-qing-nao granules for first-episode schizophrenics: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyan Li ◽  
Yanzhe Ning ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Dongqing Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Double Blind

Abstract BackgroundAt present, the focus and difficulty of schizophrenia (SCZ) treatment is to improve cognitive function and negative symptoms. Jie-du-qing-nao granules(JQG) , a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescription , has a good clinical effectiveness in enhancing the cognition and negative symptoms of patients with SCZ. However, its clear effectiveness and safety have not been adequately supported by clinical studies. The main objective of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of JQG for first-episode schizophrenics.Methods/designThis trial is a prospective, randomized, single-centered, parallel-controlled clinical study with double-blind design. A total of 96 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the study group or the control group in a ratio of 1:1. Participants allocated to the study group will receive JQG and aripiprazole, control group will receive placebo and aripiprazole. The treatment course will last 12 weeks, with follow-up every 4 weeks. Outcome measurements include Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), self face test , MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, BDNF, vital signs, complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, urinalysis, and electrocardiograph. Adverse reactions will be evaluated using the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS).DiscussionThis study will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of JQG as a complementary approach, which can be initiated following with antipsychotics therapy. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR1900028250 . Registered on December 16, 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=41880&htm=4 .

Recovery in Psychosis: Perspectives of Clients with First Episode Psychosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
Laxman Cetty ◽  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Ying Ying Lee ◽  
Siow Ann Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychiatric Institute ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Recovery from psychosis relates to connectedness, hope for the future, identity, meaning in life and empowerment. The process of recovery is often described as gradual and non-linear, with many stages and turning points, and without a definitive end point. This qualitative study aims to understand what recovery means to clients, to better understand their unique recovery process and what helps in recovery among clients with lived experience of first episode psychosis (FEP) in a developed Asian setting. Materials and Methods: The study design and interview guide development included inputs from persons with psychosis, following which 7 focus group discussions were conducted with 40 FEP clients of a tertiary care psychiatric institute. Results: Thematic qualitative analysis identified three themes: 1) meaning of recovery (where participants expressed their views on what recovery meant to them); 2) recovery as a journey (due to the constant ups and downs in the long process of recovery, it was often articulated as a “journey”); and 3) facilitators of recovery (related to resources, practices and experiences that supported their recovery). Conclusion: The emergent themes provide an understanding of the meaning of recovery to persons with FEP, their experiences as they proceed with their recovery journey and factors they found helpful. The importance of acceptance of the condition and the personal role the individual plays in his or her own recovery was evident in the narratives of the participants. The study suggests a need to incorporate recovery-relevant approaches right from the first episode of psychosis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2020;49:186–98 Key words: Meaning of recovery, Qualitative, Thematic analysis

Gen DRD2, TH y DTNBP1 y la sintomatología de pacientes ecuatorianos esquizofrénicos tratados con haloperidol. Caso Clínico.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Porras-Borja ◽  
Camilo Pérez ◽  
Erickson Toscano ◽  
Paola E. Leone ◽  
Cesar Paz-y-Miño
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Drd2 Gene ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Significant Difference

Genetic variants of chemical neurotransmission have been associated with the development of schizophrenia. This is a syndromic mental disorder that affects the perception of reality and feelings of those affected. This disease is expressed in 1% of the world’s population; in all cases, antipsychotic drugs are used as treatment. Scientific evidence indicates that symptomatologic characteristics and therapeutic response has a genetic influence. The objective of the current work was to describe the presence or absence of allelic polymorphisms found on the dopamine gene and the therapeutic response of 11 Ecuadorian individuals treated with haloperidol (5mg.), for a period of 14 days. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DRD2, TH and DTNBP1 genes and evaluations recorded from the PANSS, BPRS and UKU scales were assessed. An association with a significance of P = 0.024 was found between the Taq1-B polymorphism on the DRD2 gene and the BPRS positive symptom scale; furthermore, an association with a significance of P = 0.045 was found with the PANSS negative symptoms scale. The absence of the Ser311Cys polymorphism on the DRD2 gene within the sample was also reported. In conclusion, it is noted that there is a statistically significant difference between the symptomatologic group, individuals with allele A / G SNP Taq1-B, and the group of individuals without the polymorphism. Even though the biological mechanisms behind this result are not understood, his study will serve as a basis for the development of future research related to this topic.

Assessment of negative symptoms beyond schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S69-S70
Author(s):  
S. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionNegative symptoms have long been recognized as a hallmark of schizophrenia. Newer evidence suggests that negative symptoms can be observed in persons with other disorders or even in non-clinical populations. However, most negative symptom scales are designed to identify clinically relevant symptoms, which might lead to underappreciation of subclinical symptom expression.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to establish distributional properties of well-established negative symptom scales in comparison with the newly developed Zurich Negative Symptom Scale, which employs a fully dimensional and continuous approach.MethodsWe included participants with established schizophrenia (n = 65), first-episode psychosis (n = 25), schizotypal personality traits (n = 29) and remitted bipolar disorder (n = 20). Assessment of negative symptoms was conducted with the Zurich Negative Symptom Scale and compared to establish rating scales.ResultsIn this broad sample, measurement of negative symptoms with established negative symptom scales lead to a highly skewed distribution. In other words, established negative symptom scales were able to identify negative symptoms in some participants in the non-schizophrenia spectrum, but a differentiation of negative symptom severity in the subclinical range was not possible. In contrast, the distribution of negative symptoms measured with the Zurich Negative Symptom scale approached normality.ConclusionsNegative symptoms can be observed outside the schizophrenia diagnosis. However, in order to fully explore the continuity of negative symptoms, measurement instruments need to be designed to cover the full range of symptomatology starting at a subclinical level. We propose the newly developed Zurich Negative Symptom Scale as a useful tool in this respect.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Whence, how and when psychological capital enhances job performance: Insights from an east–west conceptual synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
V Venkatanagarajan ◽  
TJ Kamalanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Core ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual

The positive core construct of psychological capital (PsyCap) continues to garner a great deal of enduring heed from academicians and practitioners alike. While studies have continually been attesting to PsyCap’s positive influence on job performance, there is an obvious silence in the literature as to the cross-cultural implications for PsyCap formation and management. Besides, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the team-level boundary conditions of the PsyCap–job performance relationship. Addressing these gaps, this article speculates a blend of ancient Indian and contemporary Western psychological perspectives. In particular, we theorize the role of trigunas (three trait-like components namely sattwa, rajas and tamas) on PsyCap formation, the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) in the PsyCap–job performance relationship and the moderating role of supervisors’ authentic leadership behaviour in the relationship between trigunas, PsyCap, OBSE and job performance of their followers at the individual level. Research propositions based on the proposed conceptual model are presented. Implications of such a conceptual blend for cross-cultural management and future research directions conclude the article.

scholarly journals Metacognitive capacity and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis: Evidence of a prospective relationship over a 3-year follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380871882157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Fitzgerald Austin ◽  
Paul H. Lysaker ◽  
Jens Einar Jansen ◽  
Anne Marie Trauelsen ◽  
Hanne-Grethe Lyse Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Negative symptoms can be linked to Bleuler’s concept of splitting or fragmentation of thought, affect, and will. Research has shown a link between disturbances in metacognition and negative symptoms, although relatively few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally. The aim of this article is to examine whether metacognitive capacity among patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) predicted negative symptoms after a follow-up period of 3 years. Metacognition was assessed using the Metacognition Assessment Scale abbreviated and symptoms were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale among 59 adults with FEP. Symptoms were then reassessed at a 3-year follow-up. Significant correlations were found between baseline metacognitive scores and the expressive component of negative symptoms as well as for individual negative symptoms such as blunted affect, poor rapport, and alogia at 3-year follow-up after controlling for baseline negative symptoms. Self-reflectivity was significantly correlated with the expressive component of negative symptoms at 3-year follow-up. The results are partly consistent with a Bleulerian model which understands the emergence of negative symptoms as a response in part to the experience of fragmentation, particularly in terms of sense of self and others. Future research should clarify the likely role of metacognition in the development and maintenance of negative symptoms.

Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Language ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Collective Orientation ◽  
Team Research ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.

QUALITY OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP LEVEL INTERVENTIONS FOR FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS AT THE TERTIARY PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN UGANDA.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kiiza Mwesiga ◽  
Noeline Nakasujja ◽  
Lawrence Nankaba ◽  
Juliet Nakku ◽  
Seggane Musisi
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Interventions ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Individual and group level interventions have the largest effect on outcomes in patients with the first episode of psychosis. The quality of these individual and group level interventions provided to first-episode psychosis patients in Uganda is unclear.Methods: The study was performed at Butabika National Psychiatric Teaching and referral hospital in Uganda. A retrospective chart review of recently discharged adult in-patients with the first episode of psychosis was first performed to determine the proportion of participants who received the different essential components for individual and group level interventions. From the different proportions, the quality of the services across the individual and group interventions was determined using the first-Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale (FEPS-FS). The FEPS-FS assigns a grade of 1-5 on a Likert scale depending on the proportion of patients received the different components of the intervention. Results: The final sample included 156 first-episode psychosis patients. The median age was 27 years [IOR (24-36)] with 55% of participants of the female gender. 13 essential components across the individual and group interventions were assessed and their quality quantified. All 13 essential components had poor quality with the range of scores on the FEPS-FS of 1-3. Only one essential component assessed (use of single antipsychotics) had moderate quality.Discussion: Among current services at the National psychiatric hospital of Uganda, the essential for individual and group level interventions for psychotic disorders are of low quality. Further studies are required on how the quality of these interventions can be improved.

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