Latent Clinical-Anatomical Dimensions of Schizophrenia

Abstract Widespread structural brain abnormalities have been consistently reported in schizophrenia, but their relation to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations remains unknown. In particular, it is unclear whether anatomical abnormalities in discrete regions give rise to discrete symptoms or whether distributed abnormalities give rise to the broad clinical profile associated with schizophrenia. Here, we apply a multivariate data-driven approach to investigate covariance patterns between multiple-symptom domains and distributed brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Structural magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data were derived from one discovery sample (133 patients and 113 controls) and one independent validation sample (108 patients and 69 controls). Disease-related voxel-wise brain abnormalities were estimated using deformation-based morphometry. Partial least-squares analysis was used to comprehensively map clinical, neuropsychological, and demographic data onto distributed deformation in a single multivariate model. The analysis identified 3 latent clinical-anatomical dimensions that collectively accounted for 55% of the covariance between clinical data and brain deformation. The first latent clinical-anatomical dimension was replicated in an independent sample, encompassing cognitive impairments, negative symptom severity, and brain abnormalities within the default mode and visual networks. This cognitive-negative dimension was associated with low socioeconomic status and was represented across multiple races. Altogether, we identified a continuous cognitive-negative dimension of schizophrenia, centered on 2 intrinsic networks. By simultaneously taking into account both clinical manifestations and neuroanatomical abnormalities, the present results open new avenues for multi-omic stratification and biotyping of individuals with schizophrenia.

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Latent clinical-anatomical dimensions of schizophrenia

10.1101/2020.03.25.20040592 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthias Kirschner ◽

Golia Shafiei ◽

Ross D. Markello ◽

Carolina Makowski ◽

Alexandra Talpalaru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Data ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Structural Mri ◽

Brain Abnormalities ◽

Negative Dimension ◽

Discovery Sample ◽

Brain Deformation ◽

Data Driven Approach

AbstractWidespread structural brain abnormalities have been consistently reported in schizophrenia, but their relation to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations remains unknown. In particular, it is un-clear whether anatomical abnormalities in discrete regions give rise to discrete symptoms, or whether distributed abnormalities give rise to the broad clinical profile associated with schizophrenia. Here we apply a multivariate data-driven approach to investigate covariance patterns between multiple symptom domains and distributed brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Structural MRI, and clinical data were derived from one discovery sample (133 patients, 113 controls) and one independent validation sample (108 patients, 69 controls). Disease-related voxel-wise brain abnormalities were estimated using deformation based morphometry. Partial least squares analysis was used to comprehensively map clinical, neuropsychological and demographic data onto distributed deformation in a single multivariate model. The analysis identified three latent clinical-anatomical dimensions that collectively accounted for 55% of the covariance between clinical data and brain deformation. The first latent clinical-anatomical dimension was replicated in an independent sample, encompassing cognitive impairments, negative symptom severity and brain abnormalities within the default mode and visual networks. This cognitive-negative dimension was associated with low socioeconomic status and was represented across multiple races. Altogether, we identified a continuous cognitive-negative dimension of schizophrenia, centered on two intrinsic networks. By simultaneously taking into account both clinical manifestations and neuroanatomical abnormalities, the present results open new avenues for multi-omic stratification and biotyping of individuals with schizophrenia.

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Behavioral and Social Considerations

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 855-855

Author(s):

Lisa Barry

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Underrepresented Minority ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

Early Life Adversity ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

Multidimensional Health

Abstract Cognitive, behavioral and social dimensions also demonstrate increasing heterogeneity with aging. For example, a longitudinal study of over 1,000 clergy revealed increasing heterogeneity in cognitive function and rate of decline with aging. Moreover, studies of individuals with probable Alzheimer’s disease have shown heterogeneity in terms of clinical manifestations and rates of cognitive decline. Older adults also demonstrate greater heterogeneity in mood, anxiety, and the nature and patterns of symptoms over time. Heterogeneity of overall health status increases with aging, as does reported quality of life. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data have shown that low socioeconomic status or being an underrepresented minority are both associated with greater intra-individual variability in health status in old age, with greatest differences seen in Hispanics. Finally, early life adversity can contribute to heterogeneity of multidimensional health trajectories even in late life.

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Hospital Mortality Among Elderly Patients Admitted With Neurological Disorders Was Not Predicted by any Particular Diagnosis in a Tertiary Medical Center

The Open Neurology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874205x01812010001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aroldo Bacellar ◽

Telma Assis ◽

Bruno B. Pedreira ◽

Gersonita Costa ◽

Osvaldo J.M. Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Risk Model ◽

Medical Center ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Low Socioeconomic

Background: Neurological disorders (NDs) are associated with high hospital mortality. We aimed to identify predictors of hospital mortality among elderly inpatients with NDs. Methods: Patients aged ≥60 years admitted to the hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010 with acute NDs, chronic NDs as underpinnings of acute clinical disorders, and neurological complications of other diseases were studied. We analyzed demographic data, NDs, and comorbidities as independent predictors of hospital mortality. Logistic regression was performed for multivariable analysis. Results: Overall, 1540 NDs and 2679 comorbidities were identified among 798 inpatients aged ≥ 60 years (mean 75.8±9.1). Of these, 54.5% were female. Diagnostic frequency of NDs ranged between 0.3% and 50.8%. Diagnostic frequency of comorbidities ranged from 5.6% to 84.5%. Comorbidities varied from 0 to 9 per patient (90% of patients had ≥2 comorbidities), mean 3.2±1.47(CI, 3.1-3.3). Patients with multimorbidities presented with a mean of 4.7±1.7 morbidities per patient. Each ND and comorbidity were associated with high hospital mortality, producing narrow ranges between the lowest and highest incidences of death (hospital mortality = 18%) (95% CI, 15%-21%). After multivariable analysis, advanced age (P<0.001) and low socioeconomic status (P=0.003) were recognized as predictors of mortality, totaling 9% of the variables associated with hospital mortality. Conclusion: Neither a particular ND nor an individual comorbidity predicted hospital mortality. Age and low socioeconomic class accounted for 9% of predictors. We suggest evaluating whether functional, cognitive, or comorbidity scores will improve the risk model of hospital mortality in elderly patients admitted with ND.

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The demographic data and the high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity have a role in predicting the susceptibility to have Down syndrome in a cohort of Egyptian young-aged mothers

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics ◽

10.1186/s43042-019-0020-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lama M. El-Attar ◽

Noha M. Issa ◽

Hanan Salah Eldin Mahrous

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Chromosome 21 ◽

Genome Integrity ◽

Young Mothers ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Down syndrome (DS) is a common numerical chromosome disorder that has its burden on both family and community. The well-known risk factor for chromosome 21 nondisjunction is advanced maternal age which failed to explain the occurrence of Down syndrome born to mothers less than 35 years. This study aimed to assess the effect of demographic data (consanguinity, residency area, and socioeconomic state) and chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity on the susceptibility of young mothers to have a child with Down syndrome. Results Fifty mothers with a history of at least one DS pregnancy before the age of 35 were compared to 50 control mothers. There was a significant increase in DS births in consanguineous parents (46%) compared to 20% in non-consanguineous ones (OR = 3.40; 95% CI = 1.4–8.20, P = 0.006). Young mothers with DS children were more likely to be from rural areas (60%) than urban areas (40%) (OR = 2.66; 95%, CI = 1.18–5.98, P = 0.017) and of a low socioeconomic status (62%) rather than a high socioeconomic status (38%) (OR = 3.80; 95%, CI = 1.65–8.74, P = 0.001). Chromosome/chromatid breaks were detected in 76% of DS young mothers and 32% of control mothers (P < 0.001). There was an odds ratio of chromatid breaks of 8.50 (3.411–21.17) and chromosome breaks of 3.93 (1.40–11.05) with significant difference between the studied groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009 respectively). Conclusion In addition to advanced maternal age, consanguinity, residency in rural areas, and low socioeconomic status could be considered as possible risk factors for Down syndrome. The high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks in young mothers with a previous history of DS children highlights the impact of genome integrity on the tendency to chromosome 21 nondisjunction. These findings are valuable in predicting having a Down syndrome baby and providing proper genetic counseling for high-risk families.

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A Study of Young-Age and Mid-Life Homicidal Women Admitted to a Psychiatric Hospital for Pre-Trial Evaluation*

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378302800206 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Arshad Husain ◽

Daniel E. Anasseril ◽

Phillip W. Harris

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Young Women ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

High Frequency ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Young Female ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

Significant Finding ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Physical Disorders

The authors compared a group of young female homicidal offenders with a group of middle-aged homicidal women as to demographic data, psychopathology, physical disorders and type of victims chosen. Young women tend to have low socioeconomic status, have antisocial personality disorder, and I or schizophrenia as psychiatric diagnoses and most likely kill their children, while midlife women tend to have slightly higher socioeconomic status, suffer from affective disorder and alcoholism and have more frequent physical disorders and most likely murder their spouses. A significant finding noted among mid-life women is the high frequency of physical abuse by husbands who later become their homicide victims. Treatment implications of these findings are noted.

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Low Socioeconomic Status Patients Willing to E-Mail

Skin & Allergy News ◽

10.1016/s0037-6337(08)70793-9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (10) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

ROBERT FINN

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

E Mail

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Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000059 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 43-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Eugene Kinyanda ◽

Ruth Kizza ◽

Jonathan Levin ◽

Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽

Catherine Abbo

Keyword(s):

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Psychosocial Risk ◽

Psychiatric Nurses ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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The Perspective of Older Men With Depression on Suicide and Its Prevention in Primary Care

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000511 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 397-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven Vannoy ◽

Mijung Park ◽

Meredith R. Maroney ◽

Jürgen Unützer ◽

Ester Carolina Apesoa-Varano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Older Men ◽

Primary Care Providers ◽

Depression Treatment ◽

Care Providers ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Self Image ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Background: Suicide rates in older men are higher than in the general population, yet their utilization of mental health services is lower. Aims: This study aimed to describe: (a) what primary care providers (PCPs) can do to prevent late-life suicide, and (b) older men's attitudes toward discussing suicide with a PCP. Method: Thematic analysis of interviews focused on depression and suicide with 77 depressed, low-socioeconomic status, older men of Mexican origin, or US-born non-Hispanic whites recruited from primary care. Results: Several themes inhibiting suicide emerged: it is a problematic solution, due to religious prohibition, conflicts with self-image, the impact on others; and, lack of means/capacity. Three approaches to preventing suicide emerged: talking with them about depression, talking about the impact of their suicide on others, and encouraging them to be active. The vast majority, 98%, were open to such conversations. An unexpected theme spontaneously arose: "What prevents men from acting on suicidal thoughts?" Conclusion: Suicide is rarely discussed in primary care encounters in the context of depression treatment. Our study suggests that older men are likely to be open to discussing suicide with their PCP. We have identified several pragmatic approaches to assist clinicians in reducing older men's distress and preventing suicide.

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Audio Stories as Incidental Language Teachers

Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications ◽

10.1027/1864-1105/a000281 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ute Ritterfeld ◽

Timo Lüke

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Language Teachers ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Migrant Families ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Grammatical Skills ◽

Entertainment Value

Abstract. Audio stories offer a unique blend of narrative entertainment with language learning opportunities as a user’s enjoyment is dependent on their processing of the linguistic content. A total of 138 third- and fourth-graders from low socioeconomic status and migrant families recruited from a metropolitan area in Germany participated in a randomized pre–post follow-up intervention study with a control group. Children listened to a tailored crime story of approximately 90 min over a period of 3 days within the classroom setting. Entertainment value for the age group was established in a pilot study. Outcome variables included semantic and grammatical skills in German and were administered before (pretest), shortly after intervention (posttest), and 2 weeks later (follow-up). We used nonverbal intelligence, reading, comprehension skills, age and sex as control variables. Results indicate a strong positive effect of media reception on language skills. The effectiveness of the intervention is discussed with reference to different linguistic domains, entertainment value, and compensatory effects in populations at risk of language learning deficits.

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