Reason-giving for resistance: obfuscation, justification and earmarking in resisting informal financial assistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen McNeill ◽  
Rachael Pierotti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
West African ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Relational Work ◽  
Differential Ability

Abstract Monetary assistance is a common request from social ties and can be both an economic lifeline and a financial burden. This study examines the relational work at the heart of such exchanges, examining when and how attempts at mobilizing informal financial assistance are resisted. Using qualitative data from West African factory workers, we demonstrate that individuals who wish to resist the provision of assistance without causing relational damage employ rhetorical strategies designed to justify or obfuscate their refusal, relying heavily on socially legitimate reason-giving. The findings reveal that subjective calculations of resource availability are central to the mobilization of assistance, resistant givers differentiate between justification and obfuscation of refusals, and earmarks can play a role in protecting resources from social demands. More broadly, these findings suggest ways that a differential ability to resist social capital mobilization may generate inequalities within social groups.

scholarly journals The financial burden of PARP inhibitors on patients, payors, and financial assistance programs: Who bears the cost?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney N. Goldsberry ◽  
Sarah S. Summerlin ◽  
Allison Guyton ◽  
Brittani Caddell ◽  
Warner K. Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Cost

West African Languages Congress

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Joseph Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
The United States ◽  
West African ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
The West ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Time

The Third West African Languages Congress took place in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from March 26 to April 1, 1963. This was the third of the annual meetings of those interested in West African languages sponsored by the West African Languages Survey, previous meetings having been held in Accra (1961) and Dakar (1962). The West African Languages Survey is a Ford Foundation project. Additional financial assistance from UNESCO and other sources contributed materially to the scope and success of the meeting. This meeting was larger than previous ones both in attendance and in number of papers presented and, it may be said, in regard to the scientific level of the papers presented. The official participants, seventy-two in number, came from virtually every country in West Africa, from Western European countries and from the United States. The linguistic theme of the meeting was the syntax of West African languages, and a substantial portion of the papers presented were on this topic. In addition, there was for the first time at these meetings a symposium on the teaching of English, French and African languages in Africa. The papers of this symposium will be published in the forthcoming series of monographs planned as a supplement to the new Journal of West African Languages. The other papers are to appear in the Journal of African Languages edited by Jack Berry of the School of Oriental and African Studies.

Understanding breast cancer survivors’ financial burden and distress after financial assistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 4241-4248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Semin ◽  
David Palm ◽  
Lynette M. Smith ◽  
Sarah Ruttle
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Financial Assistance

A pilot study of a comprehensive financial navigation program in cancer patients and caregivers.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Jordan Steelquist ◽  
Kate Watabayashi ◽  
Karen Overstreet ◽  
Tony Leahy ◽  
Alan James Balch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Patient Advocate ◽  
Navigation Program ◽  
Medical Bills ◽  
The Impact

174 Background: Few studies have reported on interventions to alleviate financial toxicity (FT) in cancer patients (pts) and informal caregivers (cgs). We developed a financial navigation program in collaboration with Consumer Education and Training Services (CENTS), Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF), and Family Reach Foundation (FRF), to offer financial coaching, insurance navigation, and assistance with unpaid non-medical bills. We conducted a pilot study to assess feasibility of enrolling cgs with pts and to describe the assistance provided. Methods: Pts with any stage solid tumor actively receiving treatment (tx) at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance were asked to identify a cg who could participate. Pts or pt/cg dyads received an online financial education course and monthly contact for 6 months (mo) with CENTS and PAF. Subjects were referred to FRF for assistance in paying non-medical bills. We describe pt and cg characteristics, and assistance provided by the program. Results: Of 54 pts approached, 30 (median age 59.5, 61% white, 97% stage III/IV disease) were consented. Most pts (53%) had income ≤ $25,000, and all were insured (48% commercial, 28% Medicare, 21% Medicaid). 18 cgs (67% spouse/partner) were consented. At consent, 55% of pts reported debt in the prior 3 mo. Mean score using the COST PRO FT measure (range 0-44, lower score = higher FT) was 17.4 at baseline. After pts’ physical health, out-of-pocket costs were the most stressful aspects of tx for cgs. Cgs with high financial burden from caregiving more often reported taking on new debt, dipping into retirement accounts, or changing their jobs or hours. CENTS coaches assisted with budgeting, updating wills, and employment rights counsel. PAF case managers assisted with financial assistance for drugs, cost of living (e.g. transportation), disability applications, and secured $6,950 in debt relief. FRF dispersed $4,133, primarily for housing expenses. Conclusions: Implementing a financial navigation program that engages both pts and cgs is feasible. This lower income, financially stressed population received $11,000 in financial assistance. Future work will focus on evaluating the impact of this program on financial and psychosocial outcomes in pts and cgs.

scholarly journals Religious Involvement and Bridging Social Ties: The Role of Congregational Participation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Merino
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Service Attendance ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Congregational Participation ◽  
Service Attendance

Research indicates that religious communities are important sites for the development of social resources, including social capital. Several studies suggest that religious involvement beyond worship services is a meaningful predictor of civic engagement that may foster bridging social capital, or ties that bridge social groups and cross lines of status and identity. This article explores the relationship between religious involvement and bridging social ties. Using nationally representative survey data and a subsample of individuals who are affiliated with one particular congregation, the article examines how religious service attendance and congregational participation (beyond services) are associated with frequency of interaction with someone from one of nine different social groups that vary along dimensions of social status and identity. Congregational participation beyond services positively predicts contact with several of the groups. In contrast, service attendance is either negatively related or not at all significantly related to interaction with someone from each of these nine different social groups.

scholarly journals Hospitalization Expenditures and Out-Of-Pocket Expenses in Patients With Stroke in Northeast China, 2015–2017: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihua Ma ◽  
Gongman Deng ◽  
Zhaolin Meng ◽  
Huazhang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Heavy Financial Burden

Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide and the leading cause of death in China. It imposes a heavy financial burden on patients, especially for some social groups that are vulnerable to economic risks.Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively assess the magnitude of hospital and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs associated with stroke in Northeast China.Methods: Patients were selected via a multistage stratified cluster random sampling approach. We reviewed all patients’ records from 39 hospitals across six cities in Liaoning Province between 2015 and 2017. Cost characteristics of four major stroke types were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression analyses were employed to examine the determinants of hospitalization costs and OOP expenses.Results: A total of 138,757 patients were assessed for the medical costs. The mean hospitalization costs were $1,627, while the mean OOP expenses were $691, accounting for 42.5% of the total expenditures. Medication expenses were the largest contributor to hospitalization costs. The regression analysis suggested that age, length of stay (LOS), social identity, type of stroke, surgery, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, hospital level and hospital type were significantly correlated with hospitalization costs and OOP expenses.Conclusion: Stroke imposes a heavy financial burden on both patients and society in Liaoning Province, Northeast China. Results showed that there are some differences in the individual and social economic burden among different types of stroke. In addition, stroke patients share a high proportion of costs through OOP expenses, especially for poor social-economic status patients. Targeted intervention measures and specific policies are needed to reduce the individual and social economic burden of stroke as well as improve equity in health care among different social groups.

Health system stakeholder perceptions of financial assistance programs at a comprehensive cancer center.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (30_suppl) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
Jennifer Spencer ◽  
Michelle L. Manning ◽  
Donald L. Rosenstein ◽  
Cleo A. Samuel ◽  
Katherine Elizabeth Reeder-Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Support Resources

114 Background: Cancer-related financial burden is a growing problem that has been linked to psychosocial distress, treatment delays and non-adherence, and excess mortality risk. Comprehensive cancer centers often provide financial support resources to mitigate financial burden, but the scope of these services and the processes involved are poorly understood. We conducted an in-depth qualitative analysis of key health system stakeholders to understand these processes and identify areas for improvement. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 stakeholders involved in the financial assistance process at a public comprehensive cancer center. Interviews elicited descriptions of programs, perceived strengths and weakness, and the stakeholders' roles in helping patients obtain financial assistance. A codebook was developed inductively and interviews were coded in duplicate, with codes added as new themes emerged. Coded data were used to develop and revise a system-wide process map of financial support resources. Results: Stakeholders described numerous resources for financial assistance, both internal (e.g., Charity Care) and external (e.g., manufacturer assistance). Although participants described feeling pride at helping patients obtain assistance, numerous barriers were identified, including delays in processing applications, duplicative processes, insufficient time to address patients' concerns, lack of dedicated staff to address the complexity of navigating resources, and perception that existing resources are inadequate to meet patient needs. Conclusions: Processes required to obtain financial support for cancer patients often place a high administrative burden on patients who must proactively seek resources, understand complex eligibility criteria and complete multiple, often overlapping applications, even within comprehensive cancer center environments. Dedicated financial navigators may assist patients in accessing existing available resources, and health systems should consider moving beyond patient-activated pathways of access to financial support to avoid exacerbating disparities for the most vulnerable patients.

Guinea-Bissau’s Embalo will seek to centralise power

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
West African ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Peace Operation

Significance The end to the UN peace operation came almost three months after the departure of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Mission in Guinea Bissau (ECOMIB). The completion of both missions comes amid a tense political standoff between President Umaro Sissoco Embalo and the former ruling African Party for the Independence of Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC). Impacts Embalo’s heavy-handed approach could bring short-term stability but poses a long-term threat to a fragile political and security situation. Drug trafficking will remain a major challenge for the new administration, despite hard-line government commitments. Embalo is looking to regional allies to attract much-needed funds for his administration and provide technical and financial assistance.

scholarly journals In one’s own time: Contesting the temporality and linearity of bereavement

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kenny ◽  
Alex Broom ◽  
Emma Kirby ◽  
Damien Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Affective State ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Bereaved Family

This article explores the experience and meaning of time from the perspective of caregivers who have recently been bereaved following the death of a family member. The study is situated within the broader cultural tendency to understand bereavement within the logic of stages, including the perception of bereavement as a somewhat predictable and certainly time-delimited ascent from a nadir in death to a ‘new normal’ once loss is accepted. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with 15 bereaved family caregivers we challenge bereavement as a linear, temporally bound process, examining the multiple ways bereavement is experienced and how it variously resists ideas about the timeliness, desirability and even possibility of ‘recovery’. We posit, on the basis of these accounts, that the lived experience of bereavement offers considerable challenges to normative understandings of the social ties between the living and the dead and requires a broader reconceptualization of bereavement as an enduring affective state.

Health Equity in India: An Examination Through the Lens of Social Exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghmitra S. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
And Coping

To ensure health care access among the vulnerable and the poor is the prerogative of the State since the financial burden of curative care is higher among lower income groups, most of whom are Dalits. In the last 70 years, India has achieved considerable improvement in the health of its people. Nonetheless, the gap across social groups remains wide. There is evident association of low health status with poor, female gender, rural place of residence, tribal ethnicity, scheduled castes (SC) and specific minority groups. Therefore, the need is to revisit policy implementation regime and environment to ensure health equity. This article aims at explaining pertinent healthcare issues and challenges through select indicators of health, poverty, illness-induced expenditure and coping mechanisms across social groups.

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