Professionalizing Contingency: How Journalism Schools Adapt to Deprofessionalization

Social Forces ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1524-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Besbris ◽  
Caitlin Petre

AbstractMany professional labor markets are currently experiencing signs of deprofessionalization, including automation of tasks and increasingly unstable employment conditions. Drawing on the case of journalism schools, this article examines how these shifts affect professional education, which has historically been positioned as a means to avoiding precarious employment. How do professional schools cope with inimical disruptions to the labor markets for which they are training students? Based on 113 in-depth interviews with faculty, staff, and administrators from 44 U.S. journalism programs, we argue that journalism schools have sought to reframe labor market instability as an inevitable and even desirable aspect of journalistic practice and professional identity. They do this by dismantling boundaries, valorizing entrepreneurialism, and seeking to alter institutional practices to emphasize skills over abstract knowledge. Taken together, we call this professionalizing contingency. As labor market precarity continues to spread within expert and professional fields, our findings have implications for broader sociological understandings of professional education.

Author(s):  
И.Б. Пржиленская

cовременный рынок труда заинтересован в специалистах, обладающих транспрофессиональными компетенциями. В статье обосновывается необходимость ориентации на транспрофессионализм при разработке содержания профессионального образования специалистов в области культуры и образования; подчеркивается роль социально-гуманитарных знаний для их подготовки к работе в условиях синтеза и конвергенции профессиональных компетенций, принадлежащих к разным профессиональным областям; отмечается потребность в реализации транспрофессиональных моделей подготовки специалистов в сфере культуры и образования за счет совместных усилий представителей социономических профессий, педагогов, менеджеров, психологов, специалистов-практиков. the modern labor market is interested in specialists with trans-professional competencies. The article substantiates the need for orientation towards professionalism in the development of the content of professional education of specialists in the field of culture and education; emphasizes the role of social and humanitarian knowledge in preparing these specialists for work in the context of the synthesis and convergence of professional competencies belonging to different professional fields; there is a need for the implementation of trans-professional models of training specialists in the field of culture and education due to the joint efforts of representatives of socionomic professions, teachers, managers, psychologists, and practitioners.


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Francisca Das Chagas Silva Lima Silva Lima ◽  
Lucinete Marques Lima

 O artigo reflete sobre a Educação Profissional no Brasil pós LDB buscando apreender os princípios e concepções fundamentadoras dos instrumentos normativos e programáticos, suas relações, contradições ou sentidos. Utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. Considera que, nos últimos vinte anos, as políticas educacionais brasileiras aprofundam os vínculos com a lógica da reestruturação capitalista de produção e com a concepção de formação polivalente para uma estrutura de mercado de trabalho flexível, seletiva e excludente. As bases normativas da educação nacional, a partir da LDB 1996, incorporam influências desse modelo de acumulação flexível e respectivo referencial de formação por competência, e da doutrina neoliberal, no entanto, permanece a disputa e a contradição no debate acadêmico e práticas programáticas e institucionais com outras concepções de formação.Palavras-chave: Políticas educacionais. Educação profissional. Formação do trabalhador. PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN BRAZIL POST LDB 1996: contradictions and sensesAbstract: The article reflects on the Professional Education in Brazil post LDB seeking to grasp the principles and conceptions underlying normative and programmatic instruments, their relations, contradictions or senses. Bibliographical research and documentary analysis are used. It considers that, in the last twenty years, Brazilian educational policies have deepened the ties with the logic of capitalist restructuring of production and with the concept of multipurpose training for a flexible, selective and excluding labor market structure. The normative bases of national education, since LDB 1996, incorporate influences of this model of flexible accumulation and respective reference of training by competence, and of neoliberal doctrine, nevertheless, the dispute and the contradiction remain in the academic debate and programmatic and institutional practices With other conceptions of formation.Keywords: Educational policies. Professional education. Training of the worker LA EDUCACIÓN PROFESIONAL EN BRASIL TRAS LDB 1996: contradicciones y significadosResumen: En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la educación profesional en Brasil después de la LDB buscando entender los principios y conceptos fundamentadoras instrumentos normativos y programáticos, sus relaciones, contradicciones o sentidos. Utiliza la literatura y el documento de análisis. Se estima que, en los últimos veinte años, las políticas educativas de Brasil profundizan los lazos con la lógica de la reestructuración capitalista de la producción y el diseño de la formación polivalente para una estructura de mercado de trabajo flexible, selectiva y excluyente. Las bases normativas de la educación nacional, de LDB 1996 incorporan influencias de este modelo de acumulación flexible y su punto de referencia para la formación de competencia, y la doctrina neoliberal, sin embargo, sigue siendo la diferencia y contr adicción en el debate académico y prácticas programáticas e institucionales con otros conceptos de entrenamiento.Palabras clave: Políticas educativas. La educación profesional. Formación de los trabajadores.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Contreras Delgado

Resumen:Este artículo examina los fa c t o res internos y externos a una localidad que son copartícipes en la estructuración y reestructuración de su mercado de trabajo local. A partir de la revisión de la historia social y económica del lugar, se destaca su tránsito de enclave minero a lugar de residencia de mineros y trabajadores de maquiladoras. En este caso, se presenta la constitución de los mercados de trabajo locales como un resultado del encuentro de las condiciones del lugar de residencia de los trabajadores y el lugar donde se encuentra el centro de trabajo. De aquí que la movilidad laboral geográfica aparezca como una de las tácticas de los sujetos ante una situación de desempleo.Palabras clave: Mercado de trabajo, Minería, Maquiladoras, Mineros, Movilidad laboral, Desempleo.Abstract:This article examines the internal and external local factors shaping the structuring and restructuring of a local labor market. By reviewing the social and economic history of the community, this article underlines its transition from a mining setting to a residence place for miners and maquila workers. In this case, the constitution of local labor markets is presented as a result of the condition encounter of both workers residence place and the location of the work place. This is a reason explaining why geographical labor mobility comes to be an actor tactic to face unemployment.Key words: Labor market, Mining, Export-oriented industry, Miners, Labor mobility, Unemployment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110129
Author(s):  
Mark K. Meiselbach ◽  
Matthew D. Eisenberg ◽  
Ge Bai ◽  
Aditi Sen ◽  
Gerard F. Anderson

In concentrated labor markets, where workers have fewer employers to choose from, employers may exploit their monopsony power by contributing less to workers’ health benefits. This study examined if labor market concentration was associated with higher worker contributions to health plan premiums. We combined publicly available data from the Census to calculate labor market concentration and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance/Employer Component to determine premium contributions from 2010 to 2016 for metropolitan areas. After controlling for year fixed-effects and market characteristics, we found that higher labor market concentration was associated with higher worker contributions to health plan premiums, lower take-home income, and no change in employer contributions to premiums, consistent with the hypothesis that greater labor market concentration is associated with less generous health benefits. When evaluating the effects of mergers and acquisitions on labor markets, regulatory agencies should critically assess worker contributions to health insurance premiums.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7926
Author(s):  
Bharman Gulati ◽  
Stephan Weiler

This paper explores the role of local labor market dynamics on the survival of new businesses. The characteristics of the local labor market are likely to influence the survival of new businesses, the level of entrepreneurship, and the resilience of the regional economy. We apply portfolio theory to evaluate employment-based and income-based measures of risk-and-return trade-offs in local labor markets on new business survival in the United States. Our results show that volatility in local labor markets has a positive impact on new business survival, especially in Metropolitan Statistical Areas. The results are robust across different timeframes, including during economic downturns, thus highlighting the contribution of new businesses in developing the resilience of the local economy, and further promoting sustainable regional economic development.


Author(s):  
Katja Schuster ◽  
Anne Margarian

AbstractMotivated by discussions of skill mismatches on local German vocational educational and training (VET) markets, this paper analyses how occupational segments of VET entry of individuals with lower and intermediate secondary school degree relate to local labor market characteristics. The econometric analysis applies data from a survey conducted with 9th graders within the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Considering opportunity structures and the local competition for training positions, we find that the match between occupations' skill demands and individuals' abilities tends to be specifically close in diverse and competitive urban labor markets. In non-competitive peripheral labor markets, in contrast, graduates with lower school certificates seem to have a higher likelihood of entering VET in segments that are specifically attractive for graduates with upper secondary school degree. The results on the allocation of abilities and the weight of preferences under different labor market conditions have different welfare implications from an individual, regional and general economic perspective.


1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Heckman

The evidence on discrimination produced from the audit method is examined. Audits survey the average firm and not the marginal firm which determines the level of market discrimination. Taken on its own terms, there is little evidence of labor market discrimination from audit methods. The validity of audit methods is critically dependent on unverified assumptions about equality across race/gender groups of the distributions of unobserved (by audit designers) productivity components acted on by firms and about the way labor markets work. Audits can find discrimination when none exists and can disguise it when it does.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1147-1167
Author(s):  
Ensar Yılmaz

Abstract This paper aims to search links between market imperfections and functional income distribution. For this purpose we construct a two-sector model – wage goods and luxury goods producing sectors – incorporating imperfections of the product and labor markets under income inequality. In a structure with interdependent and partially monopolistic and competitive markets, we analytically trace up the effects of the changes in power relations proxied by the degree of mark-ups in the product and labor market. The model shows that price and wage mark-ups in two sectors have crucial income distribution implications for the agents in the economy to varying extents. It also demonstrates the effect of the existence of the differentiated consumption patterns arising from income inequality on income distribution. Furthermore, it seems that unemployment level creates externalities on wage rate and on corporate taxes of firms.


Author(s):  
A. N. Poletaykin ◽  
S. G. Sinitsa ◽  
L. F. Danilova ◽  
Y. V. Shevtsova ◽  
N. A. Dvurechenskaya

The article explores the task of making higher education more profession-oriented. In this context, we consider the technology of structuring and matching professional activities and content of professional education curricula with the help of ontology. This technology employs intelligent analysis of labor market and educational content matching with the aim to organize educational programs and verify professional competences based on their ontological properties. The article also considers development of a professional training cognitive map that can help design the student’s personalized educational trajectory factoring in the given parameters.


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