Growth and Wood Properties in a Carolina Sandhills Pine Seed Source Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Jett ◽  
W. M. Guiness
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Excellent Growth

Abstract Eight pine sources were planted on a sandhills site in South Carolina. Total height, dbh, wood specific gravity, tracheid length, and fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum [Berk.] Miyabe ex. Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection were evaluated following 17 growing seasons. The Choctawhatcheesource of sand pine (Pinus clausa [Chapm.] Vasey) is apparently well adapted to the deep sands of the Carolina sandhills and exhibited superior height and diameter growth to slash pine, two local sources of loblolly pine (P. taeda L.), and two sources of Virginia pine (P. virginiana Mill.). A combination of excellent growth and reasonable survival resulted in significantly more cubic foot volume per acre than the other seed sources or species included in this study. Despite having the lowest weighted specific gravity of all sources in this planting, the Choctawhatchee sand pineproduced more than twice as much dry weight per acre than any other source. A single open-pollinated family of drought-hardy loblolly pine from Bastrop County, TX, displayed excellent growth, survival, rust resistance, and wood quality. Its performance warrants a more careful and wider evaluationof this seed source for use on these difficult sandhills sites in the Carolinas. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):164-169

Nutrient Content of the Aboveground Tissue of 12-week-old Loblolly Pine Intraprovenance and Interprovenance Crosses

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Woessner ◽  
C. B. Davey ◽  
B. E. Crabtree ◽  
J. D. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Good Linear ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg) of the aboveground tissue of a series of full-sib loblolly crosses was found to vary by genotype. Variability among and within seed sources is indicated for the ability to absorb Ca and Mg. Absorption of P and K was not found to be dependent on seed source, but the full-sib crosses differ. Good linear relationships were found between plant dry weight and weight of element but not between plant dry weight and percentage of element. Certain highly efficient crosses can be expected to be good producers of dry matter on sites low in available nutrients.

The effect of genotype on biomass and nutrient content in 11-year-old loblolly pine plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Hilly Region

Dry weights and nutrient contents of all aboveground biomass components were estimated for four seed sources of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) grown in plantations of the same spacing on an old-field site of high quality in the hilly region of north-central Arkansas, U.S.A. Soil nutrient content was estimated to a depth of 0.61 m. Stand data averaged over all seeds sources are in agreement with published reports for dry weight and nutrient accumulation for loblolly pine if differences associated with seasonal variation are considered. Seed source significantly affected total dry matter and nutrient accumulations. Estimated total aboveground mean annual accumulation of biomass for the four seed sources ranged from 5.99 × 103 to 11.17 × 103 kg/ha per year. Elemental accumulation (kilograms per hectare per year) ranged from 14.06 to 23.66 for N, 1.54 to 3.45 for P, and 6.96 to 18.43 for K. On the average, trees comprise 84% of the aboveground plant biomass and contain 76% of the N, 77% of the P, and 90%, of the K associated with plant tissue. The significant influence of seed source on these stand values can affect the potential impact of short rotation, total tree harvesting on long-term site productivity. The elemental content of the tree biomass ranged from 7 to 11% of the total N, 20 to 35% of the P, and 14 to 30% of the K in the soil–litter–plant system.

scholarly journals Planting Nonlocal Seed Sources of Loblolly Pine – Managing Benefits and Risks

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clem Lambeth ◽  
Steve McKeand ◽  
Randy Rousseau ◽  
Ron Schmidtling
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Genetic Strategies

Abstract Seed source testing of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), which began in the 1920s, has allowed large realized genetic gains from using nonlocal seed sources in operational plantations. Seed source testing continues, and deployment guidelines are still being refined. Some general effects of seed source movement can be described, but there are still gaps in (1) understanding exactly how far certain seed sources can be moved, (2) the degree of risk involved, and (3) how certain traits such as wood quality vary by seed source, especially with seed source movement. In some cases, seed source movement gains can be achieved with little risk; for example, planting Livingston Parish, Louisiana material for rust resistance in more easterly Gulf Coastal areas. Also, movement of seed sources one plant hardiness zone north can result in increased growth with little concern for winter damage. Big gains in growth, however, from using nonlocal seed sources may come at significant risk. Two industrial examples of planting nonlocal seed sources and how risks were managed are covered: (1) South-to-north movement: MeadWestvaco's use of loblolly pine north of the native range in Kentucky and surrounding areas, and (2) East-to-west movement: Weyerhaeuser's use of North Carolina coastal plain families in southern Arkansas and southeast Oklahoma. To deal with the significant risks of seed source movements, one must be aware of the risk factors, understand historical climatic data (are the risks high or low within a typical harvest rotation period), and have silvicultural and genetic strategies to mitigate or reduce risk. Possible genetic strategies include thorough testing and allocation of orchard families of the nonlocal seed source, development of a “land race” (breeding and testing for local adaptation of the nonlocal seed source), interprovenance hybrids, and interspecific hybrids. Examples of these are discussed in this article. South. J. Appl. For. 29(2):96–104.

Loblolly Pine Seed Sources Differ in Susceptibility to the Southern Pine Beetle in South Carolina

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Powers ◽  
R. P. Belanger ◽  
W. D. Pepper ◽  
F. L. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract In a planting near Aiken, SC, loblolly pine saplings from an eastern seed source were significantly more susceptible to the southern pine beetle (SPB) than were loblolly saplings from western seed sources. Two eastern sources of slash pine also resisted beetle attack. Study plots wereoriginally established to evaluate disease resistance and growth of fusiform rust resistant and susceptible seed lots. There was no relationship between stand characteristics or rust infection patterns and SPB damage. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):169-174

Analysis of a Virginia Pine Seed Source Trial in the Interior South

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
John Talbert ◽  
Gordon White ◽  
Charles Webb
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
South Central ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In a comparison of three diverse seed sources of improved Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) planted at two locations in north Alabama and south-central Tennessee, only stem straightness differences were statistically significant at six years of age. Families and seed sources tended to maintain the same ranking relative to each other at both locations. A majority of families performed significantly better than a Virginia pine commercial check lot, indicating substantial improvement in growth and straightness characteristics in one generation of selection. Two improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchard mixes from the South Carolina Piedmont showed a 27-percent height advantage over the Virginia pine at age 6.

Effect of midrotation fertilization on growth and specific gravity of loblolly pine

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finto Antony ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Richard F. Daniels ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Alexander Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Property Changes

Wood properties and growth were measured on breast-height cores and on disks collected at different heights from a thinned and fertilized midrotation loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The study was laid out in a randomized complete-block design receiving four levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer: unfertilized control and 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha plus 28 kg/ha of phosphorus with each treatment. The effect of fertilization was analyzed for the whole-disk and for a 4 year average following fertilization on data collected from breast-height cores and from disks. The fertilization treatments did not significantly affect whole-disk wood properties but significantly increased radial growth. Fertilization rate of 336 kg/ha N significantly reduced 4 year average ring specific gravity and latewood specific gravity. Wood properties of trees that received 112 and 224 kg/ha N were not affected following treatment. There was no height related trend in wood property changes due to fertilization. Fertilization significantly increased ring basal area and earlywood basal area. In summary, there was a decline in wood properties and an increase in basal area growth immediately after fertilization; both depended on the rate of fertilizer applied irrespective of height.

Growth responses of field-grown loblolly pine to chronic doses of ozone during multiple growing seasons

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Shafer ◽  
A. S. Heagle
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Ambient Levels

Dose–response relationships were developed for ozone and four full-sib families of Pinustaeda L. Seedlings were planted in field plots in open-top chambers near Raleigh, North Carolina, and exposed daily during three growing seasons (1985, 1986, and 1987) to ozone at concentrations from 0.022 to 0.092 μL/L of air (seasonal mean concentrations for the daily exposure period 08:00 to 20:00 eastern standard time). Plants were harvested on five dates during the study to quantify effects of ozone on growth. Ozone suppressed stem height, root collar diameter, total branch length, and (or) dry weights of above-ground parts of plants in three families, but response to ozone depended upon dose, family, and the plant part measured. One family exposed during 1985 and 1986 did not exhibit significant growth responses to ozone. The family that exhibited the greatest growth suppression in 1985 and 1986 was exposed during the 3rd year, and ozone continued to reduce growth. Suppression of root dry weight was observed after three seasons of exposure. Root collar diameter and dry weight of stem + branches (without needles) may be the most useful measurements of growth response in multiple-year experiments. Dose–response models predicted that ambient levels of ozone could reduce growth relative to the growth predicted for chronic exposure to half-ambient levels (charcoal-filtered air). For aboveground woody tissue, this suppression ranged from 0 to 19% among the four families after two seasons of exposure and was 13% for the most sensitive family after three seasons.

Initial Pinustaeda seedling height relationships with early survival and growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tuttle ◽  
D. B. South ◽  
M. S. Golden ◽  
R. S. Meldahl
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Survival And Growth

Initial planting height of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings from several nurseries and seed sources was related to survival and height growth on "good" and "poor" planting chances in Alabama. A planting chance was classified as poor if 2-year survival was less than 75% and total 2-year height growth was less than 75 cm. Seedling height (measured immediately following planting) was negatively related to survival, and the slope of the regression was four times greater when the planting chance was classified as poor than when it was classified as good. Initial height was also negatively related to 2-year height growth on poor planting chances, with shorter seedlings at planting reaching the same total height as taller ones after two seasons. As a result, initial field height on poor planting chances had little impact on total seedling height after two growing seasons. Therefore, there was no height growth advantage gained by planting seedlings taller than 20 cm when survival was less than 75%. Planting seedlings with heights of 20–34 cm was less of a problem when the planting chance was good. The use of shorter seedlings on planting chances where low survival may be expected may significantly increase loblolly pine seedling survival in the southern United States.

Conifer wood quality and marker-aided selection: a case study

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire G. Williams ◽  
David B. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Conifer Wood

Using marker-aided selection for improving wood specific gravity in loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) could shorten the generation interval and improve selection response. A genetic map with restriction fragment length polymorphisms and other markers is in progress using a pedigree suited to mapping genes for specific gravity. Mapping quantitative trait loci for specific gravity provides a prototype for demonstrating benefits of marker-aided selection and for testing hypotheses on the mode of gene action in forest tree species. Ultimately, the utility of marker-aided selection must be compared with phenotype-based selection in small specialty populations.

Performance of Unthinned Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations on Three Sites in South Carolina

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
D. H. Van Lear ◽  
N. B. Goebel ◽  
J. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Region Growth

Abstract The performance of adjacent unthinned plantations of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm.) on three sites in South Carolina was evaluated after 16 growing seasons. Sites ranged from a noneroded Piedmont soil to an excessively drained sandy soil of the Sandhills physiographic region. Growth and survival varied widely among sites, with greatest productivity occurring in the Piedmont and the lowest in the Congaree Sandhills. Despite the droughty nature of the latter site, survival after 16 growing seasons was over 80 percent for both species. On a volume basis, loblolly pine outperformed slash pine at the upper Pidemont and Aiken Plateau sites, while slash pine was superior on the dry Sandhills site. Incidence of fusiform rust was much higher for both species at the Aiken Plateau than at the other sites.

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