scholarly journals Planting Nonlocal Seed Sources of Loblolly Pine – Managing Benefits and Risks

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clem Lambeth ◽  
Steve McKeand ◽  
Randy Rousseau ◽  
Ron Schmidtling
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Genetic Strategies

Abstract Seed source testing of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), which began in the 1920s, has allowed large realized genetic gains from using nonlocal seed sources in operational plantations. Seed source testing continues, and deployment guidelines are still being refined. Some general effects of seed source movement can be described, but there are still gaps in (1) understanding exactly how far certain seed sources can be moved, (2) the degree of risk involved, and (3) how certain traits such as wood quality vary by seed source, especially with seed source movement. In some cases, seed source movement gains can be achieved with little risk; for example, planting Livingston Parish, Louisiana material for rust resistance in more easterly Gulf Coastal areas. Also, movement of seed sources one plant hardiness zone north can result in increased growth with little concern for winter damage. Big gains in growth, however, from using nonlocal seed sources may come at significant risk. Two industrial examples of planting nonlocal seed sources and how risks were managed are covered: (1) South-to-north movement: MeadWestvaco's use of loblolly pine north of the native range in Kentucky and surrounding areas, and (2) East-to-west movement: Weyerhaeuser's use of North Carolina coastal plain families in southern Arkansas and southeast Oklahoma. To deal with the significant risks of seed source movements, one must be aware of the risk factors, understand historical climatic data (are the risks high or low within a typical harvest rotation period), and have silvicultural and genetic strategies to mitigate or reduce risk. Possible genetic strategies include thorough testing and allocation of orchard families of the nonlocal seed source, development of a “land race” (breeding and testing for local adaptation of the nonlocal seed source), interprovenance hybrids, and interspecific hybrids. Examples of these are discussed in this article. South. J. Appl. For. 29(2):96–104.

Growth and Wood Properties in a Carolina Sandhills Pine Seed Source Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Jett ◽  
W. M. Guiness
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Excellent Growth

Abstract Eight pine sources were planted on a sandhills site in South Carolina. Total height, dbh, wood specific gravity, tracheid length, and fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum [Berk.] Miyabe ex. Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection were evaluated following 17 growing seasons. The Choctawhatcheesource of sand pine (Pinus clausa [Chapm.] Vasey) is apparently well adapted to the deep sands of the Carolina sandhills and exhibited superior height and diameter growth to slash pine, two local sources of loblolly pine (P. taeda L.), and two sources of Virginia pine (P. virginiana Mill.). A combination of excellent growth and reasonable survival resulted in significantly more cubic foot volume per acre than the other seed sources or species included in this study. Despite having the lowest weighted specific gravity of all sources in this planting, the Choctawhatchee sand pineproduced more than twice as much dry weight per acre than any other source. A single open-pollinated family of drought-hardy loblolly pine from Bastrop County, TX, displayed excellent growth, survival, rust resistance, and wood quality. Its performance warrants a more careful and wider evaluationof this seed source for use on these difficult sandhills sites in the Carolinas. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):164-169

Nutrient Content of the Aboveground Tissue of 12-week-old Loblolly Pine Intraprovenance and Interprovenance Crosses

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Woessner ◽  
C. B. Davey ◽  
B. E. Crabtree ◽  
J. D. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Good Linear ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg) of the aboveground tissue of a series of full-sib loblolly crosses was found to vary by genotype. Variability among and within seed sources is indicated for the ability to absorb Ca and Mg. Absorption of P and K was not found to be dependent on seed source, but the full-sib crosses differ. Good linear relationships were found between plant dry weight and weight of element but not between plant dry weight and percentage of element. Certain highly efficient crosses can be expected to be good producers of dry matter on sites low in available nutrients.

The effect of genotype on biomass and nutrient content in 11-year-old loblolly pine plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Hilly Region

Dry weights and nutrient contents of all aboveground biomass components were estimated for four seed sources of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) grown in plantations of the same spacing on an old-field site of high quality in the hilly region of north-central Arkansas, U.S.A. Soil nutrient content was estimated to a depth of 0.61 m. Stand data averaged over all seeds sources are in agreement with published reports for dry weight and nutrient accumulation for loblolly pine if differences associated with seasonal variation are considered. Seed source significantly affected total dry matter and nutrient accumulations. Estimated total aboveground mean annual accumulation of biomass for the four seed sources ranged from 5.99 × 103 to 11.17 × 103 kg/ha per year. Elemental accumulation (kilograms per hectare per year) ranged from 14.06 to 23.66 for N, 1.54 to 3.45 for P, and 6.96 to 18.43 for K. On the average, trees comprise 84% of the aboveground plant biomass and contain 76% of the N, 77% of the P, and 90%, of the K associated with plant tissue. The significant influence of seed source on these stand values can affect the potential impact of short rotation, total tree harvesting on long-term site productivity. The elemental content of the tree biomass ranged from 7 to 11% of the total N, 20 to 35% of the P, and 14 to 30% of the K in the soil–litter–plant system.

Retrospective shoot growth analysis for three seed sources of loblolly pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Height growth by year and by individual cycle on the terminal shoot was reconstructed from stem analysis for 45 loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees that were 35 years old. Sample trees represented three seed sources (Clark County, AR; Livingston Parish, LA; and Onslow County, NC), each of which had been planted at three installations (Arkadelphia, AR; Poplarville, MS; and New Bern, NC) located in the general geographic area where one of the seed sources had been collected. Stem analysis was facilitated by the development of a staining technique that enhanced recognition of the boundaries between individual height-growth cycles and between years. Both annual height growth and number of cycles produced varied with tree age, seed source, and installation. Number of cycles produced per year ranged from two to seven; maximum annual production of cycles per seed source was achieved between ages 3 and 10 years. Even between ages 30 and 35, trees still exhibited polycyclic behavior, producing two to five cycles annually. Annual height growth was greatest between ages 4 and 15; height growth declined with age more rapidly than annual number of cycles. The relationship at each installation between cumulative height and cumulative number of cycles showed that the tallest seed source (Onslow in all cases) was the one that had produced the greatest number of cycles. Shorter trees at the poorest site resulted from lower numbers of cycles produced and, particularly after the production of 50 to 65 cycles, shorter mean cycle length. For all three seed sources, mean height was greatest at the installation where the trees produced the most cycles. Height-growth curves for two of the installations crossed, demonstrating differences in height-growth patterns related to site characteristics.

Mean stem size and total volume development of various loblolly pine seed sources planted at one location

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Buford
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Source Study ◽  
Number Of Stems

Data from one location of the loblolly phase of the Southwide Pine Seed Source Study were analyzed to determine the effect of seed source on the self-thinning trajectory for loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.). Stand trajectories for mean stem size and total volume were examined. Seed source affected the level of both the mean stem size and total volume per unit area trajectories. The rate of change of mean stem size and of total volume per unit decrease in number of stems did not appear to be affected by seed source. The levels of the stand trajectories for total volume per unit area were positively correlated with the site indexes of the seed sources at this location. These results indicate that site productivity of loblolly pine, measured by total volume production per unit area and mean stem volume, varies by seed source.

Texas and Louisiana Lobolly Pine Study Confirms Importance of Local Seed Sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest M. Long
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Nonlocal Sources ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract On four Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planting sites in Texas and Louisiana local seed sources produced an average of 20 percent more volume than nonlocal sources after 20 years. Trees from nonlocal seed sources tended to have more variation in volume production between plantations than trees from local seed sources. Growth data from these plantations indicate that seed source determines to a great extent how biologically and economically successful a plantation will be.

scholarly journals Relationships among Diameter at Breast Height and Loblolly Pine Attributes from Local and Nonlocal Seed Sources near the Western Edge of the Natural Range of Loblolly Pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Rodney E. Will ◽  
Thomas C. Hennessey ◽  
Robert A. Heinemann ◽  
Randal T. Holeman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Range

Abstract Individual loblolly pine sample trees planted in 1983 as part of a seed source and density study on Carter Mountain near Broken Bow, Oklahoma, were used to investigate the effects of seed source and density on the relationships between dbh, height, crown length, and individual tree volume. The study site is a rocky, mountain soil near but outside the western boundary of the loblolly pine natural range in Oklahoma. North Carolina coastal and Oklahoma–Arkansas seed sources were planted at 4 × 4-, 6 × 6-, 8 × 8-, and 10 ×10-ft spacings. Individual tree measurements were available at plantation ages 17, 18, 19, 22, and 25 years. The dbh of sample trees ranged from 4 to 13 in., and heights ranged from approximately 30 to 70 ft. Regression relationships between individual tree dbh and height indicated a significant difference due to seed source, with the North Carolina source being approximately 7% taller across the dbh range in these data. This indicates that the North Carolina seed source is taller for a given dbh even at the extreme western edge of the loblolly natural range. The average dbh-height relationship also was significantly affected by density, but the North Carolina seed source was taller on average per given dbh for all densities. In addition to being taller for a given dbh, the North Carolina had a longer live crown and more cubic stem content than the Oklahoma–Arkansas seed source.

Silver Maple Seed Sources for Increased Biomass Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kopp ◽  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
South Central ◽  
Maple Seed

Abstract Silver maple shows promise for use in short-rotation intensive culture energy plantings. A seed source study composed of trees from 26 midwest locations was established in south-central Nebraska in 1979 to determine where silver maple seed should be collected for use in the central Great Plains. Trees were evaluated for survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems per tree during their seventh growing season. Sources from eastern Nebraska, western Iowa, eastern Kansas, and northwest Missouri generally exhibited the greatest survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems. Height growth appears to be under stronger genetic control than stem number, suggesting that selection for height should take priority when selecting trees for biomass production. Geographic trends related to survival and height growth, but not stem number, were observed. Environmental or geographic factors that are strong predictors of seed source performance could not be identified. Planting the most locally produced seed is advisable for the central Plains. North. J. Appl. For. 5:180-184, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Diurnal Characteristics of Trapped Mountain Waves over the Foothills of Western Nepal Himalaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Ram P. Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Mountain Waves ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Wrf Modeling ◽  
The Waves

Late wintertime diurnal variation and spatial distribution of mountain wave excitations over the Mt. Devchuli range and its surrounding areas have been numerically simulated with the application of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Modeling System. The study reveals that the region holds low-level trapped mountain waves almost all the time. The waves are confined below the stratified layer at about 3km above the mean sea level. Wave excitation over the region is highly active during the afternoon time whereas it remains at minimum level during the late morning time. These waves pose significant risk for low-level aviation and parachuting activities.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 102-106

scholarly journals Performance of Green Ash Seed Sources at Four Locations in the Great Plains Region

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
Keith D. Lynch ◽  
John Row ◽  
Peter Schaeffer ◽  
Walter Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Ash Trees

Abstract Green ash trees from 10 seed sources were planted in a test in 1961 in four states of the Great Plains Region. After more than 20 years, height growth indicates a strong interaction between seed source and plantation location. Larger trees were from southerly sources within about three degrees of latitude of the plantation site. Beyond those limits, cold injury may result. Height and dbh age-age correlations were highly significant at 8 and 20+ years. Height and dbh correlated negatively with a decrease in latitude. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):54–58.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document