scholarly journals 240 Habitual Sleep Changes Following COVID-19 Outbreak

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A96-A96
Author(s):  
Shuli Eyal ◽  
Yuval Altman ◽  
Anda Baharav
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Good Sleep ◽  
Sleep Satisfaction

Abstract Introduction The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic emerges as one of the most impressive and strenuous events of the century, with unthinkably huge global effects. We aimed at analyzing if and how does the pandemic affect sleep and related behaviors. Methods We reviewed 48,047 nights recorded in the US with the Sleeprate application by 3,381 users during a period of 2 years, December 2018-November 2020. Nightly data included perceived and measured sleep parameters. In addition, users reported their perceived daytime stress and sleepiness. We analyzed the monthly variability of the studied parameters and compared their values during the COVID-19 period of March-November 2020 (CP) with those in the previous corresponding period in 2019, the pre-COVID-19 period (PCP). Results Starting March 2020, wake-up time (WUT) was significantly delayed relative to PCP. WUT in April 2020 was the latest (8:06AM±2:12hours, mean±SD, p<.000), being an hour later than in April 2019. This delay started to diminish in June 2020, reaching 7:27AM±2:10 hours by November 2020, which was not significantly higher than during PCP. Bedtime (BT) exhibited similar behavior, yet it returned to PCP times faster. Delayed BT and WUT on weekends were observed during CP as well as PCP. No consistent differences in sleep duration or sleep efficiency were detected between CP and PCP. Subjective sleep satisfaction was higher in CP relative to PCP. However, daytime sleepiness and daytime stress were also higher during most of CP compared to PCP. Conclusion Our data, based on digital in-app sleep diaries coupled with perceived sleep parameters, demonstrate the pandemic’s effects on sleep behavior in the US. Users in this study adapted to the new circumstances with delayed sleep schedule, while not reducing the sleep opportunity. The higher sleep satisfaction may be connected to later sleep schedules, allowing a wake-up time that fits better human biological clocks. The reported increased stress and sleepiness further portray the uncertainty and turbulence characterizing the pandemic’s effects on populations life during the pandemic. As good sleep is linked with immune response efficacy, higher quality of life, and improved mood, the importance of sleep must not be overlooked, especially during the pandemic. Support (if any):

Exposure to microwave radiation has no impact on the global sleep quality of people living in the vicinity of base transceiver stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
Margaret Messiah Singh ◽  
Priyanka Chandel ◽  
Atanu Kumar Pati ◽  
Arti Parganiha
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Anal Ysis ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Base Transceiver Station ◽  
Good Sleep

Occupational exposure to microwave radiation (MWR) has become an inevi-table part of life. Therefore, it is essential to assess the MWR effect on hu-man health. In this study, we examined the non-thermal effect of MWR from base transceiver station (BTS) on humans' sleep quality. Total 1150 partici-pants of different zones based on distance from BTS (145 from inter-tower/zone A; 256 from 0-150m/zone B; 241 from 150-300m/zone C, 381 from 300-500m/zone D), and 127 controls from the area without BTS installations were included. We recorded the electric field strength at the subject’s resi-dence using NBM-550 equipped with probe EF0-391. We assessed the sub-jects' sleep quality by administering the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Ques-tionnaire. ANOVA revealed statistically significantly higher electric-field strength in zone B and zone A. Participants of all the groups exhibited a glob-al PSQI score less than the accepted median score of <5. This implies that subjects of all groups had good sleep quality. However, a more detailed anal-ysis using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that the participants of exposed zones (except zone D), females, and residents of the 1-5y group had decreased sleep quality compared to control, males, and subjects of >5y group, respectively. From the above findings, it can be con-cluded that the MWR had little effect on the sleep quality, but it does modu-late sleep parameters within the accepted range of good sleep quality as a function of the zone, gender, and year of residence. However, extensive studies involving more BTS are desirable to validate the above conclusion.

Circadian Disorders, Insomnia, and Parasomnias

2021 ◽  
pp. 1208-1216
Author(s):  
Brynn K. Dredla ◽  
Vichaya Arunthari
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Circadian rhythm disorders have misalignment between the desired sleep schedule and the circadian (24-hour) sleep-wake rhythm. Many persons experience this misalignment with jet lag. Other common circadian rhythm disorders include delayed sleep-phase disorder, advanced sleep-phase disorder, and shift-work sleep disorder. Insomnia is one of the most common medical concerns, and its prevalence increases with age. Patients may have difficulty initiating sleep or maintaining sleep and generally have a poor quality of sleep. Causes of insomnia are multifactorial.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep Disturbance among Liver Diseases in Long-Term Transplant Survivors

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamatha Bhat ◽  
Jonathan M Wyse ◽  
Erica Moodie ◽  
Peter Ghali ◽  
Nir Hilzenrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Sleep Satisfaction

BACKGROUND: Patients with cirrhosis are known to experience sleep disturbance, which negatively impacts health-related quality of life.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and predictors of sleep disturbance before and after liver transplantation (LT).METHODS: Both pre- and post-LT patients were administered the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire. The primary outcome was overall sleep satisfaction; the secondary outcomes were sleep latency and sleep duration.RESULTS: Eighty-three patients participated pre-LT and 273 post-LT. Overall, participants having completed both pre- and post-LT questionnaires reported satisfactory sleep 61% of the time before LT and 65% of the time after LT. However, on review of all questionnaires, patients with alcoholic liver disease (ETOH) experienced dramatically less sleep disturbance (OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.03 to 0.60]) post-LT, whereas those with hepatitis C remained without improvement (OR 0.90 [95% CI [0.38 to 2.15]). On logistic regression, patients with ETOH had statistically less sleep satisfaction pre-LT (OR 5.8 [95% CI 1.0 to 40.5]) and significantly better sleep satisfaction post-LT (OR 0.50 [95% CI 0.20 to 1.00]) compared with those with hepatitis C. In addition, both ETOH and other conditions had significantly better sleep latency than hepatitis C patients.CONCLUSIONS: Sleep parameters for patients who undergo LT for hepatitis C do not improve following LT as much as they do in patients transplanted for ETOH. Following LT, patients transplanted for ETOH are significantly more satisfied with their sleep than those transplanted for hepatitis C. Physicians should address and manage sleep quality after LT, so as to ultimately improve quality of life.

Feasibility and Clinical Implications of Remotely Guided Ultrasound Examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Quinn Dufurrena ◽  
Kazi Imran Ullah ◽  
Erin Taub ◽  
Connor Leszczuk ◽  
Sahar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Regional Wall Motion ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities ◽  
Wall Motion Abnormalities

BACKGROUND: Remotely guided ultrasound (US) examinations carried out by nonmedical personnel (novices) have been shown to produce clinically useful examinations, at least in small pilot studies. Comparison of the quality of such exams to those carried out by trained medical professionals is lacking in the literature. This study compared the objective quality and clinical utility of cardiac and pulmonary US examinations carried out by novices and trained physicians.METHODS: Cardiac and pulmonary US examinations were carried out by novices under remote guidance by an US expert and independently by US trained physicians. Exams were blindly evaluated by US experts for both a task-based objective score as well as a subjective assessment of clinical utility.RESULTS: Participating in the study were 16 novices and 9 physicians. Novices took longer to complete the US exams (median 641.5 s vs. 256 s). For the objective component, novices scored higher in exams evaluating for pneumothorax (100% vs. 87.5%). For the subjective component, novices more often obtained clinically useful exams in the assessment of cardiac regional wall motion abnormalities (56.3% vs. 11.1%). No other comparisons yielded statistically significant differences between the two groups. Both groups had generally higher scores for pulmonary examinations compared to cardiac. There was variability in the quality of exams carried out by novices depending on their expert guide.CONCLUSION: Remotely guided novices are able to carry out cardiac and pulmonary US examinations with similar, if not better, technical proficiency and clinical utility as US trained physicians, though they take longer to do so.Dufurrena Q, Ullah KI, Taub E, Leszczuk C, Ahmad S. Feasibility and clinical implications of remotely guided ultrasound examinations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):592–596.

Neuro-Optometric Treatment of Complications from a Cerebellar Astrocytoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 304-312
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytomas ◽  
The Us ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
The Brain

Background: Insult to the brain, whether from trauma or other etiologies, can have a devastating effect on an individual. Symptoms can be many and varied, depending on the location and extent of damage. This presentation can be a challenge to the optometrist charged with treating the sequelae of this event as multiple functional components of the visual system can be affected. Case Report: This paper describes the diagnosis and subsequent ophthalmic management of an acquired brain injury in a 22 year old male on active duty in the US Army. After developing acute neurological symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with a pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellum. Emergent neurosurgery to treat the neoplasm resulted in iatrogenic cranial nerve palsies and a hemispheric syndrome. Over the next 18 months, he was managed by a series of providers, including a strabismus surgeon, until presenting to our clinic. Lenses, prism, and in-office and out-of-office neurooptometric rehabilitation therapy were utilized to improve his functioning and make progress towards his goals. Conclusions: Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and the vast majority are benign with excellent surgical prognosis. Although the most common site is the cerebellum, the visual pathway is also frequently affected. If the eye or visual system is affected, optometrists have the ability to drastically improve quality of life with neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

La evaluación del interprofesionalismo en la educación basada en simulación

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (0) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Laura Silvia Hernández Gutiérrez ◽  
Angélica García-Gómez ◽  
Argimira Vianey Barona Nuñez ◽  
Erick López Léon
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
Improvement Strategies

The education based on simulation is an educationalstrategy where students learn from their errors, developing skills, knowledge, competences,etc. in a controlled environment. During the process of teaching by simulation, it is necessaryto execute various types of assessments (diagnostic, summative, formative) in order tomake adjustments or changes in the educational process of the students, therefore identifying areas of opportunity for improvement. With the simulation, different processes can be taught, like interprofessionalism and collaborative work. Nowadays, there is a major concern for added safety and the quality of care for the patients and their families. Therefore, a WHO study group determined the basic interprofessional competences, and has been given the task of disseminating and promoting interprofessional education. Some educational institutions in the US, Canada and Europe have integrated interprofessional and collaborative work in simulation practices. All the activity by simulation must be evaluated in order to provide feedback to the participants and establish improvement strategies. The assessment of the interprofessional work focuses on the evaluation of common skills and competencies among various health professionals.

Precarious Work and Young Workers in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne L. Kalleberg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
And Training

This chapter discusses how the growth of precarious work and the polarization of the US labor market have produced major problems for the employment experiences of young workers. A prominent indicator of young workers’ difficulties in the labor market has been the sharp increase in their unemployment rates since the Great Recession. Another, equally if not more severe, problem faced by young workers today is the relatively low quality of the jobs that they were able to get. Other problems include the exclusion of young workers from the labor market and from education and training opportunities; the inability to find jobs that utilize their education, training, and skills; and the inability to obtain jobs that provide them with an opportunity to get a foothold in a career that would lead to progressively better jobs and thus be able to construct career narratives.

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