scholarly journals Body weight and sex effects on digesta mean retention time in growing Saanen goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-900
Author(s):  
Marcelo Gindri ◽  
Rafael Fernandes Leite ◽  
Carla Joice Härter ◽  
Simone Pedro da Silva ◽  
Normand St-Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract Despite the important role of digesta mean retention time (MRT) on digestive efficiency of ruminants, it is poorly investigated in total gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of growing ruminants, especially in goats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight (BW) and sex on GIT MRT of particles and solutes in growing Saanen goats. A dataset from two studies, comprising 103 individual records of castrated males (n = 36), females (n = 34), and intact males (n = 33) Saanen goats slaughtered at 15, 22, 30, 37, and 45 kg BW, was used. Goats were fed basically with total mixed ration composed by dehydrated corn plant (Zea mays) milled to pass a 10-mm screen, cracked corn grain, and soybean (Glycine max) meal. Variables evaluated were BW, feed intake, feed intake level, composition of ingested diet, wet weight of GIT tissues, wet digesta pool size, digesta composition (dry matter and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]), indigestible NDF:NDF ratio of ingested diet and GIT digesta, MRT of particles (MRTiNDF) and solutes (MRTCr), and reticulorumen selectivity factors (large particles/solutes). Reticulorumen, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, cecum, and colon–rectum segments were evaluated. The dataset was analyzed as mixed models considering sex, BW, and sex × BW interaction as fixed effects, and study and residual error as random effects. Sex did not affect MRTiNDF in any GIT segments. Females and intact males presented similar reticulorumen MRTCr (5.6 h; P = 0.92) and they presented lower reticulorumen MRTCr than castrated males (7.0; P ≤ 0.04). Total GIT MRTCr was similar between castrated males and females (15.7 h; P = 0.11) and between females and intact males (14.2 h; P = 0.76). Body weight (BW) did not affect MRTiNDF in reticulorumen and colon–rectum and total GIT MRTCr (P ≥ 0.11). Reticulorumen and omasum MRTCr increased as BW increased (P < 0.01), and abomasum MRTCr decreased as BW increased (P = 0.02). Feed intake, and wet tissues and wet pool size of all GIT segments increased as BW increased, except abomasum wet pool size (P ≤ 0.01). The mechanism related to sex effect on MRT has to be elucidated. Reticulorumen MRTiNDF and total GIT MRTCr were modulated by intake and capacity of reticulorumen and GIT, respectively. On the other hand, reticulorumen MRTCr seemed to be regulated by reticulo-omasal orifice opening and saliva secretion.

scholarly journals PSVIII-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Estimating genetic parameters of feed efficiency traits in American mink

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
Pourya Davoudi ◽  
Duy Ngoc Do ◽  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Siavash Salek Ardestani ◽  
Younes Miar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Feed cost is the major input cost in the mink industry and thus improvement of feed efficiency through selection for high feed efficient mink is necessary for the mink farmers. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations for different feed efficiency measures, including final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). For this purpose, 1,088 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture were recorded for daily feed intake and body weight from August 1 to November 14 in 2018 and 2019. The univariate models were used to test the significance of sex, birth year and color as fixed effects, and dam as a random effect. Genetic parameters were estimated via bivariate models using ASReml-R version 4. Estimates of heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.10, 0.37±0.11, 0.33±0.14, 0.24±0.09 and 0.22±0.09 for FBW, DFI, ADG, FCR and RFI, respectively. The genetic correlation (±SE) was moderate to high between FCR and RFI (0.68±0.15) and between FCR and ADG (-0.86±0.06). In addition, RFI had low non-significant (P > 0.05) genetic correlations with ADG (0.04 ± 0.26) and BW (0.16 ± 0.24) but significant (P < 0.05) high genetic correlation with DFI (0.74 ± 0.11) indicating that selection for lower RFI will reduce feed intake without adverse effects on the animal size and growth rate. The results suggested that RFI can be implemented in genetic/genomic selection programs to reduce feed intake in the mink production system.

scholarly journals Feed intake, gastrointestinal system and body composition in reindeer calves fed early harvested first cut timothy silage (Phleum pratense)

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri J. Norberg ◽  
Svein D. Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Index Value

Early harvested first cut (EFC) timothy silage was fed to five reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) taken from their natural summer pasture and brought to Tromsø for feeding trial. The calves were housed indoors in metabolism cages and fed EFC timothy silage ad lib. during the trial, which lasted from late November 1994 until the end of February 1995, when animals subsequently were slaughtered. Daily feed intake, gastrointestinal (GI) anatomy, body weight and body composition of the animals were examined. Timothy silage {Phleum praténse) was harvested 21 June, 1994 in Tromsø, prewilted and stored as round bales containing 97% leaves. The EFC silage contained 42.1% dry matter (DM), and 18.1% crude protein, 20.7% cellulose, 16.9% hemicellulose and 28.0% water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) of DM. Mean feed intake (DM) 24 hours after the trial started (day 1) was 9-4 g/kg body mass (BM) (S.D.+ 3-9), while the mean daily DM intake during days 15-74 comprised 24.2 g/kg BM (S.D.+ 6.1). All animals except one gained body weight during the trial. The median (range) BM at start and at slaughter was 48.5 kg (34.5¬58.0 kg) and 50.0 kg (42.0-53.5 kg), respectively. Median (range) carcass weight % of BM was 58.0% (51.2-58.7%) and muscle index value 0.0132 (0.0106-0.0176). The median reticulo-rumen (RR) content wet weight (WW) was 4601 g (range 2697-5000 g) comprising 9.3% of the BM, and 85.1% of the total gastrointestinal wet weight content. The median (range) gastrointestinal tract weight was 14.1% of BM (10.7-16.4%). Based on feed intake during the trial and body composition at slaughtet we conclude that first cut timothy silage is suitable as emergency feed to reindeer, as long as it is harvested in early growth stage with high proportion of leaves.

scholarly journals The Role of Bole (Lake Soil) as a Mineral Supplement to Arsi-Bale Sheep Fed Natural Grass Hay and Concentrate Supplement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belete Kuraz ◽  
Adugna Tolera ◽  
Aster Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Grass Hay

Background: Mineral deficiencies are considered to be one of the nutritional constraints to sheep performance. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of bole soil on feed intake, live weight change and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep fed natural grass hay and concentrate supplement and its cost-benefit analysis of bole soil supplementation. Result: Total DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF intake and ADL were higher (p less than 0.0001) for T3 than for T1, T2 and T4. Final weight, body weight change, average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were greater (p less than 0.0001) for T3 and T2 than for T1 and T4. There were no differences (p greater than 0.05) between T3 and T2 whereas T4 was greater than T1 in these variables. Slaughter weight (SW) was heavier (p less than 0.0001) for treatment two and treatment three than for treatment four and treatment one, hot carcass weight, foreleg weight and dressing percentage on empty body weight basis were greater (p less than 0.0001) for T3 and T2 than for T1and T4. Conclusion: Bole soil supplementation had potentially highest effect on feed intake, live weight change and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep than non-supplemented groups. The present study also revealed that supplementation of minerals improved the total weight gain of sheep over the control treatment.

scholarly journals PSIII-4 Preliminary exploration of relationship of automated sensor data with feed intake and efficiency in lactating dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Cori J Siberski ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
James E Koltes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Indicator Traits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rolling Windows

Abstract Feed costs represent the greatest expense on a dairy farm, making feed efficiency an important trait to consider among production traits. Current tools to measure feed intake have limited application in commercial settings, due to affordability and lack of portability of technologies. Therefore, development of automated sensor-based indicator traits for feed intake could prove to be valuable. The objective of the current study was to determine if automated eartag data was associated with feed intake. Activity and inner ear temperature were collected every 19 minutes utilizing Quantified Ag eartags (n = 48 lactating cows). Ear tags were placed 5 days prior to the start of the trial, with cows ranging from 67-192 days in milk (DIM). Daily feed intake, milk weights, milk components and body weight (BW) were also recorded. Data were analyzed using PROX GLIMMIX in SAS. Dry matter intake (DMI) was modeled including fixed effects for DIM, milk weight, component composition, metabolic body weight (BW0.75), eartag activity or temperature, as well as the random effects of parity and group. To identify informative timeframes with reduced influence of environmental noise, data were analyzed over 3-day rolling windows of time. Six windows were significantly associated with dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.05) when utilizing ear tag activity. Three windows of time of ear tag temperature were found to be significantly associated with DMI (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that eartag sensor data may be useful indicators of feed intake; however, days in milk and season may impact the informativeness of sensor data. Additional studies are warranted to validate the efficacy of activity and ear temperature as indicators of feed intake and determine the impact of other variables on these potential sensor indicator traits over time.

scholarly journals Cyproheptadine as Growth Promoter In Broiler Chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Tahani S. S. AL-Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Very High

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride is a very high potent histamine and serotonine antagonist. This study was conducted to investigate the role of cyproheptadine on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, serum total protein, cholesterol and glucose. Red blood cells (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and differential leukocytic count in blood of chickens were also estimated. A total of 60 one-day-old Fabro chicks were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group was received cyproheptadine at a rate of 10 ug / 100g body weight daily for eight weeks and the second group was used as a control.  The results revealed that cyproheptadine could stimulate feed intake and improve body weight gain in chickens. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and PCV where increased significantly in these chickens accompanied by an increase in percentage of lymphocytes with a significant decrease in percentage of heterophiles and H / L ratio. This drug also reduces the total protein, cholesterol and glucose in serum.

scholarly journals Slow-release urea partially replace soybean in the diet of Holstein dairy cows: intake, blood parameters, nutrients digestibility, energy utilization, and milk production

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani M. El-Zaiat ◽  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Ibrahim M. Khattab ◽  
Sobhy M.A. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Slow Release Urea

Abstract The present experiment aimed to evaluate the partial replacement of soybean with slow-release urea (Optigen 1200™) in the diet of lactating cows for 84 d. Three-hundred multiparous lactating Holstein (635 ± 25 kg of body weight, BW) cows were stratified by live body weight; parity and previous milk production were randomly assigned into two experimental groups with 150 cows per each treatment. In the control treatment, 25 g soybean meal was replaced by 5.7 g slow-release urea for 84 d. Optigen treatment did not affect feed intake, daily milk production, milk composition, or milk (feed) efficiency; however, increased (P<0.01) total BW gain and daily BW gain. Optigen treatment increased (P<0.01) the digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. Optigen treatment increased (P<0.01) estimated N balance, milk urea-N, and net energy (NE) for gain. Without affecting blood total protein, creatinine, urea-N, triglycerides, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, or non-esterified free fatty acids, Optigen treatment increased the concentrations of blood albumin and cholesterol compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, slow-release urea could replace soybean meal in ruminant diets with no adverse effects on feed intake, nitrogen utilization, or digestibility; however, improve the total tract digestibility of fiber and crude protein in cows.

The digestion of lucerne chaff by cape barren geese, Cereopsis novaehollandiae Latham

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Marriott ◽  
DK Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Mean Retention Time

The digestibility of lucerne chaff by Cape Barren geese was investigated by means of digestibility trials with six birds caged individually. The geese were found to have large intakes (mean daily dry matter intake 113.9 g/kg of metabolic body weight) but had a very rapid rate of passage (mean retention time 1.3 hr) and digested only 25.8% of the dry matter of the lucerne. Crude protein was well digested (76.4%) but fibre was not significantly digested (0.8% digestibility).

Apparent digestibility, fecal particle size, and mean retention time of reduced lignin alfalfa hay fed to horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Grev ◽  
Marcia R Hathaway ◽  
Craig C Sheaffer ◽  
M Scott Wells ◽  
Amanda S Reiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Collection Phase ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract Reduced lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has the potential to provide a higher quality forage source for livestock by improving forage digestibility. This study was conducted to evaluate apparent digestibility when feeding reduced lignin and non-reduced lignin alfalfa hay to adult horses, and to examine mean fecal particle size (MFPS) and mean retention time (MRT) between alfalfa forage types. In 2017, reduced lignin (‘54HVX41’) and non-reduced lignin (‘WL355.RR’) alfalfa hay was harvested in Minnesota at the late-bud stage. Alfalfa hays were similar in crude protein (CP; 199 g kg -1), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 433 g kg -1), and digestible energy (DE; 2.4 Mcal kg -1). Acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations were lower for reduced lignin alfalfa hay (74 g kg -1) compared to non-reduced lignin alfalfa hay (81 g kg -1). Dietary treatments were fed to six adult, stock-type horses in a crossover study. Experimental periods consisted of a 9-d dietary adaptation phase followed by a 5-d total fecal collection phase, during which horses were housed in individual boxstalls and manure was removed on a continuous 24-h basis. At 12-h intervals, feces were thoroughly mixed, subsampled in duplicate, and used for apparent digestibility and MFPS analysis. On day 2 of the fecal collection phase, horses were fed two indigestible markers, cobalt (Co) and ytterbium (Yb), which were fed as Co-EDTA and Yb-labelled NDF residue, respectively. Additional fecal samples were taken at 2-h intervals following marker dosing until 96-h post-dosing to evaluate digesta MRT. Data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Dietary treatment (i.e., alfalfa hay type) was included as a fixed effect, while experimental period and horse were considered random effects. Dietary treatments were similar in dry matter intake (DMI; 1.6% BW) and time to consumption (TTC; 7.6 h). Apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD) was greater for reduced lignin alfalfa (64.4%) compared to non-reduced lignin alfalfa (61.7%). Apparent CP and NDF digestibility did not differ between dietary treatments, averaging 78% and 45%, respectively. Dietary treatments were similar in MFPS (0.89 mm) and MRT for both liquid (23.7 h) and solid (27.4 h) phase material. These results indicate an improvement in DMD for reduced lignin alfalfa hay when fed to adult horses, with no change in forage consumption, fecal particle size, or digesta retention time.

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