scholarly journals Effects of group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production on future litter size and retention of sows through three parities1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Stuart R Callahan ◽  
Amanda J Cross ◽  
Ashley E DeDecker ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann ◽  
Mark J Estienne
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract We previously reported that reduced floor space allowance caused by increasing the number of gilts per pen decreased growth and affected blood chemistry and immunology. The current objective was to determine effects of nursery group-size-floor space allowance on future litter sizes and retention in the breeding herd through three parities in sows. A 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with 2,537 gilts classified as large (6.92 ± 0.06 kg), medium (5.60 ± 0.06 kg), or small (4.42 ± 0.06 kg), and placed in nursery pens of 14, 11, or 8 pigs to allow 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2 floor space/pig, respectively. After the nursery and grow-finish periods, 1,453 gilts selected for breeding were relocated to one of 11 sow farms. Total litter size and pigs born alive increased (P < 0.01) with increasing parity and total litter size was 12.94, 13.28, and 13.99 (SE = 0.13) and pigs born alive was 12.21, 12.64, and 13.23 (SE = 0.11) for Parities 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a quadratic relationship of group-size-floor space allowance and total litter size (13.39, 13.54, and 13.27 [SE = 0.13] for gilts allowed 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2 floor space/pig, respectively). A linear effect of size of pig at weaning (P = 0.03) on pigs born dead was detected and was 0.64, 0.75, and 0.75, for small, medium, and large size pigs, respectively. There was no effect of group-size-floor space allowance on the percentages of gilts completing zero (P = 0.36), one (P = 0.35), two (P = 0.32), or three (P = 0.50) parities. In contrast, the percentage of small gilts that failed to complete one parity was greater (P < 0.05) and the percentage completing one parity (P < 0.05) was less than for either large or medium gilts. Abortion rate was greater (P < 0.01) in gilts classified as small (2.51%) or medium (1.36%) at weaning compared with those classified as large (0.20%). Size at weaning did not affect the proportion of gilts completing two (P = 0.88) or three (P = 0.72) parities. Group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production did not have remarkable effects on future litter sizes or retention in sows. Likewise, size of pig at weaning did not affect litter size and pigs born alive. Compared with larger pigs, however, more pigs classified as small at weaning and entering the breeding herd did not complete a parity and displayed a greater abortion rate.

scholarly journals 18 Does crowding in the nursery affect future sow reproductive performance and longevity in the breeding herd?

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Mark J Estienne ◽  
Stuart Callahan ◽  
Amanda Cross ◽  
Ashley DeDecker ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Kg Medium

Abstract We previously reported that crowding in the nursery decreased growth rate and affected blood chemistry and hematology measures in gilts. In the current experiment, weanling gilts were allowed decreased floor space in the nursery to determine effects of crowding on their future litter sizes and retention as sows. Of 2,537 gilts classified at weaning as large (6.92 kg), medium (4.42 kg), or small (5.60 kg) and reared in nursery pens of 14, 11, or 8 pigs (to allow 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2 floor space/pig, respectively), 1,453 gilts were selected for breeding and distributed among 11 sow farms. As expected, total litter size (12.94, 13.28, and 13.99; SE = 0.13) and born alive (12.21, 12.64, and 13.23; SE = 0.11) increased (P < 0.01) from parity one to three. A tendency (P = 0.08) existed for a quadratic relationship between space and total litter size [13.39, 13.54, and 13.27 (SE = 0.13) for gilts allowed 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2 floor space/pig, respectively]. A linear effect of pig size (P = 0.03) on stillborns was detected (0.64, 0.75, and 0.75, for small, medium, and large, respectively). There was no effect of space on the percentages of gilts completing zero (P = 0.36), one (P = 0.35), two (P = 0.32) or three (P = 0.50) parities. However, the percentage of small gilts completing zero parities was greater (P < 0.01), and the percentage completing one parity was less (P < 0.01) than for large or medium gilts. Abortion rate was greater (P < 0.01) in gilts classified as small (2.51%) or medium (1.36%) compared with large (0.20%). Floor space allowed in the nursery did not remarkably affect litter sizes or retention through three parities in sows. Compared with larger pigs, however, more small pigs entering the breeding herd did not complete a parity and displayed a greater abortion rate.

scholarly journals 17 Effects of birth traits, physical or fenceline boar exposure and group size on pubertal measures and lifetime fertility of replacement gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Robert V Knox ◽  
Ashley Daniel ◽  
Jenny Patterson ◽  
Lidia S Arend ◽  
George Foxcroft
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
And Control ◽  
Farrowing Rate

Abstract In experiment 1, prepubertal gilts with (n = 264) and without (n = 43) birth records received Fenceline (FBE) or Physical (PBE) Boar Exposure (BE) in a Boar Exposure Area (BEAR). At 185 d of age, gilts (13/pen) received BE for 15 min/d for 3 wk. At the start of Week 3, anestrual gilts received PG600 or no-PG600 (Control). At estrus, females were moved into stalls and inseminated at 2nd heat. Gilts born in larger litters were lighter (r = -0.26) while heavier pigs grew faster to puberty (r = 0.25). PBE increased estrus in Week 1 (38%) over FBE (28%). In Week 3, PBE-PG600 increased estrus (79.9%) compared with PBE- Control (36.2%), while FBE-PG600 and Control did not differ (52.7 vs. 42.5%). By 6 wk, estrus tended to be greater (P < 0.08) for PBE (91.2%) than FBE (83.2%). Reduced fertility associated with: 1) small birth litter; 2) heaviest birthweight; 3) slower growth rate; 4) delayed puberty and age at 1st service; and 5) abnormal estrus interval. Experiment 2 tested the pubertal response to PBE or FBE with 10 or 20 gilts/pen. Gilts (n = 180) at 168 d with 1.8 m2 floor space received BE once/d for 15 min for 1–3 wk. At the start of Week 3, anestrual gilts received PG600. Estrus in Week 1 (7.3%) did not differ, but a BE x Pen effect occurred in Week 2 (estrus range: 15–34%). In Week 3, PG600 increased estrus (P < 0.03) in Pens of 10 (83.7%) compared to Pens of 20 (64.1%). BE method had no effect and Pens of 10 had greater estrus (P = 0.05) than Pens of 20 (88.3 vs 75.8%). These results indicated that use of PBE, a BEAR, smaller group size, and PG600 can be used in combinations to enhance puberty induction. Birth and pubertal measures influenced service and farrowing rate, litter size, and age at removal.

Effects of group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production on growth, physiology, and hematology in replacement gilts

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
S. R. Callahan ◽  
A. J. Cross ◽  
A. E. DeDecker ◽  
M. D. Lindemann ◽  
M. J. Estienne
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Floor Space

Effects of Buserelin on day of service or 12 days post service on farrowing rate and litter size to first service in outdoor sows and gilts

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
A.R. Peters ◽  
L.A. Dwyer ◽  
A. Dawson ◽  
P.A. Canham ◽  
J.D. Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prolonged Weaning ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Buserelin Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Infertility ◽  
Farrowing Rate

The problem of seasonal infertility in pigs has been recognised for many years. The infertility complex can may be manifested by increased returns to service, prolonged weaning to oestrus intervals and decreased litter size. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects of Buserelin treatment on fertility in sows and gilts during the seasonally infertile period.A total of 1231 mixed parity sows and gilts from five outdoor herds in East Anglia were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Any sows not presented for service at first post weaning oestrus were excluded. All sows and gilts judged to be in adequate health and condition to be kept in a commercial breeding herd were included. Group C sows and gilts were given no treatment. Group R1 sows and gilts were injected i.m. with 8μg Buserelin (2.0ml Receptal; Hoechst Roussel Vet UK Ltd) on the day of service.

scholarly journals Sex Ratio and Growth Pattern of Coconut Crabs Birgus latro (Crustacea, Decapoda, Cianobitidae) in North Moluccas Province, Indonesia

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rugaya Serosero ◽  
Sulistiono Sulistiono ◽  
Nurlisa A. Butet ◽  
Etty Riani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
B Value ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Thorax Length ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Cephalothorax Length ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Coconut crab (Birgus latro) is a crustacean that has a large size until four kilograms. The study  aimed to analyze sex ratio and growth pattern including the relationship of thorax length - body weight, thorax width - body weight and cephalothorax length plus rostrum - body weight in Daeo (Morotai Island), Laigoma (South Halmahera District) and Fitako (North Halmahera District). The sex ratio was determined using χ2 test and the growth pattern was tested by the b value through t test. The results showed sex ratio of 1: 0.9 in Daeo (n = 581), 1: 0.6 in Laigoma (n = 24), and 1: 2 in Fitako (n = 31). The relationship of thorax length, thorax width and cephalothorax length plus rostrum with body weight were strongly correlated (R2> 70%). The growth pattern of coconut crab in Daeo was negative allometric, while in Laigoma and Fitako were negative allometric and isometric.

The relationship of social vocalizations to surface behavior and aggression in the Hawaiian humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2075-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Silber
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Surface Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) social vocalizations (nonsong sounds) were clearly related to whale group size and surface activity. Social sounds occurred almost exclusively in groups containing three or more whales and were rarely heard near single whales, pairs, or cow–calf groups. Large groups (3 to 20 individuals) vocalized at an overall mean rate of 43.1 ± 55.52 sounds per whale/h. Group size changed frequently and a dramatic increase in vocalization rate resulted when a new whale entered a group. Large groups engaged in flurries of surface activity, such as breaching, flipper- and tail-slapping, and underwater bubbling. Aggressive encounters resulted from male–male interaction. Social sounds probably acted to demonstrate aggression or agitation as adult males competed for temporary social dominance within the group and for proximity to the female. Likewise, visual displays may have been used as threats in close quarters and were apparently produced in conjunction with sounds to convey levels of aggression. Although other studies suggested that surface activity increased with group size, I found a negative correlation between activity and group size, both in the group as a whole and per individual. In contrast, social vocalizations per group increased with group size while the vocalization rate per individual did not vary significantly with increasing group size.

scholarly journals Family Satisfaction With Nursing Home Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana P. Shippee ◽  
Carrie Henning-Smith ◽  
Joseph E. Gaugler ◽  
Robert Held ◽  
Robert L. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
New Family ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Relationship Of

This article explores the factor structure of a new family satisfaction with nursing home care instrument and determines the relationship of resident quality of life (QOL) and facility characteristics with family satisfaction. Data sources include (1) family satisfaction interviews ( n = 16,790 family members), (2) multidimensional survey of resident QOL ( n = 13,433 residents), and (3) facility characteristics ( n = 376 facilities). We used factor analysis to identify domains of family satisfaction and multivariate analyses to identify the role of facility-level characteristics and resident QOL on facility-mean values of family satisfaction. Four distinct domains were identified for family satisfaction: “care,” “staff,” “environment,” and “food.” Chain affiliation, higher resident acuity, more deficiencies, and large size were all associated with less family satisfaction, and resident QOL was a significant (albeit weak) predictor of family satisfaction. Results suggest that family member satisfaction is distinct from resident QOL but is associated with resident QOL and facility characteristics.

Group Performance Related to Size and Initial Ability of Group Members

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ability Levels ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

This study examined the relationship of group performance as a function of group size, where members within each group are of similar initial ability levels, but members in different groups are of different levels. 5 wk. later on the basis of a paper-and-pencil test, Ss were formed into groups composed of all high Ss, all medium Ss, and all low Ss, with size varying from 2 to 5 persons. Ss working as a group retook the same test. Results showed that groups with different initial levels have their own unique patterns of improvement as the size of the group increases.

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