scholarly journals A Case Study of Dual Infection of Dengue and COVID-19: Presenting as Multiorgan Dysfunction in an Infant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Ashraf Kazi ◽  
Sanajit Ghosh ◽  
Satyabrata Roychowdhury ◽  
Prabhas Prasun Giri ◽  
Mihir Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Major Health

Abstract Dengue is a major health concern in South Asian countries transmitted by bite of day breeder mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Severity of plasma leak, shock, bleeding tendency and other organ dysfunction can be more pronounced in infants. The management becomes further complicated in the presence of a co-existing COVID-19 infection. Although COVID-19 infection is usually asymptomatic or has mild manifestations in children, however in presence of serious co-infection like dengue it can modify the course of the illness and lead to drastic consequences. Here, we present one such case of a 9-month-old female child who tested positive for dengue as well as COVID-19 during the ongoing corona pandemic and went on to develop shock, encephalopathy with deranged liver enzymes but managed to overcome all odds and recover from the disease by day 14 of illness.

scholarly journals Wasting and Associated Factors among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Nidhi Wali ◽  
Kingsley E. E. Agho ◽  
Andre M. N. Renzaho
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sampling Weights

Child wasting continues to be a major public health concern in South Asia, having a prevalence above the emergency threshold. This paper aimed to identify factors associated with wasting among children aged 0–23 months, 24–59 months, and 0–59 months in South Asia. A weighted sample of 564,518 children aged 0–59 months from the most recent demographic and health surveys (2014–2018) of five countries in South Asia was combined. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to examine associated factors. Wasting prevalence was higher for children aged 0–23 months (25%) as compared to 24–59 months (18%), with variations in prevalence across the South Asian countries. The most common factor associated with child wasting was maternal BMI [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 0–23 months = 2.02; 95% CI: (1.52, 2.68); AOR for 24–59 months = 2.54; 95% CI: (1.83, 3.54); AOR for 0–59 months = 2.18; 95% CI: (1.72, 2.77)]. Other factors included maternal height and age, household wealth index, birth interval and order, children born at home, and access to antenatal visits. Study findings suggest need for nutrition specific and sensitive interventions focused on women, as well as adolescents and children under 2 years of age.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption, Trade and GDP: A Case Study of South Asian Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4II) ◽  
pp. 461-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
M. Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
M.. Tariq Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Process ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Reasonable Cost

Acute shortage of energy sources in developing countries in general and South Asian countries in particular has shown that energy has become a binding input for any production process. Nowadays operation of heavy machinery and electrical equipment, and transportation of raw material and final products from their place of origination to their destination require heavy consumption of energy in one form or the other. Therefore, energy consumption that was previously ignored in the production function of a firm and an economy is now considered a vital input in production process. It affects GDP directly as by increasing energy consumption; more output can be produced with given stock of capital and labor force in a country. Also uninterrupted availability of energy at reasonable cost improves competiveness of home products in international markets and thus increases exports of home country a great deal. Resulting increase in net exports further adds to the GDP through multiplier effect

scholarly journals Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors: Evidence from six south Asian countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245923
Author(s):  
Alamgir Sarder ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Maniruzzaman ◽  
Ashis Talukder ◽  
Benojir Ahammed
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Aim Unintended pregnancy is a significant public health concern in South Asian countries because of its negative association with the socioeconomic and health outcomes for both children and mothers. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and explore its determinants among women of reproductive age in six South Asian countries. Methods Nationwide latest demography and health survey data from six South Asian countries, including Bangladesh (2014), Pakistan (2017–2018), Nepal (2016), Afghanistan (2015), Maldives (2016–2017) and India (2015–2016) were pooled for the present study. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the association between unintended pregnancy and its associated factors. Results Amongst the total women (n = 41,689), overall, 19.1% pregnancies were reported as unintended (ranging from 11.9% in India to 28.4% in Bangladesh). The logistic regression model showed that younger women (15–19 years) had 1.42 times higher chance of unintended pregnancies. The odds of unintended pregnancies was 1.24 times higher for poorest women and 1.19 times higher for poorer women. Further, urban women (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.80), women having no children (aOR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.09–0.12), smaller (≤4) family (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.67–0.78), those who intent to use contraceptive (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60–0.86), currently living with partner (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99), first cohabitation in teenage (≤19 years) (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78–0.92) were less likely to report unintended pregnancies. Conclusions This study has showed that women’s age, wealth index, place of residence, number of children, family size, the intention of contraceptive use, living with a partner, and first cohabitation age are essential determinants of unintended pregnancy. These factors should be considered when trying to reduce unintended pregnancy in six South Asian countries. However, there is a need to improve health education, counselling, skills-building, sex education, modern contraceptive use and its access in this region. Intervention programs regarding reproductive health and policies are warranted to reduce rates of unintended pregnancy in South Asian countries.

scholarly journals Role of Neostigmine in Neurotoxic Snake Bite

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1095-1097
Author(s):  
Irshad V.S. ◽  
Parth Godhiwala ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Charan Singh Bagga ◽  
Anusha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Weakness ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Snake Toxins ◽  
King Cobra

Snake bite is a major health concern in India. Common krait is one of the most dangerous and poisonous neurotoxic snakes. Snake bite is a medical emergency. India has the highest snake bite death rate in the world.1 Elapidae, viperidae, pit viper and hydrophiidae are the main poisonous snake families in India. Elapidae family includes common cobra, king cobra and common krait.2 Common Indian krait is about 10 times more poisonous than cobra. Snake toxins are neurotoxic or haematotoxic. Krait is neurotoxic, which interrupts neuromuscular transmission of impulse and causes paralysis of muscles. Neostigmine which is an anticholinesterase can reverse the neurological manifestations of the venom.3 Treatment of neurotoxic snake bite includes administration of anti-snake venom, neostigmine with atropine and invasive ventilation if there is respiratory muscle weakness or paralysis. Maximum dose of neostigmine to reverse neuromuscular blockade is 10 mg over 24 hours. 4 Here we report a case of a 60-years-old male who presented with a snake bite followed by respiratory distress and bilateral ptosis. The patient was treated as per standard protocol. However, his ptosis did not improve as per expectations. Hence, neostigmine was given for prolonged period to revert ptosis in neurotoxic snake bite. In this case study we are discussing about maximum dose of neostigmine given to revert ptosis in a neurotoxic snake bite, as their no case report regarding it.

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