Maximizing Returns to Water Use in Southwest Kansas Irrigated Corn / Cotton Production

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Cotton Production

scholarly journals Improving Water Use Efficiency through Reduced Irrigation for Sustainable Cotton Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4044
Author(s):  
Hafiz Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Fiaz Ahmad ◽  
Shah Rukh ◽  
Rao Muhammad Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Use Efficiency

The socio-economic development of a country is highly dependent on water availability. Nowadays, increasing water scarcity is a major global challenge. Continuing improvements in water-use efficiency are essential for cotton production sustainability. Reduced irrigation in cotton could be a solution to water shortage in the arid climate without compromising the cotton yield. Therefore, a two-year field study was conducted to assess the effect of two levels of irrigation i.e., 50% and 100% of available water content (AWC) on the yield of four cotton genotypes (CIM-678, CIM-343, CRIS-613, and CYTO-510). The maximum seed cotton yield was observed in CIM-678, which was 2.31 and 2.46 Mg ha−1 under 100% AWC during 2018 and 2019, respectively, and was non-significantly reduced by 7.7 and 8.94%, owing to deficit irrigation. The maximum water use efficiency (WUE) of 0.55 and 0.64 Kg ha−1 mm−1 was observed under 50% AWC in CIM-678, which was significantly higher than WUE at 100% AWC during both years. Leaf area index and physiological parameters such as photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were not significantly affected by deficit irrigation. So, it was concluded that the reduced irrigation technique performed well without significant yield loss, improve WUE, and saved 37 cm of water that could be used for other crops or to increase the area of the cotton crop.

scholarly journals Irrigation-Water Management and Productivity of Cotton: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10070
Author(s):  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
Aleksey Y. Sheshukov ◽  
Jonathan Aguilar ◽  
Koffi Djaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Efficiency

A decrease in water resources, as well as changing environmental conditions, calls for efficient irrigation-water management in cotton-production systems. Cotton (Gossypium sp.) is an important cash crop in many countries, and it is used more than any other fiber in the world. With water shortages occurring more frequently nowadays, researchers have developed many approaches for irrigation-water management to optimize yield and water-use efficiency. This review covers different irrigation methods and their effects on cotton yield. The review first considers the cotton crop coefficient (Kc) and shows that the FAO-56 values are not appropriate for all regions, hence local Kc values need to be determined. Second, cotton water use and evapotranspiration are reviewed. Cotton is sensitive to limited water, especially during the flowering stage, and irrigation scheduling should match the crop evapotranspiration. Water use depends upon location, climatic conditions, and irrigation methods and regimes. Third, cotton water-use efficiency is reviewed, and it varies widely depending upon location, irrigation method, and cotton variety. Fourth, the effect of different irrigation methods on cotton yield and yield components is reviewed. Although yields and physiological measurements, such as photosynthetic rate, usually decrease with water stress for most crops, cotton has proven to be drought resistant and deficit irrigation can serve as an effective management practice. Fifth, the effect of plant density on cotton yield and yield components is reviewed. Yield is decreased at high and low plant populations, and an optimum population must be determined for each location. Finally, the timing of irrigation termination (IT) is reviewed. Early IT can conserve water but may not result in maximum yields, while late IT can induce yield losses due to increased damage from pests. Extra water applied with late IT may adversely affect the yield and its quality and eventually compromise the profitability of the cotton production system. The optimum time for IT needs to be determined for each geographic location. The review compiles water-management studies dealing with cotton production in different parts of the world, and it provides information for sustainable cotton production.

scholarly journals Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip-irrigation water for cotton in a Vertosol

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pendergast ◽  
S. P. Bhattarai ◽  
D. J. Midmore
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Poor Soil

Australian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is predominantly grown on heavy clay soils (Vertosols). Cotton grown on Vertosols often experiences episodes of low oxygen concentration in the root-zone, particularly after irrigation events. In subsurface drip-irrigation (SDI), cotton receives frequent irrigation and sustained wetting fronts are developed in the rhizosphere. This can lead to poor soil diffusion of oxygen, causing temporal and spatial hypoxia. As cotton is sensitive to waterlogging, exposure to this condition can result in a significant yield penalty. Use of aerated water for drip irrigation (‘oxygation’) can ameliorate hypoxia in the wetting front and, therefore, overcome the negative effects of poor soil aeration. The efficacy of oxygation, delivered via SDI to broadacre cotton, was evaluated over seven seasons (2005–06 to 2012–13). Oxygation of irrigation water by Mazzei air-injector produced significantly (P < 0.001) higher yields (200.3 v. 182.7 g m–2) and water-use efficiencies. Averaged over seven years, the yield and gross production water-use index of oxygated cotton exceeded that of the control by 10% and 7%, respectively. The improvements in yields and water-use efficiency in response to oxygation could be ascribed to greater root development and increased light interception by the crop canopies, contributing to enhanced crop physiological performance by ameliorating exposure to hypoxia. Oxygation of SDI contributed to improvements in both yields and water-use efficiency, which may contribute to greater economic feasibility of SDI for broadacre cotton production in Vertosols.

scholarly journals Effects of Quality Considerations and Climate/Weather Information on the Management and Profitability of Cotton Production in the Texas High Plains

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Britt ◽  
Octavio A. Ramirez ◽  
Carlos E. Carpio
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Seed Yields

Production function models for cotton lint yields, seed yields, turnout, and lint quality characteristics are developed for the Texas High Plains. They are used to evaluate the impacts of quality considerations and of climate/weather information on the management decisions and on the profitability and risk of irrigated cotton production systems. It is concluded that both quality considerations and improved climatic/weather information could have substantial effects on expected profitability and risk. These effects mainly occur because of changes in optimal variety selection and irrigation water use levels. Quality considerations in particular result in significantly lower irrigation water use levels regardless of the climate/weather information assumption, which has important scarce-resource use implications for the Texas High Plains.

scholarly journals Determining Optimum Irrigation Termination Periods for Cotton Production in the Texas High Plains

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
Nina Omani ◽  
Sushil K. Himanshu ◽  
James P. Bordovsky ◽  
Kelly R. Thorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

HighlightsIrrigation water use efficiency was consistently higher under deficit irrigation as compared to full irrigation.Irrigation water use was always less than the annual allowable pumping limit under deficit irrigation.The first/second week of September was ideal for terminating irrigation under full/deficit irrigation in normal years.Ideal irrigation termination periods in wet/dry years were a week earlier/later than those in normal years.Abstract. Cotton ( L.) production in the Texas High Plains (THP) region relies heavily on irrigation with groundwater from the underlying Ogallala Aquifer. However, rapidly declining groundwater levels in the aquifer and increasing pumping costs pose challenges for sustainability of irrigated cotton production in this region. Adoption of efficient irrigation strategies, such as terminating irrigation at an appropriate time in the growing season, could enable producers to increase irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) while maintaining desired yield goals. The objective of this study was to determine optimum irrigation termination periods for cotton production in the THP under full and deficit irrigation conditions using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) CROPGRO-Cotton model, which was evaluated in a prior study in the THP using measured data from an IWUE field experiment at Halfway, Texas. The treatment factors in the field experiment included irrigation capacities of 0 mm d-1 (low, L), 3.2 mm d-1 (medium, M), and 6.4 mm d-1 (high, H), applied during the vegetative, reproductive, and maturation growth stages. This study focused on a full irrigation (HHH) treatment and three deficit irrigation (LMH, LHM, and LMM) treatments. Eight irrigation termination dates with a one-week interval between 15 August and 30 September were simulated, and the impact of irrigation termination date on cotton IWUE and seed cotton yield were studied by dividing the 39-year (1978 to 2016) simulation period into dry, normal, and wet years based on the precipitation received from 1 April to the simulated irrigation termination date. Results indicated that the simulated IWUE was consistently higher under the LHM, LMH, and LMM treatments when compared to the HHH treatment. Based on the simulated average seed cotton yield and IWUE, optimum irrigation termination periods for cotton were found to be the first week of September (about 118 days after planting, DAP) for the HHH and LMH treatments and the second week of September (125 DAP) for the LHM and LMM treatments in normal years. In wet years, optimum irrigation termination periods were a week earlier than those in normal years and a week later in dry years for the HHH, LHM, and LMM treatments. For the LMH treatment, the optimum irrigation termination period in wet years was the same as that in normal years and two weeks later in dry years. The results from this study along with field-specific, late-season information will assist THP cotton producers in making appropriate irrigation termination decisions for improving economic productivity of the Ogallala Aquifer and thereby ensuring water security for agriculture. However, the recommendations from this study should be used with caution, as the optimum irrigation termination periods could potentially change with changes in cultivar characteristics, soil type, climate, and, crop management practices. Keywords: CROPGRO-Cotton, Deficit irrigation, DSSAT, Full irrigation, Irrigation water use efficiency, Seed cotton yield.

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of irrigation termination periods on cotton productivity under strategic deficit irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Himanshu ◽  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
James P. Bordovsky ◽  
JungJin Kim ◽  
Sayantan Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

AbstractDetermining optimum irrigation termination periods for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is crucial for efficient utilization and conservation of finite groundwater resources of the Ogallala Aquifer in the Texas High Plains (THP) region. The goal of this study was to suggest optimum irrigation termination periods for different Evapotranspiration (ET) replacement-based irrigation strategies to optimize cotton yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) using the CROPGRO-Cotton model. We re-evaluated a previously evaluated CROPGRO-Cotton model using updated yield and in-season physiological data from 2017 to 2019 growing seasons from an IWUE experiment at Halfway, TX. The re-evaluated model was then used to study the effects of combinations of irrigation termination periods (between August 15 and September 30) and deficit/excess irrigation strategies (55%-115% ET-replacement) under dry, normal and wet years using weather data from 1978 to 2019. The 85% ET-replacement strategy was found ideal for optimizing irrigation water use and cotton yield, and the optimum irrigation termination period for this strategy was found to be the first week of September during dry and normal years, and the last week of August during wet years. Irrigation termination periods suggested in this study are useful for optimizing cotton production and IWUE under different levels of irrigation water availability.

Assessing the Impacts of Future Climate on Cotton Production in the Arizona Low Desert

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1098
Author(s):  
Ibukun Timothy Ayankojo ◽  
Kelly R. Thorp ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Kritika Kothari ◽  
Srinivasulu Ale
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Future

HighlightsCotton yield was reduced significantly under projected future climate conditions for the Arizona low desert (ALD). Of all the weather variables, yield reduction was primarily due to projected increases in daily maximum and minimum air temperatures.Cotton reproductive stages were more susceptible to heat stress than vegetative stages. Projected increases in air temperature may result in a slight increase in cotton growth or biomass production; however, heat stress significantly reduced fruit retention, leading to lower boll number and yield.Although future increases in CO2 may improve plant growth and productivity, the potential benefit of CO2 fertilization on cotton growth and yield in the ALD was offset by the projected increase in air temperature.The projected average seasonal irrigation requirement increased by at least 10%. This suggests that greater demand for freshwater withdrawal for agriculture can be expected in the future. Therefore, given the projected change in future climate, cotton cultivars tolerant of longer periods of high air temperature, changes in planting dates, and improved management practices for higher water productivity are critical needs for sustainable cotton production in the ALD.Abstract. Cotton is an important crop in Arizona, with a total cash value of approximately $200 million for fiber and cottonseed in 2018. In recent years, heat stress from increasing air temperature has reduced cotton productivity in the Arizona low desert (ALD); however, the effects of future climate on ALD cotton production have not been studied. In this study, the DSSAT CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton model was used to simulate the effects of future climate on cotton growth, yield, and water use in the ALD area. Projected climate forcings for the ALD were obtained from nine global climate models under two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). Cotton growth, yield, and water use were simulated for mid-century (2036 to 2065) and late century (2066 to 2095) and compared to the baseline (1980 to 2005). Results indicated that seed cotton yield was reduced by at least 40% and 51% by mid-century and late century, respectively, compared to the baseline. Of all the weather variables, the seasonal average maximum (R2 = 0.72) and minimum (R2 = 0.80) air temperatures were most correlated with yield reductions. Under the future climate conditions of the ALD, cotton growth or biomass accumulation slightly increased compared to the baseline. Irrigation requirements in the ALD increased by at least 10% and 14% by mid-century and late century, respectively. Increases in irrigation requirements were due to an increase in crop water use; hence, greater demand for freshwater withdrawal for agricultural purposes is anticipated in the future. Therefore, cotton cultivars that are tolerant of long periods of high air temperature and improved management practices that promote efficient crop water use are critical for future sustainability of cotton production in the ALD. Keywords: . Arid region, CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton, Future climate, Gossypium hirsutum L., Heat stress, Irrigation demand.

Soil compaction and controlled traffic considerations in Australian cotton-farming systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogenes L. Antille ◽  
John McL. Bennett ◽  
Troy A. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Controlled Traffic

A literature review was conducted to collate best practice techniques for soil compaction management within cotton-farming systems in Australia. Universally negative effects of traffic-induced soil compaction on the whole-farm system and the wider environment include: (i) increased gap between attainable and potential yields, (ii) increased costs of energy and labour, (iii) reduced fertiliser-use efficiency, (iv) reduced water use efficiency (irrigation and rainfall), (v) increased tillage intensity. Knowledge gaps that merit research priority, and research strategies, are suggested. These include: (i) identifying wider impacts on farm economics to guide decision-making and development of decision support systems that capture the effects of compaction on fertiliser, water, and energy use efficiency; (ii) predicting risks at the field or subfield scale and implementing precision management of traffic compaction; (iii) canopy management at terminal stages of the crop cycle to manipulate soil-moisture deficits before crop harvest, thereby optimising trafficability for harvesting equipment; (iv) the role of controlled traffic farming (CTF) in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and loss of soil organic carbon, and in enhancing fertiliser and water-use efficiencies; (v) recent developments in tyre technology, such as low ground-pressure tyres, require investigation to assess their cost-effectiveness compared with other available options; and (vi) catchment-scale modelling incorporating changes in arable land-use, such as increased area under CTF coupled with no- or minimum-tillage, and variable rate technology is suggested. Such modelling should assess the potential of CTF and allied technologies to reduce sediment and nutrient losses, and improve water quality in intensively managed arable catchments. Resources must be efficiently managed within increasingly sophisticated farming systems to enable long-term economic viability of cotton production. Agronomic and environmental performance of cotton farming systems could be improved with a few changes, and possibly, at a reasonable cost. Key to managing soil compaction appears to be encouraging increased adoption of CTF. This process may benefit from financial support to growers, such as agri-environmental stewardships, and it would be assisted by product customisation from machinery manufacturers.

Estimating and mapping deep drainage risk at the district level in the lower Gwydir and Macquarie valleys, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Triantafilis ◽  
I. O. A. Odeh ◽  
A. L. Jarman ◽  
M. G. Short ◽  
E. Kokkoris
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Use Efficiency

In the Murray–Darling Basin, irrigated agriculture, which produces rice, dairy, cotton and citrus, is a large consumer of water resources. Effective management of the water resource is therefore important to ensure sustainability of irrigated agriculture. In the lower Gwydir and Macquarie valleys, respectively located in northern and central New South Wales of Australia, extensive irrigated-cotton production is an important contributor to the nation’s export earnings. However, there are problems of excessive deep drainage (DD) in these regions. To address them requires soil and water quality information, but there is little quantitative information to plan for and implement improved water use efficiency. In this paper, we explore methods that could efficiently generate data on natural resources. First, we carried out an electromagnetic induction (EM38) survey to characterise broad soil profile types in the Ashley (lower Gwydir valley) and Trangie (lower Macquarie valley) districts. From the resulting apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, mS/m) data collected using an EM 38 (vertical mode of operation), soil profile sites were selected and sampled, followed by laboratory analysis carried to determine exchangeable cations and clay content. The soil data collected were analysed with a salt and leaching fraction (SaLF) model, based on specific water quality and quantity parameters, such as electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECiw, dS/m) and rainfall (R, mm/year). Various water application rates (I) were also considered, to simulate irrigated cotton (I = 600 mm/year) and rice production (I = 1200 mm/year) as well as shallow water reservoirs (I = 1800 mm/year). For each irrigation scenario, DD values (mm/year) were estimated. An exponential function was used to describe the relationships between ECa values obtained with the EM38 and estimated DD. These relationships were then used to estimate DD at each of the EM38 survey sites, whereupon cut-off (zc) values were used for indicator transforms of the data. Using indicator kriging (IK) and various irrigation scenarios, we demonstrate the usefulness of this approach in identifying areas of high risk of DD exceeding various cut-off values (zc = 50, 75, 100 and 200 mm/year). Thus, we show where improvements in water-use efficiency could be achieved in the irrigated cotton growing districts of Ashley and Trangie.

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